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INDUSTRIES
RISK IDENTIFICATION,
MITIGATION & HANDLING
Abhijit Das
LOSS PREVENTION ASSOCIATION
OF INDIA LTD.
MAJOR FIRE LOSSES
(Rupees in Crores)
Year
Type of 94-9 9-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98
Industry
Engineering 12.37 2.35 2.9 65.3 52.01 54.28
Industry (6) (2) (1) (15) (10) (13)
Textile Industry 35.25 15.33 22.18 91.38 12.53 81.55
(5) (4) (5) (23) (5) (13)
Chemical 9.15 2.75 30.91 99.8 15.70 283.87
Industry (4) (2) (10) (11) (6) (15)
Petro Chemical 21.9 - 2.8 17.6 - 4.09
Industry (5) - (1) (4) - (2)
Others 1.0 10.65 - 83.75 12.55 63.39
(1) (5) - (20) (9) (11)
Total 79.67 31.26 83.87 357.23 92.79 488.18
• Source : Annual Reports of GIC
• Figures in Bracket indicate no of fire losses amounting more than Rs. 1.0
Place Year Approx. Cause
Loss of
Life
Feyzin, 1966 18 LPG: BLEVE
France
Flixborough, 1974 51 UVCE of
U.K. Cyclohexane
Mexico City, 1984 500 LPG: BLEVE
Mexico
Bhopal, India 1984 2000 Release of MIC
Pasadena, 1989 23 UVCE of
USA Isobutane
Vizag, India 1997 58 UVCE of LPG
FEYZIN, 04.01.1966, FRANCE
FEYZIN DISASTER
4TH JAN. 1966 FRANCE
18 KILLED, 81 INJURED
LEAK IN 1200 M3 PROPANE SPHERE
BLEVE - FURTHER SPHERE
TOPPLED
- ADJACENT PETROL
TANK CAUGHT FIRE
- 48 HRS TO GAIN
CONTROL
40 T METHYL ISOCYANATE
(MIC) LEAKED
WORST INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT
8000 PEOPLE DIED
IMMEDIATELY AND OVER
500,000 PEOPLE SUFFERED
FROM INJURIES
MANY DIED DUE TO DELAYED
MEDICAL TREATMENT (UNION
CARBIDE WITHHELD
TOXOLOGICAL INFORMATION)
PASADENA, 23.10.1989, USA
“PHILLIPS” Pasadena Texas USA
23rd Oct. 1989
23 Deaths 130 Injuries
Vapour Cloud explosion
Loss US$ 500 Millions
FIRE & EXPLOSION IN
HPCL REFINERY VIZAG
7th Sept.1997
Capacity - 6.5 million tons per annum
Facility for handling LPG
Vapour clould Explosion involving
LPG
LOSS Rs. 256Cr.
Life Loss 58
RISK MANAGEMENT
RISK
PROBABILITY OF HAZARD
RESULTING AN ACCIDENT.
Strategic
Management
Operations Risk
Management Management
RISK IDENTIFICATION
RISK ANALYSIS
•FIRE/ EXPLOSION
•VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION
•FORMATION OF TOXIC
ATMOSPHERE
Different Terminologies of Hazardous
Situations
•Pool Fire
•Jet Fire
•Flash/ Cloud Fire
•Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCE)
•High Pressure Rupture
•BLEVE
•Release of Toxic Gases/ Liquids
Heat Radiation levels and Damage Effects
(As per API 521)
• LC (Lethal Concentration)
•IDLH (Immediate Danger to Life &
Health)
•ERPG (Emergency Response
Planning Guideline)
THE FIRST STAGE OF RISK
ASSESSMENT IN A PROCESS
PLANT ESSENTIALLY CONSISTS
OF THREE STEPS:
2. IDENTIFYING THE HAZARD
3. ESTIMATING THE EFFECTS OR
CONSEQUENCES OF THE HAZARD
4. DETERMINING PROBABILITY OR
LIKELIHOOD OF OCCURRENCE OF
HAZARDOUS EVENT
THE NEXT STEP OF RISK
ASSESSMENT
TO DETERMINE WHETHER
EFFECTS OF THE CONSEQUENCE
AND THE PROBABAILITY OF
OCCURRENCE OF THE HAZARD IS
WITHIN THE ACCEPTABLE LIMIT
OR NOT.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
METHODOLOGY
HAZARDS IN PROCESS PLANTS ARE PRIMARILY
IDENTIFIED BASED ON FOLLOWING INFORMATION
•HAZARDOUS PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
•TYPE OF UNIT PROCESS/ OPERATION
•OPERATING PARAMETERS
•ANY OTHER RELEVENT DATA
•LEGISLATION
•CUSTOMER ATTITUDE
•SOCIETAL EXPECTATIONS
•MANAGEMENT ATTITUDES
RETENTION OF RISK
IS BUSINESS
&
RETENTION OF
CUSTOMER IS
PROGRESS
THANK YOU
PETER F. DUKER
“To try to eliminate Risk in
Business Enterprises is Futile”.
“Risk is inherent to the
commitment of present resources
to future expectations”.
Indeed, economic progress can be
defined as the ability to take
greater RISKS. Even the attempt to
minimise them, can only make
them irrational and unbearable.