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100 Marks Internal Assessment Total 5 Modules covered in 12 Lectures

Biotech Sector Outlook

Growth in India is primarily export-driven.


Export sales of Indian biopharmaceutical products are currently rising at an annual rate of 47%, domestic sales of Indian biopharmaceutical products have risen only 45% per annum

Vaccines are the largest and fastest-growing sector.


Indian vaccine sales currently account for about 43% of the country's total biopharmaceutical sales, 16% for diagnostics 13% for therapeutics. Most of the growth in Indian biopharmaceuticals is because of vaccines India is one of the world's leading suppliers of vaccines for measles and other childhood vaccinations. 1

Industry growth is concentrated in a relatively small number of companies.

About 30 Indian companies account for the great majority of the country's biopharmaceutical sales.

Indian companies manufacture an increasingly wide range of biopharmaceutical products.

These include recombinant insulin, erythropoietin (EPO), G-CSF, recombinant hepatitis-B vaccine, streptokinase, interferon alpha-2b, rituximab, and an anti-EGFR MAb product.1,2

Indian biopharmaceutical R&D is increasing rapidly.

Top ranking Bio-Pharma companies in India


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Top 10 Agricultural Biotech Companies

Pharma Sector Outlook

Population is ever increasing

Disposable income increasing


People becoming more aware and concerned for Health & Well Being

Proliferation of Health insurance


NRHM Rural push by Pharma Companies and Hospitals

Lifestyle & Chronic Diseases on the rise

Overall

Government (DBT) is pushing research and product development Bio-Pharma Industry Association also working on regulatory easing Agriculture has immense scope

Clinical Research & diagnostic sector is also comingup

Long-term Career prospects are Very Good


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Course & Lecture Outline

The course contents are developed with special emphasis on Pharmaceutical & Biotech Industry

Course & Lecture Outline


8

Module 1: Frame work of Product

Module 3:
& Marketing

Management Organization
Lecture 1:

New Product Planning, Development & launch

Lecture 7 & 8:
New Product Development

Introduction to Product Management

Process and Role of Product Managers

Lecture 2:

Role and Operation of Product Management in Marketing

Module 5: Brand, Branding and Brand


Strategies Lecture 9 & 10:

Module 2

: Covers Product /Customer/


Competitor and demand Analysis
Competition, Competitor Analysis

Brand vs. Product, Brand Elements Brand Extension/Brand Relationships Spectrum Brand Identity Brand Equity

Lecture 3:

Lecture 4:

Category Analysis

Brand Building Strategies


Practice of Preparing new products, Product launches, Brand Plans, Marketing Plans, Fieldforce interactions Summary of the course

Lecture 5:

Lecture 11 & 12

Customer Analysis

Lecture 6:

Demand Analysis & Forecasting

Course Objectives
We focus on the following questions:
What are the characteristics of products? How can a company build and manage its product mix and product lines? How can a company make better product & brand decisions? How can packaging and labeling be used as marketing tools?

Introduction to Product Management

Introduction to Product
Management

What is a Product?
A product is anything that can be offered to a

market to satisfy a want or a need or desire of a customer


e.g. Cifran, Core, Dr. Lal Path lab, Sildenafil Citrate, Mobile Phone, Soap, Hotel Room, Airline Service

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Introduction to Product Management


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Introduction to Product
Management

Physical Goods (whether Anything that can be Offered Persons tangible or e.g. Medicine, Cars, e.g. Movie Stars, intangible) would be called a product, such as; Political Shampoos Leaders, Dhoni Services Places e.g. Hospital, Diagnostic e.g. Switzerland, Nainital Lab Financial, , Internet Organizations Experiences e.g.Vergin Atlantic Space e.g. Girl Scouts, Political Flight, Spa, Movie Theatre Parties, Fortis Events Ideas e.g. Iifa, Pravasi Bharatiya e.g. Family Planning, Sammelan Driving in Single Lanes

Introduction to Product Management


Product Levels
Development of a product in various levels depends on customer value perception and hierarchy of it.

