ZigBee

Venkat Bahl
Philips Business Development Manager Semiconductors Division

Market Application Landscape

Graphics Internet Text Hi-Fi audio Streaming video Digital video Multi-channel video

Long Range

WAN
GSM/CDMA GPRS/3G LMDS

Wi-Fi 802.11b Short Range

Wi-Fi5 802.11a/HL2

LAN

ZigBee 802.15.4

Bluetooth 2 Bluetooth 1 802.15.1

WiMedia 802.15.3 PAN

Low Data Rate Semiconductors

High Data Rate

2

Why ZigBee?
Standard in a fragmented market Many proprietary solutions, interoperability issues Low Power consumption Users expect battery to last months to years! Low Cost High density of nodes per network Simple protocol, global implementation

Semiconductors

ZigBee -Target Markets

Monitors Sensors Automation Control

Industrial & Commercial

Consumer Electronics

TV VCR DVD CD Remote

PC Peripherals Personal Healthcare

Monitors Diagnostics Sensors

Low Data Rate Radio Devices

Mouse Keyboard Joystick Gamepad

Toys & Games

PETs Gameboys Educational

Home Automation

Security HVAC Lighting Closures

Semiconductors

ZigBee Technology Adoption Curve

Gap

Evangelize

Technology Leaders

Early Adopters

Mature Market

Laggards

ZigBee today
Semiconductors
5

ZigBee Rate of Adoption

Market Matures

Home Control Adoption

Volume

Industrial Adoption

Initial Adoption

Time
Semiconductors
6

Standards Expectations
This will satisfy all requirements

Market Expectations

Disillusionment Everything is OK Products start to ship Obituaries Written

Market Interest Builds

ZigBee today

Time
Semiconductors
7

Market Size Low Data Rate (No

Low Data Rate Market

600 500

Million units

400 300 200 100 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Others Industrial Applications Home Environment

Years

Source: ABI, Dataquest, Internal

Semiconductors

Market Segmentation 2002 - 2006

Segment Market Share 2002
0% 48% 52% Home Industrial Others

Industrial Applications will drive initial market Home Environment will become Important Over time, there will be varied Applications (Other)

Segm ent Market Share 2005

18% 13% Home Industrial 69% Others

Semiconductors

Some Details - Home Controls

Energy Management is going to be a key aspect

Even if we are to ignore the Building Auto and Industrial Markets for a few minutes.

Semiconductors

10

 Founding Members Cisco GM Invensys The NewPower Company Panasonic Sears Contributing Members Best Buy Sun

Associate Members ADT Security Services Autco Distributing AVAD Coactive Networks CompUSA Connected Lifestyles Echelon emWare Gatespace Home Director Honeywell Info-linc

Metering Technology N.E.W. Customer Service Companies Qubit Technology Reliant Energy Sage Systems Sempra Energy Connections Ucentric Systems Visteon Western Digital zBox

The Connected Home: The features of a connected home exist today; they are not dreams of tomorrow. This home is connected in the sense that normally independent systems are linked to a centrally controlled system. In a connected home, your home computer, TV, lighting and heating controls, home security system and many appliances within the home can talk to each other via the Internet. These linked systems can be controlled through various devices, including your pager, cellular phone, TV, home PC, PDA, or even your automobile. More specifically, the connected home offers the following: new forms of entertainment; anywhere, anytime communication with family, friends and coworkers; advanced home control and security; new ways to buy over the Internet; safe and secure e-mail and other communications; and alwayson, high speed Internet access - all from reliable providers.
11

Source: Internet Home Alliance the Advantage magazine.

Semiconductors

Internet Home Alliance Survey Findings

Zigbee can provide or help provide 3 of the 5 top features customers want in a connected home
Interest in Individual Features of the Connected Home
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% % of respondents50% interested 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
Video on Demand Web-based Home Security
Source: Zanthus CEO interview, Semiconductors Internet Home Alliance The Advantage magazine.

