WiFi

WiFi Fundamentals
 Wi-Fi, or Wireless Fidelity, is freedom: it allows a person to
connect to the Internet from your couch at home, a bed in a
hotel room or a conference room at work without wires.

 Wi-Fi is a wireless technology. Wi-Fi enabled computers

send and receive data indoors and out; anywhere within the
range of a base station.

 Its just as fast as a cable modem connection.

 Allows you to access the Internet while on the move ; you

can remain online while moving from one area to another,
without a disconnection or loss in coverage.
 HotSpots
What is a HotSpot?

 A HotSpot is a geographic area that has a readily

accessible wireless network.

 HotSpots are equipped with a Broadband Internet

connection, and one or more Access Points that allow
users to access the Internet wirelessly.

 HotSpots can be setup in any public/private location that

can support an Internet connection. .
 Typical Wi-Fi Users
Now that we know about WiFi, who are the likely users
of WiFi services?

 Frequent Travelers
 Businessmen and Corporate
Managers
 Scientists & Doctors
 Students and Academicians
 Administrators & Technocrats
who participate in Seminars &
Conferences
 Just about anybody with a laptop
What are the good places to install WiFi?
Basically, any location which caters to business users, and
where people with laptops are likely to make frequent visits
is an ideal choice to install WiFi.

Airports
Hotels & Resorts
Restaurants
Coffee Shops
Bookstores
Shopping Malls
Sample WiFi Illustration
 Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

• Alternate definition of WiFi -

– Inter operability standard for Wireless
Fidelity using IEEE
802.11b/802.11a/802.11g standard
 Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

• How IEEE802.11b/802.11g interwork with

wired LAN IEEE802.3
– Using Access Point (AP) which works as a bridge
between these two networks
 IEEE Wireless Standards
Wireless 802.11b 802.11g 802.11a
Standard
Frequency Range 2.4 – 2.4835 GHz 2.4 – 2.4835 GHz 5.725 - 5.850 GHz

Max Speed 11 MBPS 54 MBPS 54 MBPS

Max Encryption 128 bit WEP 128 bit WEP 152 bit WEP
256 bit AES
Distance Covered 300 ft 300 ft 100 ft

Natively 802.11b 802.11b, 802.11g 802.11a

Compatible
Potential user Entry level and Larger networks, Large business
home networks small business concerned with
security
We are using 802.11g standard AP with backward compatibility to
802.11b
 Components required for WiFi( in
small environment)
 A PC, laptop or PDA, running Windows 98 or above.
 A wireless PCMCIA card, or a wireless adapter. Now a
days all the latest LAPTOPS are coming with in built
CENTRINO.
 A Network Interface Card (optional) - Only if a LAN
connection is required)
 An Access Point - essentially a compact radio
transmitter with an antenna that connects to a wired
connection, such as an Ethernet, DSL, or Cable
Network.
 A valid internet connection.
Components required – for a larger environment

 Multiple Access Points - To provide overlapping

coverage throughout a site. Access points can be
installed almost anywhere.

 Network switch - A device that joins multiple

computers together. A set of Access Points can be
connected to a single network switch.

 Wireless LAN bridge (optional) – A wireless LAN

workgroup bridge enables connection between two
different hotspot networks.
 Components required – for very large
environment

 Authentication and Billing Server – Enables control

access to the Wi-Fi hotspot network by conducting
authentication checks similar to credit card or member
ID authentication. Also tracks wireless usage for billing
purposes and provides payment transaction services.