Introduction to Product
Management

Customer value hierarchy Customers will choose a product based


their perceived value of it.

on

Satisfaction is the degree to which the actual use of a product matches the perceived value at the time of the purchase. A customer is satisfied only if the actual value is the same or exceeds the perceived value

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Introduction to Product Management


Product Levels
Customer value hierarchy Core Benefit
the fundamental need or want that consumers satisfy by consuming the product or service

Introduction to Product
Management

Basic product
a version of the product containing only those attributes or characteristics absolutely necessary for it to function and cater to core benefit

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Introduction to Product Management


Product Levels
Expected Product
the set of attributes or characteristics that buyers normally expect and agree to when they purchase a product

Introduction to Product
Management

Augmented inclusion of additional features,


benefits, attributes or related services that serve to differentiate the product from its competitors

Potential Product all the augmentations and


transformations a product might undergo in the future
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Product level: Example


Mobile Phone
Core Benefit
Voice communication while on move or anywhere

Basic Product
Hand Held device, able to send & receive voice communication

Expected Product
Hand-set with voice & text communication abilities with ringtones, color screen, light

weight, long battery life, sufficient memory, Calendar, Camera, FM Radio etc.
Augmented Product
Large screen, touch screen, internet, other applications, mobile map, games etc.

Potential Product
Hand-set with mind reading capacity, mobile working as Credit card/Debit card/Travel

card/Unique identity etc.

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Class work: 30 minutes


Define Product Levels for following products

/services
Car

Aatta
Bank Hospital Mouth Dissolving Tabs Penta vaccine

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Introduction to Product Management


Product Hierarchy

Introduction to Product
Management

Product needto satisfy a need e.g. feet protection Product classa family of products having similar function e.g. all shoes Product linea group of products with closely related functions e.g. sports shoes Product type products within a line having similar form e.g. basket-ball shoes Branda name representing a product or line e.g. Nike Item (Stock Keeping Unit)a unit item e.g. one pair of Nike basket-ball shoe

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Introduction to Product Management


Product Classification
1.

Introduction to Product
Management

On basis of durability and tangibility

Non-Durable : The products which last only for some-time and have few uses

e.g. Crocin, Antibiotics, soap, salt

Durable: The products which last for a long time, have repeated uses

e.g. Spectrophotometer, clothing, cooking range, Mobile, Washing Machine etc.

Services : Intangibles e.g. Path lab, Banking brokerage

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Introduction to Product Management


2. Consumer Goods
Convenience Goods Frequently used, purchased with minimum effort bread, cooking oil, tooth paste
Shopping Goods Purchased less often, comparison on price, quality, and style TV, Mobile Phone, Sofa Specialty Goods Purchased as desired, branded products
anti-aging cream, Pharma Ethical

Introduction to Product
Management

Unsought Goods Purchased on perceived need, can do without food processor, Music System, Car, Personal Jet
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FMCG

Introduction to Product
Management

A sub-category of Consumer Goods


Groceries Food Items Home Care Personal Care/Body Care Cloths

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Introduction to Product Management


3. Industrial Goods
Capital Goods Plant Equipment,

Introduction to Product
Management

Computers Materials and Parts Plastics, Auto Parts Supplies Paper, Toner Installations Equipment
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Introduction to Product Management


4. Supplies and business services
Business advisory Services Market Research, Patent

Introduction to Product
Management

Services e.g. ORG-IMS Maintenance and repair items Operating supplies Maintenance and repair services Information Services

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Product Mix

Product mix has following terminologies:


Width - refers to the no. of different product lines the

co.
Length - refer to the total no. of items the Co. carries

within its products lines


Depth - depth refer to the no. of versions, offered of

each product in the line


Consistency - refers to how closely related the various

product lines are in end use, production requirements, distribution channels, or some other way.

