Presented by:

ARABINDA TANDI
REGD NO: 0801289143 BRANCH: IT

Guided by:
Dayal Ku. Behera

*
1. 2. 3.
Introduction . Structure. Components.

* Space Segment * Control Segment * User Segment 4. How it works.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Error Source.
Error. Advantages. Disadvantages. Advanced Technology in GPS.

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense.

GPS was originally intended for military applications, but in the 1980s, the government made the system available for civilian use. GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. There are no subscription fees or setup charges to use GPS.

*The current GPS consists of three major segments. These

are the space segment (SS), a control segment (CS) and a user segment.

*24 GPS space vehicles(SVs). *Satellites orbit the earth in 12 hrs. *6 orbital planes inclined at 55 degrees with the

equator. *This constellation provides 5 to 8 space vehicles from any point on the earth.

*The control segment comprises of 5 stations. *They measure the distances of the overhead satellites

every 1.5 seconds and send the corrected data to Master control. *Here the satellite orbit, clock performance and health of the satellite are determined and determines whether repositioning is required. *This information is sent to the three uplink stations

*It consists of receivers that decode the

signals from the satellites.

*The receiver performs following tasks:

*Selecting one or more satellites *Acquiring GPS signals *Measuring and tracking *Recovering navigation data

*Requirements *Triangulation from satellite *Distance measurement through travel time of radio signals *Very accurate timing required *To measure distance the location of the satellite should also
be known *Finally delays have to be corrected

*Position is calculated from distance measurement. *Mathematically we need four satellites but three
are sufficient by rejecting the ridiculous answer.

*Distance to a satellite is determined by measuring

how long a radio signal takes to reach us from the satellite.

*Assuming the satellite and receiver clocks are

sync. The delay of the code in the receiver multiplied by the speed of light gives us the distance.

*If the clocks are perfect sync the satellite range

will intersect at a single point.

*But if imperfect the four satellite will not

intersect at the same point.

*The receiver looks for a common correction that

will make all the satellite intersect at the same point

*95% due to hardware ,environment and

atmosphere

*Intentional signal degradation *Selective availability *Anti spoofing

*Two components *Dither :

manipulation of the satellite clock freq

*Epsilon:
errors imposed within the ephemeris data sent in the broadcast message

*Here the P code is made un gettable

converting it into the Y code.

by

*This problem is over come by cross correlation

*Satellite errors

*Atmospheric propagation errors

*Errors in modeling clock offset *Errors in Keplerian representation of ephemeris *Latency in tracking *Through the ionosphere, carrier experiences phase
advance and the code experiences group delay Dependent on *Geomagnetic latitude *Time of the day *Elevation of the satellite

*
1. Easy Navigation System

*If you are lost in a strange town and dont know the way
out than you can find the way by the help of the GPS.

2. Nearby Area Search

*There are some GPS systems that can allow you to search
the area around you for nearby services like Restaurants, Hotels and Airport .

3. Navigation over Water

*In the past, boaters had to use a compass and a map in

order to determine where exactly they are. GPS systems allowed them to find out their exact location on the map. Underwater hazards are always a problem; here GPS devices can allow boaters to steer around hidden dangers under water.

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1. Potential Failures

*You should always carry a backup directions and maps in

case your GPS fails due to some reason. For example, if you are driving down a city street, the buildings may block the satellite signal, preventing you from receiving position updates.

2. Ambiguity

*GPS signals are not always completely accurate.

Hindrance like buildings and trees can avert the signal, causing your position on the GPS screen to be off by as much as 100 feet. Atmospheric conditions may also affect GPS accuracy.

Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) Local Area augmentation system (LAAS) Wide Area augmentation system (WAAS) Nation Wide differential GPS (NDGPS) High accuracy nation wide differential GPS (HANDGPS)