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Name of the Participants : Suneel.M Sarada.

K
Chaitanya Reddy.K
Institute : Bapatla polytechnic, baptla
Department : Electronic and Communication
Engg.
Major Topic : Behavior of Passive Components
Sub Topic : V-I characteristics and power
calculation of a pure resistor circuit
with AC source
Sub Code & Title : EC 303 & Circuit Theory
Duration : 50 minutes
Teaching Aids : PPT

EC303.3 1
objectives

On completion of this period ,you would be able


to understand

• V-I characteristics of resistance

• AC through pure resistance

• Power

• Average power

EC303.3 2
AC Through Pure Resistance

• Consider a simple circuit consisting of a pure resistance


R ohms connected across an AC voltage source
v(t) = V m sinωt

EC303.3 3
AC Through Pure Resistance

For Normal AC currents the resistor essentially


behaves as a dissipative element
Electrical energy is dissipated in the form of Heat
energy
The Power dissipation is
• independent of the direction of current flow
• independent of the frequency.

EC303.3 4
AC Through Pure Resistance

Therefore it implies that the AC impedance of a resistor


is the same as its DC resistance.
 It is assumed that RMS values are considered for
Voltage and current

EC303.3 5
Analysis

v(t) Vmsinωt
I= =
R R

Vm
I= V m sin(ωt)
R

Vm
I= sinθ
R since θ= ωt
Analysis
Vm
Im = Since sin 90o = 1
R

Therefore I = im sin θ

EC303.3 7
Power

Alternating currents and voltages change their polarity


during each cycle.
Therefore the power also pulsates with time.
The product of voltage v and current i at any instant of time
is called instantaneous power p
 It is given by:

p = vi

EC303.3 8
Power
• The instantaneous power in AC circuits is the product of
instantaneous values of current and voltage.

P= v(t) x i

= Vm sinθ x Im sinθ

= (Vm Im) sin2θ

Vm Im
= (1-cos 2θ)
2

= Vm Im Vm Im cos2θ
2 - 2
EC303.3 9
• The instantaneous power consists of two
components

(i) The first term Vm Im represents constant power


2
(ii) The second term Vm Im cos 2θ
2
represents fluctuating power

Therefore total power supplied during one full cycle

EC303.3 10

Vm Im Vm Im (cos 2θ dθ)
P=
2 0 2∫
= V m Im
2
Vm Im
Or total power P =
2
Vm Im
= X
√2 √2
= Vrms X Irms
EC303.3 11
Power fluctuations in Pure resistor

EC303.3 12
Average power (PAV)

• The average power consumption over one cycle is equal


to the constant power component
Vm Im
2
Vm Im Vm Im
P= = X
2 √2 √2
PAV = V X I watts

EC303.3 13
EXAMPLE1

An alternating EMF 200 Sin 314 t is applied to a


Resistor of 20 Ω. Find (I) The current, (ii)
Power?

Sol: Given Data

R=20Ω

Vm=200 Sin314t
2

VRMS= 200V / = 141.4V

EC303.3 14
EXAMPLE1

I Max= V Max / R

= 200/10 = 10 Amps

IRMS = I Max / 2
2
= 10/ = 7.07 A

Power P=VRMSIRMS = 141.7x 7.07

=1000 Watts (Ans)

EC303.3 15
Summary

In this session we have learnt the behavior of AC


Voltages in a Pure resistance and noted the
• The current is in phase with the voltage

• Power = RMS voltage x RMS current

• Average power PAV = V X I watts

• Exercise
EC303.3 16
Questions

• State the V-I relations for Resistor

• Derive the expression of Current for pure Resistor Circuit

• Derive the expression of Power for pure Resistor Circuit

• Define Power and Average Power

EC303.3 17

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