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Introduction to Product

Product Mix

Management

Company may have an assortment of products


This assortment of products is known as

Product
Lines
-

Mix

E.g. HUL product Assortment consists of many product

Food brands Home care brands Personal care brands Water Nutrition Health, hygiene & beauty

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Case Product mix Sun Pharma


Product Mix (Assortment )
Line 1: CNS drugs Length
1.AntiDepressent 2. Anti-epileptics 3. Alzheimers 4. OCD

Line 2: Cardiovascular s

Line 3: Optholmology

Line 4: Gastroenterolog y

Line 5: Antiinfectives

Depth
1. Amexide 2. Citopalm 3. Cloferanil 4. Fluvoxin Form, Flavours, packaging

Consistency Using Same Channel, Dr, Rep

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Introduction to Product
Management

Product Mix

Product-line length
Line Stretching Down-market Stretch: Means when the company
launches lower end versions of a product generally to capture mass market. Some of the reasons for down market stretch are as follows; The company may notice strong growth opportunities as mass retailers attract a growing number of shoppers The company may wish to tie up lower-end competitors who might otherwise try to move up-market The company may find that the middle market is stagnating or declining

Up-market Stretch: This is a terminology used for


launching higher end versions of an existing product/service so as to capture premium segment of market/customer

Two-Way Stretch

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Introduction to Product Management


What

Introduction to Product
Management

is Management?

Management is coordination of the

resources of the firm to produce goods and services


It is Marketing department which is responsible for co-

ordination
Within the marketing department it is product Manager

who is responsible for the product.

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Introduction to Product
Management

Marketing Organization Setup

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Introduction to Product
Management

Marketing Organization Set-up


1.

Product-Focused Organization
Head of Co./Div

Head Marketing

Head HR

Head Fin

Head Mfg

Support

Product Management

Marketing Research

Product Manager A

Product Manager B

Product Manager C

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Introduction to Product
Management

Marketing Organization Set-up

Product Focused Organization


Characteristics
Classic brand management structure developed by

P&G in 1930s Commonly used where different products use the same channels of distribution Product Manager acts as a Mini-CEO
Product Manager has the ultimate responsibility for the brand Associate Product Manager develops brand extensions or

manages a small brand


Assistant Product Manager is responsible for market and share

forecasting, budgeting, coordinating with production, executing promotions, and packaging

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Introduction to Product
Management

Marketing Organization Set-up

Advantages of Product focused Marketing organization set-up


Center of responsibility is clear Clear who to turn to for information on the product Product has an advocate with training, experience,

persuasion, and communication skills


Breeding ground for senior executives

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Introduction to Product
Management

Marketing Organization Set-up

Disadvantages of Product focused


Marketing organization set-up
Narrow focus on one product Induces a centralized structure Quest for quarterly or short-term sales and market share

goals
Several salespeople representing different products

calling on the same customer


Inefficient use of marketing funds to build brand name

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Introduction to Product
Management

Marketing Organization Set-up

Examples of product focused organizations


Elli-Lilly P&G HUL Dabur Intel Maruti-Suzuki Taj Hotels ORG-IMS

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Introduction to Product
Management

Marketing Organization Set-up

Market Focused Organization


Characteristics
Marketing authority by market segment Useful when there are significant differences

in buyer behavior in the market segments


Does not give managers full responsibility for

the services or products delivered

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Introduction to Product
Management

Marketing Organization Set-up

Market-Focused Organization
Head of Co./Div

Head Mfg

Head Fin

Head HR

Head Marketing

Market Manager A

Market Manager 2

Market manager 3

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Introduction to Product
Management

Marketing Organization Set-up

Advantages of Market Focused Organization set-up


Focus on the customer as an asset Easier to justify product modification or elimination Useful when bundling different products or when consumer

purchases many different products form the same company


Enhances product manager interactions due to specific

knowledge in the particular segment

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Introduction to Product
Management

Marketing Organization Set-up

Disadvantages of Market Focused Organization set-up


Possible conflict with the product management

structure that may lie below


Mini-CEO training and experience of traditional

product managers may be lost


Most product management skills need to be

sustained

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Introduction to Product
Management

