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XML Introduction

XML

http://yht4ever.blogspot.com

thanh.phamhong@niithoasen.com B070066 - NIIT Quang Trung

07/2007

Contents

Markup languages Why Is XML Important?

Introduction to XML

Application of XML

Exercises

XML Introdution

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Markup languages
A markup language must specify What markup is allowed What markup is required How markup is to be distinguished from text What the markup means XML only specify the first three, the fourth is specified by DTD

XML Introdution

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SGML(ISO 8879)
Standard Generalized Markup Language The international standard for defining descriptions of structure and content in text documents Interchangeable: device-independent, systemindependent

Tags are not predefined


Using DTD to validate the structure of the document Large, powerful, and very complex Heavily used in industrial and commercial for over a decade

XML Introdution

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HTML(RFC 1866)
HyperText Markup Language A small SGML application used on web (a DTD and a set of processing conventions) Can only use a predefined set of tags

XML Introdution

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What Is XML?
eXtensible Markup Language A simplified version of SGML Maintains the most useful parts of SGML Designed so that SGML can be delivered over the Web XHTML -- a reformulation of HTML 4 in XML 1.0

XML Introdution

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Difference between XML and HTML

XML was designed to carry data, not displaying data


XML is not a replacement for HTML. Different goals:
XML was designed to describe data and to focus on what data is. HTML was designed to display data and to focus on how data looks.

HTML is about displaying information, XML is about describing information.

XML Introdution

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An example of XML
<?xml version="1.0"?> <products> <product id="PRO001"> <name>Coca Cola</name> <price>5000</price> </product> <product id="PRO002"> <name>Pepsi</name> <price>4500</price> </product> <product id="PRO003"> <name>Number One</name> <price>5500</price> </product> </products>
XML Introdution

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Contents

Markup languages Why Is XML Important?

Introduction to XML

Application of XML

Exercises

XML Introdution

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Why Is XML Important? Plain Text Easy to edit Platform independent Data Identification Tell you what kind of data you have Can be used in different ways by different applications

Easily Processed
Vendor-neutral standard

XML Introdution

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Why Is XML Important? Stylability Inherently style-free XSL---Extensible Stylesheet Language Different XSL formats can then be used to display the same data in different ways

Inline Reusability Can be composed from separate entities Modularize your documents

XML Introdution

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Why is XML important? Linkability -- XLink and XPointer Simple unidirectional hyperlinks Two-way links Multiple-target links Expanding links Hierarchical Faster to access Easier to rearrange

XML Introdution

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Contents

Markup languages Why Is XML Important?

Introduction to XML

Application of XML

Exercises

XML Introdution

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XML Building blocks


PI (Processing Instruction) Tags Elements Content Attributes Entities Comments

XML Introdution

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XML Building blocks--Prolog

The part of an XML document that precedes the XML data Includes A declaration: version [, encoding, standalone] An optional DTD (Document Type Definition ) Example
<?xml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8 standalone=yes?>

XML Introdution

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Tags Tags are used to specify a name for a given piece of information. A tag consists of opening and closing angular brackets (<>) that enclose the name of the tag. Example <EMP_NAME>Nick Shaw</EMP_NAME>

XML Introdution

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Elements Elements are represented using tags. An XML document must always have a root element. General format: <element> </element>

Empty element: <empty-Element />


Example <Authorname>John Smith</Authorname>
XML Introdution

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Elements

XML Elements are Extensible


XML documents can be extended to carry more information

XML Elements have Relationships


Elements are related as parents and children

Elements have Content


Elements can have different content types: element
content, mixed content, simple content, or empty content and attributes

XML elements must follow the naming rules

XML Introdution

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Content Content refers to the information represented by the elements of an XML document.
Character or data content Element content Combination or mixed content

Example <BOOKNAME>The Painted House</BOOKNAME>


XML Introdution

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Attributes
Located in the start tag of elements Provide additional information about elements Often provide information that is not a part of data Must be enclosed in quotes Should I use an element or an attribute?
metadata (data about data) should be stored as attributes, and that data itself should be stored as elements

XML Introdution

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Entities An entity is a name that is associated with a block of data.. Internal Entities: &lt; , &gt; General Entities
General entities are declared in Document Type Definitions (DTD) Example
<! ENTITY nyt "The Times of India."> For more information, please visit &nyt; Thank you!

