Current Creates

Magnetism
Current Creates
Magnetism
Whenever a current flows through
a wire, magnetic lines of force are
created around the wire.
These lines of force are small
concentric circles formed around
the wire.
These circular lines of magnetic
force have no polarity.
Current Creates
Magnetism
Current Creates
Magnetism
The magnetic lines leave the inside
of the loop at the north pole, flow
around the outside of the loop, and
re-enter at the south pole – just
like a bar magnet.
Right-Hand Rule, Straight
Wire
The direction of current flow can
be determined by applying the
right-Hand Rule.
Right-Hand Rule, Straight
Wire
Grasp a straight conductor with
your right hand with your fingers
on the leading side of the
conductor, with your right hand
with your fingers on the leading
side of the conductor, and pointed
in the direction of the magnetic
lines of force.
Your thumb will then point in the
direction of current flow.
Electromagnetism
When a wire carrying electric
current is wound into a coil, a
magnetic field with north and
south poles is created, just as in a
bar magnet.
If an iron core is placed inside the
coil, the magnetic field becomes
much stronger because iron
conducts magnetic lines more
easily than air.
Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism
An iron core can increase the
strength of the magnetic field by
as much as 2500 times
This arrangement, called an
electromagnet, is used in
alternators to create strong
magnetic fields by winding many
turns of current-carrying wire
around iron core called pole
pieces.
Electromagnetic Facts
The number of magnetic lines of
force is proportional to the number
of ampere turns of the coil.
The number of magnetic lines of
force is inversely proportional to
the field reluctance.
Electromagnetic Facts
High reluctance = fewer lines of
force.
Lower reluctance = more lines of
force.
Electromagnetic Induction
When a magnetic field is moved
so its lines of force cut across a
wire or conductor.
When a voltage is generated by
magnetic lines of force cutting
across a conductor, the process is
called electromagnetic induction.
Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic Induction
In an alternator, the field moves,
and the conductor is stationary.
In a generator, the conductor
moves, and the field is stationary.
In an alternator, a magnet is
rotated inside the stationary
conductor so lines of force cut
across the conductor.
Electromagnetic Induction
Voltage is induced in the stationary
conductor, called a stator.
The rotating magnet is called the
rotor.
Right – Hand Rule for Coils
With lines of force leaving the coil
at one end and entering at the
other, a north and south pole are
formed at the coil ends, the same
as in a bar magnet.
To find polarity of the coil ends,
apply the Right-Hand Rule for coils.
If the current direction through the
coil is reversed, the polarity of the
coil ends will also reverse.
Relay Operation
Relay Operation
A relay, which is actually a switch,
provides a way to control a large
amount of current with a small
amount.
Typically, a relay has both a
control circuit and a power circuit.
The control circuit is fed current by
the power source.
Relay Operation
The current flows through a switch
and an electromagnetic coil to
ground.
The power circuit is likewise fed
current from the power source,
and the current flows to an
armature, which can be attracted
by the magnetic force on the coil.
Relay Operation
When the control circuit switch is
open, no current flows to the relay
and the coil is not energized.
The contacts are open and no
power goes to the loads.
Relay Operation
When the control circuit switch is
closed, however, current flows to
the relay and energizes the coil.
Relay Operation
The resulting magnetic field allows
power to the load by pulling the
armature down and closing the
contacts.
Solenoid Operation
Solenoid Operation
Solenoid Operation
Solenoids are electromagnetic
switches.
The solenoid’s movable core
converts current flow into
mechanical movement.
In a pulling-type solenoid, the
magnetic field pulls the core into
the coil or holds the core in place.
These solenoids are called
magnetic switches.
Solenoid Operation
In a push-pull-type solenoid, the
core is a permanent magnet.
The core is pulled in or pushed out
when current flow direction is
changed.
Solenoids are now being used in
automatic transmissions to control
shifting.
They eliminate the need for a TV
cable and governor.