 Wireless Access Gateway – A device which connects

wireless subscribers to the wired network. It employs
one Ethernet port to interface with the router and one
wireless subscriber port that supports IEEE 802.11b/g
standard .
 Materials procured for Wi-Fi
1. AP Type B : Nomadix AG 2000 W+ ( 300 nos )
AP + SW + RW
3. AP Type A : Proxim AP 700 ( 750 nos )
ORINOCO
5. PCMCIA Card : 60 nos.
6. PCI : 60 nos.
7. NOC EMS
RADIUS Server
Billing server
Web Portal Server
SMS Gateway Server
Firewall
Type II LAN SW
Type II RW

NOC has been put at Bangalore East TE

PCMCIA wireless card
Used For Portables:
 PCI and USB adapters
Used For Desktops:
PCI adapter USB adapter
(inside) (outside)
 Types of Access Point

A. Type A : A Simple Access Point

In our case it is proxim make ORINOCO AP 700
( Total nos received = 750 all over India )
B. Type B : Router + Switch + AP
In our case we are using NOMADIX AG 2000 W +
( Total nos received = 300 all over India )
 Name of Towns & No of hotspots
Sl No City Circle No of hot spots
1 Bangalore Karnataka 36
2 Chennai Chennai 36
3 Kolkata Kolkata 36
4 Pune Maharashtra 24
5 Ulhashnagar Maharashtra 8
6 Dombivalley Maharashtra 8
7 Kalyan Maharashtra 8
8 Hyderabad A.P 24

Total
 Name of Towns & No of hotspots
Sl No City Circle No of hot spots
9 Ahemadabad Gujarat 24
10 Lucknow UP(E) 12
11 Ernakulam Kerala 12
12 Ghaziabad UP(W) 8
13 Noida UP (W) 10
14 Faridabad Haryana 8
15 Gurgaon Haryana 10

Total
 Name of Towns & No of hotspots
Sl No City Circle No of hot spots
16 Bhubaneswar Orissa 4
17 Ranchi Jharkand 4
18 Guwahati Assam 4
19 Patna Bihar 4
20 Indore MP 4
21 Coimbatore TamilNadu 4
22 Trichy TamilNadu 4

Total
 Name of Towns & No of hotspots
Sl No City Circle No of hot spots
23 Mandurai TamilNadu 4
24 Pondicherri TamilNadu 4

TOTAL 300

Note : 1 Hotsot = 1 no of Nomadix AG 2000W+ and

2.5 no of Proxim ORINOCO AP 700 has been assumed

Total
 Backhaul of Wi-Fi

1. Broadband Connection ( DataOne )

2. MLLN ( With Ethernet Port )
3. Lease Line
4. Ethernet Over SDH
5. WiMAX

We are using option 1.

 Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
Internet C

BRAS
GE
FE STM Ring
Tier 1

GE GE GE GE
FE
Tier 2 1 11
GE FE FE FE FE
480 240 120 64 64 DSLAM
Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu
CPE
 Wi-Fi Connectivity
At present we are using ADSL for Wi-Fi connectivity.
So we can say at present Wi-Fi is an add on feature of
DataOne.

Copper Cable
To DSLAM RJ-45 Nomadix
ADSL
( RW+SW
+AP )

( 50 Such
Laptops )

 Suitable for small places like conference hall

 Wi-Fi Connectivity

Copper Cable
To DSLAM RJ-45 Nomadix RJ-45
ADSL ( RW+SW Proxim
+AP )

( 50 Such
Laptops )
 Cascading via Switch

Copper Cable
To DSLAM RJ-45 Nomadix
ADSL
( RW+SW
+AP )
50-70 M 50-70 M
Proxim
Switch Proxim
Proxim
50-70 M
 Suitable for places like Shopping malls,
 Institutions, big hotels
 Cascading via Radio

Copper Cable
To DSLAM RJ-45 Nomadix
ADSL Proxim
( RW+SW
+AP )

Proxim
Proxim

Proxim
 Max 6 nos of Proxim can be cascaded over /Radio.
 Suitable for places like Airport, Shopping malls
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