Parameter Entities
Are only declared and used in DTDs
<!ENTITY % bool ("yes | no")> <ATTLIST membership (%bool;)>
XML Introdution

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Comments Comments are statements used to explain the XML code. Example <!--PRODUCTDATA is the root element-->

The text contained within a comment entry cannot have two consecutive hyphens <!--PRODUCTDATA is the -root element-->
XML Introdution

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XML Syntax
All XML elements must have a closing tag XML tags are case sensitive All XML elements must be properly nested All XML documents must have a root tag Attribute values must always be quoted With XML, white space is preserved With XML, a new line is always stored as LF

XML Introdution

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Anatomy of an element

Element type

Attribute (character) entity reference

Attribute Attribute name value

<p type="rule">Use a hyphen: &#173;.</p>


Start-tag Content End-tag

Element

Element type

XML Validation
"Well Formed" XML document --correct XML syntax "Valid" XML document well formed Conforms to the rules of a DTD (Document Type Definition) XML DTD defines the legal building blocks of an XML document Can be inline in XML or as an external reference XML Schema an XML based alternative to DTD, more powerful Support namespace and data types

XML Introdution

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Displaying XML
XML documents do not carry information about how to display the data We can add display information to XML with CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) XSL (eXtensible Stylesheet Language) --- preferred

XML Introdution

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Contents

Markup languages Why Is XML Important?

Introduction to XML

Application of XML

Exercises

XML Introdution

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XML Application1Separate data


XML can Separate Data from HTML
Store data in separate XML files Using HTML for layout and display Using Data Islands Data Islands can be bound to HTML elements

Benefits:
Changes in the underlying data will not require any changes to your HTML

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XML Application2Exchange data


XML is used to Exchange Data
Text format Software-independent, hardware-independent Exchange data between incompatible systems, given that they agree on the same tag definition. Can be read by many different types of applications

Benefits:
Reduce the complexity of interpreting data Easier to expand and upgrade a system

XML Introdution

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XML Application3Store Data


XML can be used to Store Data
Plain text file Store data in files or databases Application can be written to store and retrieve information from the store Other clients and applications can access your XML files as data sources

Benefits:
Accessible to more applications

XML Introdution

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XML Application4Create new language

XML can be used to Create new Languages


WML (Wireless Markup Language) used to markup Internet applications for handheld devices like mobile phones (WAP) MusicXML used to publishing musical scores RSS. MathML.

XML Introdution

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XML support in IE 5.0+


Internet Explorer 5.0 has the following XML support:
Viewing of XML documents Full support for W3C DTD standards XML embedded in HTML as Data Islands Binding XML data to HTML elements Transforming and displaying XML with XSL Displaying XML with CSS Access to the XML DOM (Document Object Model)

*Netscape 6.0 also have full XML support

XML Introdution

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Microsoft XML Parser


Comes with IE 5.0 The parser features a language-neutral programming model that supports: JavaScript, VBScript, Perl, VB, Java, C++ and more W3C XML 1.0 and XML DOM DTD and validation

XML Introdution

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Java APIs for XML


JAXP: Java API for XML Processing JAXB: Java Architecture for XML Binding JDOM: Java DOM DOM4J: an alternative to JDOM JAXM: Java API for XML Messaging (asynchronous) JAX-RPC: Java API for XML-based Remote Process Communications (synchronous) JAXR: Java API for XML Registries

XML Introdution

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Conclusion
XML is a self-descriptive language XML is a powerful language to describe structure data for web application XML is currently applied in many fields Many vendors already supports or will support XML

XML Introdution

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Reference http://www.w3.org Teach Yourself XML in 21 Days, 3rd Edition Learning XML, 2nd Edition Hongming Yu presentation. XML tutorial http://www.w3schools.com/w3c/

XML Introdution

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Q&A

Feel free to post questions at http://yht4ever.blogspot.com. or email to: thanh.phamhong@niithoasen.com or thanh.phamhong@niit-vn.com

XML Introdution

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