Specialized Types of Testing v3.0

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Specialized Types of Testing Learner
Session 1: Specialized Types of Testing
2007, Cognizant Technology Solutions. All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.
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About the Author

Created By: Credential Information: Version and Date: Gopinath Mandala (199227) ; Mathuram Subrahmanian (105686) Gopi has over 14 year of industry experience Mathuram has over 11 years of experience and holds a PMP and CMST V0.1 08-April-2011
Cognizant Certified Official Curriculum
Icons Used
Hands on Exercise
Questions
Tools
Coding Standards
Test Your Understandin g
Reference
Try it Out
A Welcome Break
Contacts
Specialized Types of Testing Session [1]: Overview
Introduction: This session will give a brief overview of various specialized types of testing and how they are different from the standard functional testing
Specialized Types of Testing Session[1]: Objective

Objective: After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
Describe each specialized type of testing List the unique aspects of each of them List the tools and techniques used for each of the specialized types of testing
Types of Testing
Accessibility Testing Agile Development Testing Batch Testing Compatibility Testing Localization Testing Usability Testing Migration Testing
Accessibility Testing
Accessibility Testing ensures that people with disabilities can also access, perceive, understand, navigate and contribute to the Web
What is it?
The goal is to evaluate web applications against standard Accessibility guidelines and are verified with help of assistive technology based on the user disabilities Section 508 Compliance DDA (Disability Discrimination Act) WCAG Testing Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
Sample accessibility requirements/guidelines

Accessibility Testing (Contd.)
Visual Impairments: Blind, Low Vision
A refreshable Braille display or Braille terminal is an electro-mechanical device for displaying Braille characters, usually by means of raising dots through holes in a flat surface The user reads the Braille letters with fingers, and then, after a line is read, can refresh the display to read the next line
Real World Example
Mobility Impairments/Dexterity: Person who cannot use keyboard or mouse
Joysticks used by hand, feet, chin, etc. and can be used to control the cursor on screen Speech recognition or voice recognition programs, allow people to give commands and enter data using their voices rather than a mouse or keyboard
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Hearing/Learning difficulties impairments
Accessibility Testing (Contd.)
Focus on compliance to accessibility guidelines and legal requirements

Identify the accessibility guidelines
Unique Aspects
Test the application against accessibility guidelines (WCAG/Section 508/DDA) manually or using tools
Validate the application using HTML and CSS validators
Validate the application with assistive technologies (JAWS, Super Nova) supported
Report the accessibility issues identified
Accessibility Testing
Web Accessibility Toolbar (WAT)
for IE & Opera browsers for Firefox browser
Tools & Techniques
WAVE
IBM Rational Policy Tester Accessibility Edition
helps ensure Web site accessibility to all users by monitoring for over 170 comprehensive accessibility checks JAWS Screen Reader SuperNova Screen Magnifier
Assistive Technologies:

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Types of Testing
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Agile Development Testing

Waterfall Vs Agile Waterfall
All Requirements
DESIGN CODE TEST
-> All requirements 100% usable
Agile
DESIGN CODE TEST
Sprint 1
DESIGN
-> Sprint 1 requirements are 100% usable

TEST
CODE
Sprint 2
DESIGN CODE
-> Sprint 1,2 requirements are 100% usable -> Sprint 1,2,3 requirements are 100% usable
CODE TEST
Sprint 3
TEST
DESIGN
Sprint 4
->Requirements catered in all the sprints are 100% usable

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Agile Development Testing (Contd.)
Testing approach followed when the development methodology is Agile XP Agile Engineering methodology or Scrum Agile Management methodology may be used
What is it?
13
Sample Project Overview
A retail shopping mart offers many products like apparels, books, CDs, Toys and so on. The shopping mart also has many outlets in the country. They want to create an online shopping interface for their customers. They decide to start this with their flagship product Apparel and later expand to books and CDs
Real World Example
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Requirements for an Online Shopping portal for a retail shopping mart
Sprint 1
The images of the apparels hosted by the mart should be available in the portal with the price. The users should be able to search for an apparel from the portal. The users should be able to place the order for the apparel(s) using payment through Credit/Debit card or Net Banking.
1. 2. 3.
Sprint 2
The portal should host the images of the books to be purchased by the users. The users should be able to purchase the books online. Portal should have a feature to publish the list of similar books on the same topic for every book that is selected by the user. The users should be able to submit the book reviews for the books they have purchased using the portal. The book reviews submitted by the users should be available for reference to the other users.
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4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