P ROUTER PE

P ROUTER BRAS TIER-I

DSLMP TIER-II
CPE

AG SW AP

AP
PC PC PC PC
PC PC
 Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
• How many PCs can be supported by one
AP
– AP+AG : 50 clients max.
 Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
• How much distance can be supported by
one AP (802.11b)
– 50M : 11 Mbps
– 80M : 5.5 Mbps
– 120M : 2 Mbps
– 150M : 1 Mbps
 Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
• How much distance can be supported by
one AP (802.11g)
– 20M : 54 Mbps
– 40M : 27 Mbps
– 80M : 6 Mbps
– 100M : 1 Mbps
Applications of Nomadix AG 2000 W+

1. Mainly called access gateway

2. Pre-paid service
3. RADIUS Server/Client.
4. Internal & External Web Server.
5. Authentication & billing
6. Can work in small hotels without NOC.
7. O/P : 63 mw.
8. No reconfiguration needed in customer’s Laptop.
9. Lawful Intercept
Applications of Proxim ORINOCO 700

1. Mainly to be used with AG.

2. SSID & VLAN applications ( 16 nos/AP ).
3. Post Paid applications.
4. Required when area to be covered is big.
5. O/P : 100 mw.
6. Open or Closed SSID System.
7. WDS
8. Link Integrity
9. Rogue AP detection
10. Roaming
 802.11 g Channel Frequencies
FCC : U.S./Canada, Mexico and Australia : ETSI: Europe and the UK.
ETSI: Europe including the united Kingdom,China and South Korea
Channel ID FCC(GHz) ETSI(GHz)
1 2.412 2.412
2 2.417 2.417
3 2.422 2.422
4 2.427 2.427 Note : There are three Overlapping
Channels.
5 2.432 2.432
Viz.
6 2.437 2.437 CH 1 : 2.412 – 2.434 Ghz
7 2.442 2.442 CH 6 : 2.437 – 2.459 Ghz
8 2.447 2.447 CH 11 : 2.462 – 2.484 GHz
9 2.452 2.452
10 2.457 2.457
11 2.462 2.462
12 - 2.467
13 - 2.472
14 - -
Application of WiFi in BSNL Network
1. New Pre-paid & Post paid Wi-Fi Customers.
2. Existing Sancharnet Customers
3. Existing BSNL GSM Customers
4. Credit card/online payment.

Note:Pre-paid already operational.Existing Sancharnet

Customer Service has been tested successfully & can be
made operational.
From Any Wi-Fi enabled location, when you try to browse a site, say www.yahoo.com,
you will be redirected to the Wifine logn page. If you are a first time user, you need to
register with PIN stated on your coupon. The following depicts the wifine login page.
(this Hotspots must be configured with static public IP)
The PIN is 13-digit unique key. After validating Pin, next page will let the end-user to
create profile. End-user can create user-name and password of their choice. Once
registered coupon is marked as ‘registers’ and cannot used for more registration.
After registration process End-user can use and login to wifi service using username
and password created.
at any time user can end the session by clicking logout button on
logout screen.
 Issues Relating to Wi-Fi
1. Installation materials.
2. Terms and Conditions
/ Rental or Revenue Sharing
4. Tariff Structure
5. Static IP address for each Hotspot.
(Reqd. for each hotspot.ADSL modem
Will be in bridge mode & PPPOE in
Nomadix.
5.Entry of AG & AP ips in EMS.
6.A/ T
 INSTALLATION MATERIALS
REQUIREMENT OF WI-FI

• IN THE PRESENT TENDER,SCOPE IS THERE FOR 50

METRES OF ETHERNET WIRING.
• IT IS NOT SUFFICIENT FOR LARGE HOTSPOTS.
• THE EXTRA MATERIALS REQD. ARE:
• 6 U RACK
• UPS
• 8/16 PORT SWITCH
• ETHERNET & POWER CABLING
• POE
• SEALING BOX (OUTDOOR INSTALLATIONS)
• GI PIPE
• RF CABLE & HELICAL ANTENNA
•
 TARIFF FOR TYPE A HOTSPOT