Marketing Organization Set-up

Examples of Market Focused Organization


Cipla (and Majority of Pharma companies) HUL

Infosys (Vertical focused)


Intel Thomas Cook

Himalaya Ayurvedic

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Introduction to Product
Management

Marketing Organization Set-up

Function Focused Marketing Organization Set-up


Characteristics
Aligned by marketing functions

Product and market-focused organizations have aspect

of this structure embedded in their organizations


A single manager is not responsible for day-to-day

marketing activities of the product


Marketing strategies are designed and implemented

through coordinated efforts

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Introduction to Product
Management

Marketing Organization Set-up

Function-Focused Organization
Head of Co./Div

Head Mfg

Head Fin

Head HR

Head Marketing

Adv. Mgr

Product Marketing

Market Service

Market Research

Sales Promotion

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Introduction to Product
Management

Marketing Organization Set-up

Advantages of Function Focused Marketing Organization Set-up


Administratively simple Useful if company has few products The structure is logical with normal marketing

activities
Functional training is easier to deliver
Managers become functional experts

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Introduction to Product
Management

Marketing Organization Set-up

Disadvantages of Function Focused Marketing Organization Set-up


Product responsibility is shared so no one down

the line can be held accountable


Requires substantial time in cross-functional

meetings
Training is limited to function

Marketing VP or head needs to do much of the

planning

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Introduction to Product
Management

Marketing Organization Set-up

Examples of function focused Marketing Organization


Intel Google IOC (Oil Marketing) More (Mall) Hotel Leela Venture Aventis Apple

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Introduction to Product
Management

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Role and Operation of Product Management in Marketing


Develop a long-range and competitive strategy for the product Preparing an annual marketing plan and sales forecast Working with advertising and merchandising agencies to develop

copy, programs and campaigns


Stimulating support of the product among the sales force and

distributors
Gathering continuous intelligence on the products performance,

customer and dealer attitudes, and new problems and opportunities


Initiating product improvements to meet changing market needs

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Role and Operation of Product Management in Marketing

Critical Skills for a Product Manager


Observation Analytical Ability Negotiations Team-work Communication

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Role & Operation of Product Management

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Role and Operation of Product Management in Marketing

Marketing Planning
One of the key responsibility of a Product

manager is to develop Marketing Plan


Marketing Plan is a written document containing the guidelines for the business centres Marketing Programs and allocation over the planning period

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Role & Operation of Product Management

Marketing Planning

Hierarchy of Planning
Corporate strategic planning
Group/Sector planning

SBU Planning Annual Marketing Plan


Brand Plan

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Role & Operation of Product Management

Marketing Planning

Objectives of a Marketing Plan


To define current situation facing the product To define problems & opportunies facing the

product/Business
To establish Objectives
To define Strategies & Actions/Programmes necessary

to achieve product objectives


To Estimate & project Financials of the product

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Role & Operation of Product Management

Marketing Planning

Marketing Planning Process & Sequence


Update Historical data Collect current situation data
Analyse data

Develop Objectives, Strategies & Programmes Develop Financial plan (P&L)


Negotiate final Plan
Implement & Measure Progress Audit

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Role & Operation of Product Management

Marketing Planning

Marketing plan Contents (Summary)


Executive summary Situation Analysis
Category/Competitor definition Category Analysis Company & Competitor Analysis Customer Analysis Planning Assumptions

refer to Product Management by Lehmann, p. 45-48

Objectives (Sales, M.S. Growth, Profitability, volumes, any other) Product/Brand Strategy

Supporting Marketing Programs Financial Documents Monitoring & control Mechanism Contigency Plans
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Reference Books

Product Management Lehmann


Strategic Brand Management David Aaker Strategic Brand Management Noel Kapferer Building Strong Brands Keller Marketing Management - Kotler

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Course & Lecture Outline


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Module 1: Frame work of Product Management


Lecture 1:

& Marketing Organization

Introduction to Product Management Role and Operation of Product Management in Marketing

Module 2: This Modules covers Product Analysis


Lecture 2:

Product Analysis:
w.r.t. Competition, Competitor Analysis, Category Analysis

Lecture 3:

Product Analysis Contd.