DESIGN CODE TEST
Sprint 1
DESIGN
-> Sprint 1 requirements are 100% usable

TEST
CODE
Sprint 2
-> Sprint 1,2 requirements are 100% usable
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Development and Testing happens almost in parallel Very less documentation Most of the test cases are automated as they need to be executed for future iterations Testers, Developers, Business Analysts and other teams work collaboratively Testing is done continuously for the short releases
Unique Aspects
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Automation tools

QTP Rational Robot Winrunner
Tools & Techniques
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Types of Testing
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Batch Testing
Business processes which require intervention from users in terms of input data, decisions etc. are developed as online applications for e.g., Login page required user to enter ID and Password Business processes which do not require any intervention from users and are not real time based on user demand, are developed as batch applications. For e.g., payroll processing for employees in a company Batches typically deal with large
What is it?
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Batch Testing (Contd.)
Payroll processing of our company which involves sequential execution of the batch jobs
Real World Example
This does not need any user inputs. The only input required is the month which can be predefined in an input file. Rest of the data such as the pay structure etc. is available in the database The output of this process, namely the salary of employee, is not required real time. This process needs to be carried out only once a month during a specific day This deals with high volume of salary transaction records of all the employees The process is quite intensive and may interfere with the performance of other online applications deployed on the same
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There is no user interface unlike applications testing. The inputs are provided through defined files or configurations and output is verified in the database or output files The test steps are minimal since there is no navigation across screens as in applications The verifications points are many at the end of a single batch and requires validation across many different tables for verification of expected results Dependency on the transactions need to be taken into consideration while planning. Jobs need to be sequentially run to ensure each job receives the necessary input from the previous job appropriately Appropriate error notifications and audit trails to be tested
Unique Aspects
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Dataset Classifier File Evaluator Most of the tools used for interfacing with back end databases or files are used for batch testing. E.g.. TOAD for Oracle
Tools & Techniques
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Types of Testing
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Compatibility Testing
Non-functional tests conducted on software/ applications to evaluate their compatibility with different computing environment parameters like
What is it?
Operating System, Browser, Compiler, Database, Hardware and other System Software
Required in situations where an application or a product is likely to be used by end users who might be using various combinations of OS, Browser, DB, H/W etc
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Compatibility Testing (Contd.)
Browser Compatibility
Functioning of web page features, layouts on multiple versions of IE (6.0, 7.0, 8.0), Firefox (3.0, 3.5, 3.6), Chrome etc eCom site such as amazon.com running on Windows and Mac OS Printers, Fax machines of different make, configurations e.g. Print an e-ticket or boarding pass using a print module in the application
Real World Example
OS compatibility
H/W Compatibility
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Illustration:
Same piece of code showing different outputs on two different browsers
Real World Example
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More focus on number of combinations to test
Unique Aspects
e.g. 3 browsers with 4 versions on 3 OS versions would mean 36 times the effort of a single test
Balance of Coverage vs. Cost Selection of most important combinations

Most critical Most problematic
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Techniques
Orthogonal Array Test Specification/ Pairwise Cognizant Tools TNO Allpairs Gomez Tool for remote Infrastructure requirements. E.g. to deploy OS of multiple languages/regions
Tools & Techniques
Tools

Opensource Tools
COTS
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Types of Testing
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Localization Testing
Applications built for global market should be rendered in the user language of that country Testing of multi-language applications customized for a particular language of the local market
What is it?
Checks how well the build has been Localized into a particular target language
User selects language
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Localization Testing (Contd.)

Screenshot of a software localized for Italy
Real World Example
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Localization Testing (Contd.)
Focus is more on the aspects given of the localized software

Text Filters Hot keys Spelling Rules Sorting Rules Upper and Lower case conversions Printers Size of Papers Mouse operations Date formats Rulers and Measurements Voice User Interface language/accent Video Content Compliance with local laws and regulations
Unique Aspects
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Types of Testing
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Usability Testing
Measuring how well people can use some human-made object (such as a web page, a computer interface, a document, or a device) for its intended purpose 3 Modes of conducting Usability tests
What is it?
Laboratory Usability Testing
Testers and Users at the lab Testers and Users at Users work/home environment Users at their own work/home environments Testers remotely recording events/notes
Onsite Observations
Remote Usability Testing

