Learning Objectives

By the end of the lesson I will be able to: 1) Understand the process of electrolysis.

2) Explain how we can use electrolysis to extract aluminium from its ore.

Match up the words with their descriptions

Test for Oxygen Test for Hydrogen Electrolyte The substance being broken down Positive electrode Makes a popping noise when lit Splitting a substance using electricity Relights a glowing splint Negative electrode

Anode
Cathode Anion

Cation
Electrolysis

Positive ion
Negative ion

Electrolysis is splitting up substances using electricity (Lysis is latin for splitting)

What is electrolysis?
Electric current is used to breakdown a substance made up of ions An electrolyte is the name for the substance being broken down

Dont get stressed in the exam: Remember PANIC

Positive Anode Negative Is Cathode

Electrolysis of Molten NaCl

ANODE

CATHODE

The metal goes to the cathode and the non metal goes to the anode.
Na+ Na+ ClNa+

ClNa+

Cl-

Cl-

+
positive electrode (anode)

negative electrode
(cathode)

Zn+

Zn+ ClClZn+ ClZn+

Cl-

Zn+

Zn+
ClZn+ ClClZn+ Cl-

molten zinc chloride (ions free to move)

The positively charged zinc ions are attracted to the negative electrode
ClZn+ Cl-

Zn+

ClZn+ ClZn+ ClZn+

The negatively charged chloride ions are attracted to the positive electrode

Zn+ + Zn Zn+Zn+

ClClClCl-

Zn+ Cl-

True or False
Electrolysis is the splitting of a substance using electricity. The anode is negative. Anions are negative Aluminium oxide is found in bauxite. Cathode is negative. Cations are negative.

At the electrodes
The ions become atoms by either gaining or losing electrons.
Zinc ions need to gain electrons Zn2+ + 2 e- Zn Chloride ions need to lose electrons. (Chlorine gas (Cl2) is formed so we need 2 ions):

2 Cl- Cl2 + 2 e-

Some examples for you to try

1. Copper (II) Chloride
2. Nickel (II) Bromide 3. Zinc (II) Iodide

Predict the product at each electrode, write the ion electron equations and show the overall reaction taking place.

Answers
1. Copper (II) Chloride
Anode -

Answers
1. Copper (II) Chloride
Anode - Chlorine gas Cl2

Answers
1. Copper (II) Chloride
Anode - Chlorine gas Cl2 2 Cl- Cl2 + 2e-

Answers
1. Copper (II) Chloride
Anode - Chlorine gas Cl2 2 Cl- Cl2 + 2eCathode

Answers
1. Copper (II) Chloride
Anode - Chlorine gas Cl2 2 Cl- Cl2 + 2eCathode Copper metal Cu

Answers
1. Copper (II) Chloride
Anode - Chlorine gas Cl2 2 Cl- Cl2 + 2eCathode Copper metal Cu Cu2+ + 2e- Cu

Answers
1. Copper (II) Chloride
Anode - Chlorine gas Cl2 2 Cl- Cl2 + 2eCathode Copper metal Cu Cu2+ + 2e- Cu Overall

Answers
1. Copper (II) Chloride
Anode - Chlorine gas Cl2 2 Cl- Cl2 + 2eCathode Copper metal Cu Cu2+ + 2e- Cu Overall CuCl2 Cu + Cl2

Answers
2. Nickel (II) Bromide
Anode -

Answers
2. Nickel (II) Bromide
Anode - Bromine Br2

Answers
2. Nickel (II) Bromide
Anode - Bromine Br2 2 Br- Br2 + 2e-

Answers
2. Nickel (II) Bromide
Anode - Bromine Br2 2 Br- Br2 + 2eCathode

Answers
2. Nickel (II) Bromide
Anode - Bromine Br2 2 Br- Br2 + 2eCathode Nickel metal Ni

Answers
2. Nickel (II) Bromide
Anode - Bromine Br2 2 Br- Br2 + 2eCathode Nickel metal Ni Ni2+
- Ni + 2e

Answers
2. Nickel (II) Bromide
Anode - Bromine Br2 2 Br- Br2 + 2eCathode Nickel metal Ni Overall Ni2+
- Ni + 2e

Answers
2. Nickel (II) Bromide
Anode - Bromine Br2 2 Br- Br2 + 2eCathode Nickel metal Ni Overall NiBr2 Ni + Br2 Ni2+
- Ni + 2e

Answers
3. Zinc (II) Iodide
Anode -

Answers
3. Zinc (II) Iodide
Anode - Iodine I2

Answers
3. Zinc (II) Iodide
Anode - Iodine I2 2I- I2 + 2e-

Answers
3. Zinc (II) Iodide
Anode - Iodine I2 Cathode 2I- I2 + 2e-

Answers
3. Zinc (II) Iodide
Anode - Iodine I2 2I- I2 + 2e-

Cathode Zinc metal Zn

Answers
3. Zinc (II) Iodide
Anode - Iodine I2 2I- I2 + 2eZn2+
- Zn + 2e

Cathode Zinc metal Zn

Answers
3. Zinc (II) Iodide
Anode - Iodine I2 2I- I2 + 2eZn2+
- Zn + 2e

Cathode Zinc metal Zn Overall

Answers
3. Zinc (II) Iodide
Anode - Iodine I2 2I- I2 + 2eZn2+
- Zn + 2e

Cathode Zinc metal Zn Overall Zn I2 Zn + I2

Compound
Sodium Bromide Potassium Iodide

Anode

Cathode

Calcium Fluoride
Magnesium Oxide Lithium Chloride

O.I.L.R.I.G.
Oxidation is loss of electrons Reduction is gain of electrons

= bromide ion = lead ion

At the cathode: Pb+ gains electrons to form lead metal. It is REDUCED.

At the anode: Br- loses electrons to form bromine gas. It is OXIDISED.

Cathode

Anode

Cathode Negative Positive ions attracted REDUCTION happens here ( positive ions gain electrons)

Anode Positive Negative ions attracted OXIDATION happens here (negative ions lose electrons

Stand up sit down

1. One person names a topic. 2. All pupils write a key word to do with the topic on a whiteboard 3. The person who chose the topic has 30 seconds to name as many key words to do with the topic as they can. 4. If the word the pupil has written down is said they have to sit down. 5. The aim for the topic chooser is to get everyone to sit down. 6. The aim for the pupils writing down a word is to out fox the topic chooser with a relevant but obscure word.