Customer/Demand

Lecture Objectives
Understand how to define competition Determining & selecting competition How to Analyze Category with various parameters Learn to Assess Market Attractiveness Analyze Competitor(s)

Data Collection/Analysis What and how to analyze

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Defining the Competitive set

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Define Competition Set


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Bases of Competition
Customer oriented Who are they When they use Why they use (what benefit sought)
Marketing Oriented Advertisement/Promotion/Channel/Media/Price Resource Oriented Raw material, Shelf-Space, employees, Financial resources Geographic

Define Competition Set


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Levels of Competition:
Product form
Product Category Generic

Budget

aabc c aabc

Define Competition Set


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Determine Competitors Set 1. Managerial Judgement:


- Experience , Internal Sources, Traders, KOLs

2. Customer Based Measures


Behavioural data

- Primary source Deptt. Stores, A.C. Nielsen, Scanned data, IMS, C-Marc - Brand-Switch Matrix Customer Judgement - Surveys Focus Groups, Exploratory

Using

Customer Judgments

Product Deletion in a group that are substitutes for each other, if one is deleted or not available, which one would the customer select from the choice set or the rest
Substitution in Use judged similarities in usage context, use and substitutes are indicated for the target product

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Using

Customer Judgments (Models)

Perceptual Mapping Judged Overall Similarity for a pair of products


Similarity within Consideration Set

large set of products divided into groups in which each is a substitute for another

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Perceptual Map

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Role & Operation of Product Management

Marketing Planning

Marketing plan Contents (Summary)

Executive summary

Situation Analysis Competitor definition Category Analysis Competitor Analysis Customer Analysis Planning Assumptions

REPEAT

Objectives (Sales, M.S. Growth, Profitability, volumes, any other) Product/Brand Strategy Supporting Marketing Programs Financial Documents Monitoring & control Mechanism Contnigency Plans

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Course & Lecture Outline


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Module 1: Frame work of Product Management


Lecture 1:

& Marketing Organization

Introduction to Product Management Role and Operation of Product Management in Marketing

Module 2: This Modules covers Product Analysis


Lecture 2:

Product Analysis:
w.r.t. Competition,, Category Analysis, Competitor Analysis

Lecture 3:

Product Analysis Contd.

Customer/Demand

Category Attractiveness Analysis


Aggregate Category Factors
Category Factors

Environmental Factors

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Category Attractiveness Analysis


1. Aggregate Category Factors Category Size Category Growth Stage in PLC Sales Cyclicity Sales Seasonality Profits 2. Category Factors Threat of new entrants Bargaining Powers of Suppliers Bargaining powers of Buyers Existing Category Rivalry Pressure from Substitutes Category Capacity Remarks Mkt. Attractiveness

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Category Attractiveness Analysis


Environmental Factors Technological Political Economic Regulatory Social Remarks Attractiveness

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Category Attractiveness Analysis

Aggregate Category Factors


1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Category Size Category Growth Stage in the PLC Sales Cyclicity Seasonality Profits

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Category Attractiveness Analysis


Aggregate Category Factors 1. Category Size
For Category Attractiveness Analysis, size is

an important parameter to assess

- Measured in units and monetary value - Will revenues support investment? - Large markets are better - Large categories offer more opportunities for segmentation - Large size tends to draw competitors
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Category Attractiveness Analysis


Aggregate Category Factors 2. Category Growth
Current growth are important Growth projections are crucial

Fast-growing support high margins and

sustain future profits Attract competitors Cause dramatic shift in market share survivability of product

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Category Attractiveness over the PLC


3. Stage in the PLC

Stage of PLC Category Size Category Growth Category Attractiveness

Intro Small Low Low

Growth Medium High High

Maturity Large Low Medium/Hig h

Dline Medium -Ve Low

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Category Attractiveness Vs PLC