35
Usability Testing (Contd.)
Testing of eCommerce web sites
Amazon, eBay OS menu, features, booting/restarting time etc. Mobile handset features
Real World Example
Desktop and mobile applications

Typical Lab Setup

36
Usability Testing (Contd.)
Performance
How much time, and how many steps, are required for people to complete basic tasks? How many mistakes did people make? How much does the person remember afterwards or after periods of non-use? How does the person feel about the tasks completed? Is the person confident, stressed? Would the user recommend this system to a friend?
Unique Aspects
Accuracy
Recall
Emotional Response
37
Usability Testing
Evaluate Application (based on the aspects of UI Evaluation) and Identify Usability issues Categorize usability issues (based on Heuristic Principles) Assign severity levels to each issue
Unique Aspects
UI Evaluation
Evaluation Report
User profiling Select the representative users Identify scenarios for each user groups
User Study
Conduct test with representative users Usability testing team observe the users Conduct debriefing session with users
Testing with users

Test Report
Walkthrough with Developers, Business/Domain Experts & Usability Experts
Pluralistic Walkthrough
Walkthrough Report
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Usability Testing
Recording equipment

Lotus Screencam BugDeo
Tools & Techniques
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Types of Testing
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Migration Testing
Applications may be migrated from one environment to the other due for
What is it?
Better business experience for customers increasing speed and improved accessibility of applications Improved Productivity by user friendly systems which enhance the ability to perform regular transactions quickly Better scalability Improved performance of the application / database Merger of two different organizations ex. Merger of Lloyds and HBOS in US Spin off of an organization from its Parent ex. Spin off of Ameriprise as a new Organization from American Express
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Migration Testing (Contd.)
Migration Testing ensures that the application behaves the same way / data is in tact after migrating from one environment to the other except for the specific additional requirements included for migration
What is it?
42
Migration Testing (Cond.)

Legacy Technology Modernized Technology
Application Platforms
COBOL
CICS KW CSP
.NET
Database
DB2
SQL Server
Operating Systems
MVS
Windows
Hardware
IBM Mainframe
Intel Based Hardware
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Compare the results and the defects occurring in existing environment and migrated environment Data comparison based on Data mapping document More focus on choosing the Test data Logging of test results in both old and new environments
Unique Aspects
Test results are compared and variances are raised as defects
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Techniques

Parallel Testing Data Comparator tools
Tools & Techniques
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Testing Types: By Technology

Data warehouse Testing Handheld Testing IVR Testing Mainframe Testing Mobile Testing Security/Penetration Testing SOA Testing Product Testing Package Implementation Testing
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Data Warehouse(DW) Testing
Software applications which are used to obtain data inputs from users and process data stores the data in a normalized database to ensure data integrity However this data storage does not lend itself to easy retrieval of data for reporting and decision making Data warehouse (DW) concepts are introduced to allow the data to be retrieved, processed, stored and analyzed in a fashion to aid decision support systems
What is it?
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Data Warehouse(DW) Testing (Contd.)
DW Components

ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) Tool Database Reporting tools & Facilitating tools
Data Modeling tools
DW Testing Objective
Data loaded in to the target must balance to the data loaded from the data source
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Data Warehouse (DW) Testing (Contd.)
Data Quality
Unique Aspects
Correctness of data Data misses/loss during loading of data at multiple stages Transformation rules against business requirements DW performance at various levels of Load, Speed and System Resources availability Vulnerability Tests
Data Completeness
Data Transformation
Performance & Scalability
Data Security
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Data Warehouse (DW) Testing (Contd.)
ETL
Informatica Teradata BO (Business Objects) Microstrategy
Tools & Techniques
DB
BI

50

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Handheld Testing
Handhelds are used in situations which need specific software application usage in remote locations and also need a mechanism to transfer information back to the centralized location Common Usage Scenarios
What is it?
By sales representatives, to scan their products in the customers place and the warehouse and update their inventory By courier services, to get confirmation of the delivery from customers By electricity departments to generate electricity bills By transportation departments to generate tickets
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Handheld Testing (Contd.)
Sample HH device
What is it?
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1. District Sales Leader assigns tasks and set Targets to Route Sales Rep 2.RSRs reach customer locations
3. RSRs Create Orders for Customers
8. Acknowledge & Payment (Order Completion)
Scenario at a Consumer Goods Unit
4. Ordered items get Manufactured
7. Delivery of items at the Customer location
5. Processed Orders are picked from the Warehouse
6. Routes and Truck allocations optimizes for Transportation
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HH Devices Building
Automated or Manual loading of code/patches on to HH
Unique Aspects
Memory Testing Remote Software Deployment Testing
Simulating automated build deployments, as in Production Bluetooth connectivity Battery strength and longevity different field locations for varying signal strength and connectivity options (wireless, Bluetooth) WIN CE, Linux or Unix etc. Browser Compatibility Testing
Cellular Testing