Zigbee sensors eliminate the need to run wires throughout the house and make adding a new system to an old house realistic

Zigbee use in thermostat simplifies wiring and connectivity to the Internet Zigbees technical characteristics and cost are ideal for DAP applications

Anywhere, anytime file access

Internet control of heat/HVAC

e-Kitchen

12

Connected Home Pilot Programs

Energy Management OnStar at Home

June to October 2001 300 households Tested the effectiveness of energy management systems NewPower initiated periodic energy curtailments (e.g. raising the temperature a few degrees during peak hours) to save money Individuals could override the curtailments manually or through a Web portal

To begin Q1 2002 100 households Integrated OnStars Virtual Advisor service with home security, control and telecommunications components Provides an easy to use, consistent interface to control home systems such as lighting, temperature and home security Homeowners will be able to control their home operations from any, PC, telephone, WAP phone or wireless PDA in addition to OnStars PCS service
13

Source: Website, Mercer interview.

Semiconductors

Home Networking
Home appliances will complement additional Zigbee markets
Volume Comparison Between Home Appliances and CE devices
50 45 40 35
Unit 30 Shipments in 2000 25 (in millions)

(Unit shipments in the US in 2000)

20 15 10 5 0
Washer/ Dryer Microwave A/C Fridge/ Freezer Water Cooking Dish- Furnace Heater washer Cell Phone TV VCR DVD

Source: US shipments in 2000 from Appliance Magazine March 2001, Time Machine of the Year 2000.

Semiconductors

14

Market Requirements
Global licence free ISM band operation Unrestricted geographic use RF penetration through walls & ceilings Automatic/semi-automatic installation Ability to add or remove devices Possible voice support

Semiconductors

15

Market Requirements, cont...

10k-115.2kbps data throughput 10-75m coverage range (home/garden) Support for 32-255 nodes Support for 4 critical devices 4-100 co-located networks 0.5-2 year battery life Up to 5m/sec. (18kmph) permitted mobility Module cost: $1.5-$2.5 in 2004/5!
16

Semiconductors

ZigBee - General Characteristics

Data rates of 250 kbps and 20 kbps Star topology, peer to peer possible 255 devices per network CSMA-CA channel access Optional Guaranteed Time Slot Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability Low power (battery life multi-month to years) Dual PHY (2.4GHz and 868/915 MHz) Extremely low duty-cycle (<0.1%) Range: 10m nominal (1-100m based on settings) Location Aware: Yes, but optional
17

Semiconductors

ZigBee Alliance - IEEE - Customer

Relationship
Application Application Interface

ZigBee Alliance

Network Layer
Data Link Layer MAC Layer

IEEE

MAC Layer
PHY Layer
Silicon ZigBee Stack Application

Semiconductors

18

Range Estimation (Meters)

0dBm 10dBm 20dBm 250kbps 10 20 40

Using Firefly TRD/RSI propagation model

Semiconductors
19

Network Topology
Network coordinator Network node

IEEE node

Communications flow
Virtual links
Semiconductors

20

Other Network Forms

Network coordinator Ad-hoc network

Network node
Gateway

Communications flow Gateway enabled network

Semiconductors
21

Supported Traffic Types

Periodic data Application defined rate
Intermittent Basic communication Repetitive low latency data Allocation of guaranteed time slots

Semiconductors

22

The Network Coordinator

Transmits network beacons Sets up a network

Manages network nodes

Stores network node information Routes messages between paired nodes
Semiconductors

Receives constantly
23

The Network Node

Is generally battery powered Searches for available networks

Transfers data from its application as necessary

Determines whether data is pending Requests data from the network coordinator Can sleep for extended periods
24

Semiconductors

Stack System Requirements

8-bit C, e.g. 80c51 Full protocol stack <32k

Simple node only stack ~4k

Coordinators require extra RAM node device database transaction table pairing table
Semiconductors
25

The ZigBee Alliance

Some Participants

CompXs

Semiconductors

27

Standardization Challenge
How do we make a protocol a standard?
ZigBee Alliance created with companies who share a common vision Alliance initiates need for low data rate W-PAN in IEEE, 802.15.4 is born Both MAC and PHY proposals win vote in IEEE Alliance is focussed on: Upper Layers of stack Interoperability Marketing Keep initial participants limited until spec basics Semiconductors are defined

28

ZigBee vs Bluetooth

Competition or Complementary?