COUPON USAGE VALIDITY USAGE

VALUE MINUTES CHARGES/MIN
in Rs..
Rs. 100 100 mins. 15 days 1.00

Rs.250 275 mins 30 days 0.91

Rs 500 600 mins 45 days 0.83

Rs 1000 1500 mins 90 days 0.67

 TARIFF FOR TYPE-B HOTSPOTS

COUPON USAGE VALIDITY COMMISSION

DENOMINATI DURATIO
ON N
Rs.60 30 minutes 24 hrs 30%

Rs.90 60 minutes 24 hrs 32.5%

Rs 150 120 minutes 24 hrs 35%

Rs 400 24 hrs 72 hrs 40%

 WiMAX Mission
Statement

The purpose of WiMAX is to promote

deployment of broadband wireless access
networks by using a global standard and
certifying interoperability of products and
technologies
– Writing test specs
– Qualifying test labs
– Certifying products
WiMAX is the next revolutionary technology after WiFi
• Focus on interoperability
 IEEE 802.16a/d/e
• IEEE 802.16a – A Fixed Wireless Access standard
– PtMP, connection oriented MAC layer
– Three Physical layers: OFDM, OFDMA and Single Carrier
– Approved in April 2003
• IEEE 802.16d – now called IEEE 802.16-2004
– Approved in July 2004
– Focused on fixed applications
– Consolidates all amendments and base standard for WiMAX
• IEEE 802.16e – A Mobile Wireless Access standard
– Incorporate features and protocols needed for
portability/mobility
– Modes added to enhance portability/mobility performance
– Expect final approval H105
–
• HIPERMAN – the parallel ETSI effort
• Identical to 802.16a and 802.16d, except:
• Only OFDM PHY
WiMAX Vision: Broadband Everywhere

3 1
2
FRACTIONAL RESIDENTIAL &
BACKHAUL for
T1 for SMALL SoHo DSL LEVEL
BUSINESS HOTSPOTS
Mobile
Backhaul SERVICE 4
WMAN Nomadic
T1+ LEVEL 802.16 802.1 Coverage -->
SERVICE d 6d handoff fromH HOT
ENTERPRISE H SPOTS
H

H H
H
H H
H
802.1
6e 5 = wide area
coverage outside of
Hot Spots
INTERNET
BACKBONE
BWA Operator
Network Backbone Mobility
 Salient features of BSNLWIMAX

1. WIMAX IN 10 CITIES-1.KOLKATA 2.CHENNAI

3.HYDERABAD 4. BANGLORE 5.AHMEDABAD
6.PUNE 7. HISSAR 8.ROHTAK 9.PINJORE
10.KARNAL
2. 150 TYPE 1 CPEs.(3 RJ 45)
5. VENDOR-MOTOROLA, APERTO TECNOLOGY
3.. FREQ. ALLOTTED- 2 FDD SPOTS OF 3.5 MHz.
4. FOUR SECTORS- 7.5MBPS*4 = 30 MBPS TOTAL
NET THROUGHPUT
5. BS CAPACITY-1000CPE,50 SUBSCRIBER/CPE
MODEL-PM 5000 BS,PM 300i CPE.
6. BS IS WIMAX CERTIFIED
WIMAX BS
WIMAX CPE components

CUSTOMER END ANTENNA , POE & PM 300i

Management Traffic connected to PE router via 128kbps
MLLN circuit & data traffic to Tier-II
1. User Data is backhauled to the Tier II switch using Ethernet over SDH or
relevant media.
2. Management Data is transported to the PE router using a 128kbps MLLN
backhaul.
NMS Bangalore
3. EMS Client connected to the PE using 128kbps MLLN backhaul
4. All Management elements are part of a VPN.