Mobility Testing
Compatibility Testing

Localization/Internationalization
55

TestQuest Pro (TQP) DeviceAnywhere Pro
Tools & Techniques
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Data warehouse Testing Handheld Testing IVR Testing Mainframe Testing Mobile Testing Security/Penetration Testing SoA Testing Product Testing Package Implementation Testing
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IVR Testing
Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system is used by companies to service high call volumes, provide better user experience and reduce the operational cost of using live agents to answer customer calls If the caller does not find information from IVR, then they can be re-directed to a live agent
What is it?
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IVR Testing (Contd.)
Following are the components of a typical IVR system:
What is it?
PSTN/Caller
any caller who needs some information. Client for IVR systems Translates users voice to raw data and vice versa Business logic to retrieve the requested information Host for the data
IVR (Interactive Voice Response) System

Database
IVR System
Customer Service Executives(CSE)

Caller/ PSTN Database
Customer Service Executives

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IVR as the auto reception for greeting and redirecting using phones touch pad IVR for segmenting customers to specific group of support agents using speech recognition
Real World Example
60
Prior Representative Validation
Unique Aspects
minimum authentication before connecting to an CSR
Text To Speech Validation (TTS) WAVE File Testing

Functional Testing Data Validation
Data conversion to wave files etc
Voice Recognition Speech Testing STATS Testing
61

Routing to CSR Validation Response Time Validation Confirmation Validation
Unique Aspects
relative confidence that the words spoken by the caller were correctly interpreted by the recognition engine
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63
Mainframe Testing
Text intensive
What is it?
no complexity of images etc
Dominant Cobol programming
Connect to MF Testers & Developers use 3270 Emulators on Windows
Online Apps Create & Test Batch Apps
64
Mainframe Testing (Contd.)
Sample COBOL code in an Editor:
65
Mainframe Testing (Contd.)
Screenshots from Sample Mainframe Online applications
6. Routes and Truck allocations optimizes for Transportation
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Mainframe Testing
Triggers
online triggers, batch triggers
Validation of screens/JCLs against business flow Batch testing Unique Aspects
rexx/jcl, batch verification against manual verification
Checkpoints and restarts Debug/trace requirements
Error msgs for batches as well
Traceability b/w test scenarios and Jcls Batch timings v/s offshore hrs
productive window during exec
Report testing, printer setup Migration: Assembler to COBOL conversion etc

67
Mainframe Testing
DB/File utilities
FileAid
Tools & Techniques
comparison, export to windows
QMF, Spufi Attachmate Extra Personal Communications Configuration Mgmt Command and File Editor Language Interpreter
3270 Emulators for Windows

Endevor (NDVR)
TSO/ISPF
Rexx/Clist
68

69
Mobile Testing
manufacturing/ assembly defects
ISO etc
Stability and Quality
Support by Mobile Content Providers (EnableM, Arphiola, FMD etc.)
Cognizant Testing Service Offerings
70
Mobile Testing (Contd.)
Agile Development methodology used in most projects Services

Unique Aspects
SMS, MMS Infrared, Radio, Internet, Gaming, Bluetooth, Camera, Video PlayerMP3 Player GSM (900- 1800 Mhz) CDMA (800- 1900 Mhz) GPRS WCDMA EDGE WLAN (Wi-Fi) (2.4 Ghz) UMTS WiMAX (2 -11 Ghz)
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Networks

72

Sun J2ME Wireless toolkit Nokia Developers Suite for J2ME The WHITEboardTM SDK Motorola iDEN SDK 1.0.0 for J2ME JavaTM 2 Platform

Tools & Techniques
Standard Edition(J2SETM) Micro Edition(J2METM)
JBuilder (Borland) Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ (With JavaME plugin) Forte for Java (Sun Microsystems) VisualAge for Java (IBM)
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74
Security/Penetration Testing
A penetration test, occasionally pentest, is a method of evaluating the security of a computer system or network by simulating an attack from a malicious source Penetration tests can also be described as "full disclosure" (white box), "partial disclosure" (grey box), or "blind" (black box) tests based on the amount of information provided to the testing party
What is it?
75
Security/Penetration Testing (Contd.)