3. Stage in the PLC
The introduction stage is unattractive for new

entrants
The growth stage is attractive The maturity stage may be attractive for

some categories
The decline is unattractive to new entrants

and low market share holders may exit

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Aggregate Category Factors


4. Sales Cyclicity
Due to inter-year variation in demand General Economic conditions

introduce peaks and valleys in sales as GDP varies


Swing in sales, profits, employment,

cash available for new product development


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Aggregate Category Factors


5. Seasonality
Intra-year cycles in sales Clothes, sweets, fire-crackers, and toy

sales during festivals


Generates price wars Many products are seasonal like cold

remedies, skin creams, ice cream

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Aggregate Category Factors


6. Profits
Vary across products or brands in a

category, and over time


Inter-industry differences also exist

Average profit margins for footwear is

about 6%, personal care 20%, and biotechnology 50%


Chronic low profitability is less attractive
Variation used as industry risk

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Category Attractiveness Analysis


1. Aggregate Category Factors Category Size Category Growth Stage in PLC Sales Cyclicity Sales Seasonality Profits Remarks Attractiveness

2. Category Factors
Threat of new entrates Bargaining Powers of Suppliers Bargaining powers of Buyers Existing Category Rivalry Pressure from Substitutes Category Capacity
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Category Factors
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Threat of New Entrants Bargaining Power of Buyers Bargaining Power of Suppliers Amount of Intra-category Rivalry Threat of Substitute Products or Services
Category Capacity

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Five Forces Determining Segment Structural Attractiveness


- M. Porter
1. 2. Threat of New Entrants Bargaining Power of Buyers 3. Bargaining Power of Suppliers 4. Amount of Intra-category Rivalry 5. Threat of Substitute Products or Services Category Capacity

Category Factors 1. Threat of New Entrants


If high, attractiveness diminishes In early stages of market development it can

help a market to expand Usually it heightens competitiveness and reduces profit margins Offset by setting up barriers to entry

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Category

Factors

Potential Barriers to Entry


Economies of Scale Product Differentiation

Capital Requirements
Switching Costs Distribution

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Category

Factors

2. Bargaining Power of Buyers


Distributors, original equipment

manufacturers (OEMs) or end users


High if product bought is a large % of

buyers cost, product is undifferentiated, buyers earn low profits, buyer can backward integrate, buyer has full information, when substitutes exist

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Category

Factors

3. Bargaining Power of Suppliers


Is a mirror image of buyer power High if suppliers are concentrated, no

substitutes, differentiated product, built in switching costs, supply is limited

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Category

Factors

4. Threat of Substitute Products or Services


Large number is less attractive
Threat from generics Threat generally in all categories
High rates of returns when few

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Category

Factors

5. Amount of Intra-category Rivalry


Intense category competition is not

attractive Escalates marketing expenditures, price, employee switch High if many or balanced competitors, slow growth, high fixed costs, lack of differentiation, personal rivalry Difficult for a product manager to have an impact on category rivalry
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Category

Factors

Category Capacity Chronic overcapacity is not a positive sign for long-term profitability Operating at capacity costs stay low, supplier bargaining power high Indicates health of category Recession may lead to overcapacity

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Category Attractiveness Analysis


Environmental Factors
Technological Political Economic Regulatory Social Remarks Attractiveness

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Environmental
Technological
Political Economic Regulatory Social

Factors

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Environmental Factors Technology


If weak vulnerable to new product and

global competition If well positioned firm can take advantage of change

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Environmental

Factors

Political Affects products with global sales Product manager must assess political risk Free market affected by political party in power

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Environmental

Factors

Economic Interest rate fluctuations short-term financing Currency exchange rates global markets Employment conditions availability of skilled labor Recession sales, GDP growth declines Inflation rates consumer buying power diminishes
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Environmental

Factors

Regulatory Restrict industry from specific media use Stringent testing requirements Air, water, soil pollution Intervene in global competition - dumping

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Environmental

Factors

Social Trends in demographics, lifestyles, attitudes, and personal values Trends affect B2B due to derived demand Young adults Mature consumers Children as consumers Shift of power from seller to consumer

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Course & Lecture Outline


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Module 1: Frame work of Product Management


Lecture 1:

& Marketing Organization

Introduction to Product Management Role and Operation of Product Management in Marketing

Module 2: This Modules covers Product Analysis


Lecture 2:

Product Analysis:
w.r.t. Competition,, Category Analysis, Competitor Analysis

Lecture 3:

Product Analysis Contd.