EMS Server
City A

BTS Location
Provider
Router

MPLS CORE
Tier I Tier II
CPE
Locations

Provider
User/ Backhaul Data
Router Broadband RAS/ Eth over SDH Eth over SDH
Provider Edge

Tier I Tier II

EMS Client
Provider Edge
Router

128Kbps Managed Leased Line Network

Management Data
 Snapshot of Frequency Spectrum for WiMAX (2.3 - 5.8 GHz)

MMDS 3.5GHz band Low/Mid Upper

~2500-2690 3400-3600 UNII-band UNII-band
2700-2900 (802.11a) ~5725-5850
5150-5350
3300-3400
ISM (11b/g) WRC (new)
5470-5725
2400-2480
US WCS WiMAX profiles available
2305-2320
2345-2360 Other Bands

Note : WPC has allotted two no of FDD frequencies of 3.5 MHz

(1) 3308.75 / 3358.75 MHz (2) 3312.25 / 3362.25 MHz
Performance Requirement from WiMax as
per BSNL Tender
CPE Performance:
– 8 Mbps net throughput per sector
– Shall support 50 subscriber per CPE
– BSNL has specifically asked for V5.2,
G703,Gx interface in BS & POTS, VOIP,
USB,G703 interfaces in CPE besides the
normal FE interface in BS & CPE. BSNL
has given 1 Year time frame to bidder to
provide these interfaces since these are
not available with any bidders.
 APPLICATIONS OF WIMAX
• Multiple broadband from a single
CPE.(Each subs. With different SLA)
• Backhaul of wi-fi
• Backhaul of DSLMP
• Internet lease line.
• MPLS VPN sopport.
 FIG 1- DSLAM BACKHAUL APPLICATION
FIG-1
Up to 20kmts

Ethernet Ethernet
CANOPY CANOPY CANOPY

Wi-Max
BTS
Wi-Max Wi-Max DSLAM
DSLAM CPE CPE
Location-2
Location-1

Ethernet
Switch

INTERNET
BACKBONE
BRAS
FIG-2 Wireless Broadband Application
SME

ENTERPRISE

Wi-Max
Wi-Max CPE
CPE
KIOSK
CANOPY CANOPY CANOPY

Wi-Max
Base Station

Wi-Max
Wi-Fi CPE
Wi-Max
Access
CPE
Point
Wi-Fi
HOTSPOT

INTERNET BACKBONE
FIG 3- BROADBAND SERVICE USING WI-MAX

Ethernet
Cable
Wi-Max
CPE

Ethernet Wi-Max
Switch C A NO P Y C A NO P Y CANOPY
Base Station

INTERNET BACKBONE
FIG 4- BROADBAND SERVICE USING WI-FI AND WI-MAX

Wi-Max
CPE

Wi-Fi Wi-Max
Access C A NO P Y C A NO P Y CANOPY
Base Station
Point

INTERNET BACKBONE
FIG-5 MPLS-VPN CONNECTIVITY
SME

ENTERPRISE

Wi-Max
Wi-Max CPE
CPE
SME
CANOPY CANOPY CANOPY

Wi-Max
Base Station

SWITCH
Wi-Max
CPE

MPLS INTERNET BACKBONE

NETWORK
 Combined VoIP, DSL & Wi-Max Solution for
URBAN and RURAL Telephony

CO Local
PSTN

Cu
Media Gateway Pairs
SIP Proxy &
Media POTS Splitter
Existing
Server
Loop SOHO
Network
Voice DSL CPE
10/100B &
1 T Data
ATA
BSNL
INTERNET
IP DSLAM
IP
BRAS
Rural Telephony 1
Aperto Aperto 2
Wi-Max
Wireless Access
Wi-Max CPE 3
Network 1 Analog 24 port
FXS gateway
2 2
4
 Issues with WI-MAX Equipment

4. Site survey
5. 5.2/G703 interfaces at CPE & BS end.
6. Height of Antenna at CPE end for longer
distance.
7. Upgradation/Replacement to certified
equipment.