Vulnerability Type Example Attack Scenario
The application uses non-secure data in the construction of the following vulnerable SQL call: String query = "SELECT * FROM accounts WHEREcustID='" + request.getParameter("id") +"'";
Prevention Methods
The preferred option is to use a safe API which avoids the use of the interpreter entirely or provides a parameterized interface. If a parameterized API is not available, you should carefully escape special characters using the specific escape syntax for that interpreter Positive or white list input validation with appropriate canonicalization is also recommended.
Injection
The hacker modifies the id parameter in their browser to send: ' or '1'='1. This changes the meaning of the query to return all the records from the accounts database, instead of only the intended customers. http://example.com/app/accountView ?id=' or '1'='1 In the worst case, the hacker uses this weakness to invoke special stored procedures in the database that enable a complete takeover of the database and possibly even the server hosting the 6. Routes and Truck allocations optimizes for database Transportation
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1. Application Discovery Application Walkthrough Understand Core Functionality Infrastructure Set up 2. Tool Setup Tool installation Tool configuration
Unique Aspects
3. Test Execution Re-scan Application Scanning Manual Test Cases Execution
5. Remediation Fix Vulnerabilities
4. Analysis & Reporting Validate test results; Eliminate false positives Index vulnerabilities; Business Impact Analysis Preparation of Reports; Recommend fixes
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HP WebInspect IBM Appscan Nessus Wireshark
Tools & Techniques
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SOA Testing
Evolution of SOA
Modular Design Code

What is it?
Issue: Need to re-use code for reducing complexity With modular design, programmers could write subroutines and functions and reuse their code Disadvantage: Copying functionality code in multiple applications made maintenance cumbersome
Object Oriented Software
Concept of Object Oriented programming was introduced to enable re-use of code without maintenance hitch Disadvantage: Enabled maintenance and re-use of code but not that of functionality
Component based Software

Another abstraction layer in form of components was introduced Disadvantage: Need for functionality to work across varied platforms, protocols, devices, internet etc. seamlessly
Service Oriented Architecture
Platform independent interface could be built with SOA whose services could be consumed from any other application needing the functionality Need for Protocols and platforms are eliminated and the applications integrate seamlessly 80
SOA Testing (Contd.)

What is it?
81
Amazon The data layer is exposed as services and is used for transactions across the board DreamWorks - They made movies such as Shrek, Shrek2 etc. They have implemented services that is being (re)used in their new applications/processes EBay has a common enterprise information model that abstract data from underlying systems. This common model is accessed via services. This service invocation & data access layer is built on component-oriented & service-oriented Concepts. EBay claims this has helped them in on-boarding new functionality such as PayPal without downtime. EBay is currently our customer.
Real World Example
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BPM Validation
Services Orchestration Testing: To ensure that the sequence of service calls made to various systems will not leave any of the systems in an inconsistent state Routing, Message Format Transformation between service and the requestor etc Black box testing Tests against DOS(Denial-Of-Service), attacks, penetration, high volumes of spam data etc Compliance to with best practices, architectural principles, government regulations, laws, and other determining factors
Unique Aspects
ESB
Web Services & Data Access Services
Security
Governance
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SOA Testing

Quick Test Professional from HP LISA from iTKO
Tools & Techniques
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85
Product Testing
Testing of a software product which is typically a single application or a suite of applications built by a software company to be used by many customers or businesses or consumers Some of the other types of testing done while testing a product are

What is it?
Compatibility testing Security testing Disaster recovery testing Localization testing Internationalization testing Performance testing
86
Product Testing (Contd.)
Consumer software products Microsoft Office Business software products - Oracle 10g Product Hosted
Ex: Ebay, Etrade
Real World Example
Non Hosted
Installable
Ex: Microsoft office, QTP
Platform
Ex: Oracle, SAP
87
Product Testing (Contd.)