Bluetooth is Best
For :
Ad-hoc networks between capable devices Handsfree audio Screen graphics, pictures File transfer

IF :

But ZigBee is Better

The Network is static Lots of devices Infrequently used Small Data Packets

Semiconductors

30

Air Interface:
ZigBee
DSSS 11 chips/ symbol 62.5 K symbols/s 4 Bits/ symbol
Peak Information Rate ~128 Kbit/second

Bluetooth
FHSS 1 M Symbol / second

Peak Information Rate ~720 Kbit/second

Semiconductors

31

ZigBee Protocol Stack Size/Complexity

Application
Application Interface Network Layer Data Link Layer MAC Layer MAC Layer PHY Layer
Silicon ZigBee Stack Application

Semiconductors

32

Bluetooth Protocol Stack Size/Complexity

User Interface
Group Call Cordless Intercom Headset vMessage Dial-up Networking vCard vNote vCal

Fax

Voice

Telephony Control Protocol

OBEX RFCOMM
(Serial Port)

Service Discovery Protocol

HOST

L2CAP Host Control Interface

Link Manager

Link Controller
Baseband RF
Silicon Bluetooth Stack Applications

MODULE

Semiconductors

33

Timing Considerations ZigBee:

New slave enumeration = 30ms typically Sleeping slave changing to active = 15ms typically Active slave channel access time = 15ms typically

Bluetooth:
New slave enumeration = >3s Sleeping slave changing to active = 3s typically Active slave channel access time = 2ms typically ZigBee protocol is optimized for timing critical applications
Semiconductors
34

Initial Enumeration
ZigBee
Coordinator

Bluetooth
Coordinator

Semiconductors

35

Power Considerations
ZigBee Bluetooth
Power model as a mobile 2+ years from normal phone (regular charging) batteries Designed to maximise Designed to optimise ad-hoc functionality slave power requirements

Application example of a light switch with respect to latency and power consumption ...

Semiconductors

36

Battery Life & Latency in a Lightswitch

Bluetooth would either : keep a counter running so that it could predict which hop frequency the light would have reached or use the inquiry procedure to find the light each time the switch was operated.

Semiconductors

37

To reduce latency, Bluetooth would:

The two devices must stay within 60 us (~1/10 of a hop) 30ppm crystals => could increase at 60us per second. Devices communicate once a second to track each other's clocks. Possibly could be improved by a factor of 100. The devices would then need to communicate once every 100 seconds to maintain synchronisation.

=> 900 communications / day with no information transfer + perhaps 4 communications on demand

99.5% Battery Power wasted

Semiconductors
38

To reduce power consumption, Bluetooth would

Undertake Bluetooth inquiry procedure when light switch operated May typically take 10 seconds using Bluetooth 1.1 ? Much Better In Bluetooth 1.2 possibly reduced to tens of ms BUT Not all requirements have been adopted yet

Semiconductors

39

Light switch Conclusion

ZigBee radio using DSSS need only perform CSMA before transmitting, a delay of only 200 us (Radio wake up time) In the case of a light switch, ZigBee offers longer battery life and lower latency than a Bluetooth equivalent.

Semiconductors

40

Solution Prices ZigBee:

Price 2003 - $6 Price 2005 - $1.5-2.5

Bluetooth:
Price Now - $10 Price 2005 - $5

Two different solutions optimised for different applications...

Semiconductors
42

Conclusion
ZigBee and Bluetooth are two solutions for two application areas

Semiconductors

43

ZigBee in Building Automation

Existing solutions are either: Power Line Carrier based (PLC)
Expensive ($15 - $40 BOM) Restricted to where there is existing power lines No mobility Interference from noisy inductance into the system (adding a fan, etc.) Security issues, PLC goes outside the home Interoperability is questionable

Or proprietary
Interoperability among various manufacturers Cost Existing RF solutions have limited capabilities
44

Semiconductors

ZigBee - Bluetooth - PLC Comparison

Zig Bee
Cost (BOM) Pow er Da ta Ra te Com p lexity Density Interop Ea se of Use La tenc y Interferenc e Sec urity
Semiconductors

Blueto o th
$10 hours 720Kb p s Med ium 7 Yes Mod era te >3s Hig h Hig h

PLC
$15-$40 N/ A 3/ 10 Mb p s Hig h 20-250 No Restric tive <15m s Hig h Low
45

$5 yea rs 250Kb p s Low 255 + Yes Sim p le 15m s Low Hig h

Thank You