Customer/Demand

Competitor Analysis
Data Collection
Data Analysis

Steps

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Data Collection

Primary Sources of Information


Primary Data Investment Bankers Sales Force Suppliers Customers Employees Consultants

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Data Collection
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Secondary Sources of Information


Secondary Data
Internal Sources Newspapers Annual Reports Internet News Releases Trade Associations

Patent Filings
Financial Audit Filings Business Press Government Computer

Promotional Literature
Trade Press Consultants Customer

Databases

Communications

Data Collection
Other

Sources of Information

Classified Ads
Trade Shows Plant Tours Reverse Engineering Monitoring test Markets Hiring Senior Employees

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Competitor Analysis Model


Primary Data/ Secondary Data Key Questions Who are they? What are the competing product features? What do they want? What is their current strategy? Differential Competitor Advantage Analysis Who has the competitive product advantage? Competitor Marketing Plan What are they going to do?
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Data Analysis Questions


Who are the major competitors?
How do the competing products or services stack

up against each other?


What are the objectives of the major competitor

products?
What is the current strategy being employed to

achieve the objectives?


Who has the competitive edge?

What are they likely to do in the future?


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Assessing Competitors Current Objectives


Is a critical first step in a competitor analysis

for major competitor products


Gives valuable information on intended

aggressiveness of the competitors in the future


Helps to assess the capabilities of the

competitors

101

Determine

the Objectives

Growth Objective increase unit sales

or market share
Hold Objective brand losing market

share, stop the slide


Harvest Objective profit is paramount

relative to market share

102

Determining

the Objectives

Growth Objective Improve market share at the expense of short-term profits


The following will occur:

- A cut in price - Increase in advertising expenditures - Increase in promotions to consumers and distributors - Increase in distribution expenses

103

Harvest Objective Focus on profitability brand marketed in the opposite way


The following will occur:

- Increase in price - Decrease in marketing budgets

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Assessing

the Competitors Current Strategies


The important second step in competitor

analysis is to determine how competitors are attempting to achieve their objectives


Marketing Strategy Differential Advantage Analysis

Competitors Will

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Marketing

Strategy

Three Major Components:

1. Target Market Selection

2. Core Strategy
- Positioning, Differentiating

3. Implementation
- Supporting Marketing Mix

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3. Implementation
(Supporting Marketing Mix ) Marketing Mix (The mix provides insight into the
basic strategy of the competitor and special tactical decisions)

4Ps
- Product (Physical product or service and how it is
sold)

- Price - Promotion (Which type and how often) - Place (Which channels are being emphasized?)

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Tracking

Competitors Strategies

Industrial Products Product sales literature The companys own sales force Trade advertising
Consumer Products Tracking Ads

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Comparing Value Chains

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Technology

Strategy

Framework of Six Criteria Technology Specialization Level of Competence Sources of Capability Internal/External R&D Investment Level Competitive Timing Initiate/Respond R&D Organization and Policies

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Competitive

Product Analysis Matrix

Handout Grid 2

Differential Advantage Analysis

Capabilities Matrix
Hand out Grid 3

Differential Advantage Analysis

Success Matrix
Handout Grid 3A

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Assessing A

Competitors Will

A strong competitor can be overcome


A weak competitor can cause damage Assess: How crucial is this product to the firm? How visible is the commitment to the market? How aggressive are the managers?

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Predicting Future Strategies Competitor signals with an

announcement Use historical information to forecast:


Competitors Strategy dependent variable
Capabilities and Resource independent

variable Extrapolate that the trend may continue Link Capabilities/Resources with Strategy Simulate by Role-Play

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