Product testing
Since the user group is not fixed, testing plan should consider wide range of users
Customized application testing

Testing is planned with a focused user group in mind
Requirements is collected from market surveys Requirements are comprehensive, as they are provided by the and users perceived usage and most of the user group, currently using the application or who are time they are ambiguous expected to use the application. and Testing done by selective end users for Test done by client to validate the requirements acceptance End User Environment can be specified, but no End User Environment can be prescribed and controlled direct control over varied user populations Cost of Defect is very high, as any defect passed to the product will cause both tangible and intangible loss to the Organization Requirements evolve with varying product dynamics Customization is possible Cost of defect is not very high, the application can be rolled back to its previous version in case of defect.
Requirements are based on its existing user requirements Customization not possible
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89
Package Implementation Testing
Testing of a software package which is created for a common purpose and can be customized and implemented for customers if it suits the need Some of the other types of testing done while testing a package implementation are

What is it?
Localization testing Internationalization testing
90
Package Implementation Testing (Contd.)

ERP packages SAP, Oracle-PeopleSoft CRM packages
Real World Example
ERP Package
ERP Package customized and implemented for an organization
HRMS
ESA
Interfaces
Existing Systems
ELM Finance
Interfaces
91
Package Implementation Testing (Contd.)
Focuses more on the customization requirements for the customer Testing of the basic package functionality is the responsibility of the package vendor Scope of Implementation testing will include only the customization requirements Scope might also include the interfaces with other custom coded, existing applications
Unique Aspects
92
Allow time for questions from participants
93
Test Your Understanding

1.
2. 3.
List the various types of testing based on the technology. List a few examples for Migration Testing. What is unique about the Package Implementation testing?
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Specialized Types of Testing Session 1 : Summary
Each type of testing is unique and varies based on the following

Technology Nature of change Development methodology Business requirements Nature of application
Testing for these Specialized types may not be the same as the functional testing but would need to consider the unique aspects for it
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Specialized Types of Testing Session 1: Source
Respective CoEs and experts
Disclaimer: Parts of the content of this course is based on the materials available from the Web sites and books listed above. The materials that can be accessed from linked sites are not maintained by Cognizant Academy and we are not responsible for the contents thereof. All trademarks, service marks, and trade names in this course are the marks of the respective owner(s).
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Specialized Types of Testing Learner

Session 1: Specialized Types of Testing

About the Author

Cognizant Certified Official Curriculum

Test Your Understandin g

Specialized Types of Testing Session [1]: Overview

Specialized Types of Testing Session[1]: Objective

Sample accessibility requirements/guidelines

Accessibility Testing (Contd.)

Visual Impairments: Blind, Low Vision

Real World Example

Mobility Impairments/Dexterity: Person who cannot use keyboard or mouse

Hearing/Learning difficulties impairments

Accessibility Testing (Contd.)

Focus on compliance to accessibility guidelines and legal requirements

Validate the application using HTML and CSS validators

Report the accessibility issues identified

Web Accessibility Toolbar (WAT)

for IE & Opera browsers for Firefox browser

Tools & Techniques

IBM Rational Policy Tester Accessibility Edition

Agile Development Testing

-> All requirements 100% usable

-> Sprint 1 requirements are 100% usable

->Requirements catered in all the sprints are 100% usable

Agile Development Testing (Contd.)

Agile Development Testing (Contd.)

Sample Project Overview

Real World Example

Agile Development Testing (Contd.)

Requirements for an Online Shopping portal for a retail shopping mart

Agile Development Testing (Contd.)

-> Sprint 1 requirements are 100% usable

-> Sprint 1,2 requirements are 100% usable

Agile Development Testing (Contd.)

Agile Development Testing (Contd.)

QTP Rational Robot Winrunner

Tools & Techniques

Batch Testing (Contd.)

Real World Example

Batch Testing (Contd.)

Batch Testing (Contd.)

Tools & Techniques

Compatibility Testing (Contd.)

Real World Example

Compatibility Testing (Contd.)

Same piece of code showing different outputs on two different browsers

Real World Example

Compatibility Testing (Contd.)

More focus on number of combinations to test

Balance of Coverage vs. Cost Selection of most important combinations

Most critical Most problematic

Compatibility Testing (Contd.)

Tools & Techniques

Localization Testing (Contd.)

Localization Testing (Contd.)

Focus is more on the aspects given of the localized software

Laboratory Usability Testing

Remote Usability Testing

Usability Testing (Contd.)

Testing of eCommerce web sites

Real World Example