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ANDHRA PRADESH
Name of the Staff Member : K.Vijaya Kumar
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Electronics and Communication
Engg.
Institution : Dr BRA GMR Polytechnic,
Rajahmundry.
Semester : III Semester
Subject : Circuit Theory
Sub. Code : EC-303
Topic : Resonance in AC Circuits and
Coupled Circuits
Duration : 50 Minitues
Sub. Topic : Q-factor of coil and capacitor circuits
Teaching Aids to be use : Diagrams& Images
EC 303.56 1
Objectives
• Definition Q-factor .
• Q-factor formula.
EC 303.56 2
Recap
EC 303.56 3
Series Resonance VL=IXL
VL is more than
applied Voltage
V
R L C (VL-VC) V
VR VL VC
Φ
VR(=IR)
~
V= vm sinωt
(VC=IXC)
EC303.55 4
Series Resonance
•In series resonant circuit the voltage drops across Inductor and
Capacitor often exceed the supply Voltage by many times as
shown in fig 1
•This is due to large current flow in the circuit
•However these Voltage drops cancel each other
•This is attributed to the Q factor of the circuit
EC 303.56 5
Quality factor
Figure 1
EC 303.56 6
Equivalent circuit of an inductor
Figure 2
EC 303.56 7
• The quality factor or the Q-factor of an inductor at the
operating frequency ω is defined as the ratio of reactance of
the coil to its resistance.
• For a coil ωL
Q = -----
R
L is the effective inductance of the coil in Henrys.
R is the effective resistance of the coil in Ohms.
Q is dimensionless ratio.
EC 303.56 8
• Q- factor may also be defined as
EC 303.56 9
• A sinusoidal voltage ‘V’ of frequency ω radians/second
as shown.
R L
VR VL
i
~
V= vm sinωt
Figure 3
EC 303.56 10
A.C THROUGH R-L CIRCUITS
Consider a circuit consisting of pure resistance R ohms connected
in series with a pure inductance of L henries.
R L
V
VR VL
i VL
~
VR
V= vm sinωt
EC303. 6 11
• The resulting peak current through the coil be Im.
1 2
LI m
2
• The average power dissipated in the inductor per cycle
2
Im
R
2
EC 303.56 12
• Hence the energy dissipated in the inductor per cycle ‘T’
2
Im
R.T
2
2
Im 1
.R.
2 f
2
1
LI m
Quality faactor, , Q = 2π
2
2
Im R
.
2 f
2πfL ωL
=
R R
EC 303.56 13
Q of a capacitor
1
Q=
ωCR
In this case also Q is dimensionless quantity.
EC 303.56 14
The alternative definition of ‘Q’
R C
+
VR VC
i
~
V= vm sinωt
EC303. 6 15
• The maximum energy stored in the capacitor.
1 2
CVmax
2
• Vmax is the maximum value across the capacitance ‘C’.
• If R << ω C.
• Then Vmax = Im
ωC
EC 303.56 16
• Maximum energy stored in capacitor C is
2
1 Im
2 ω2 C
2
Im R
2f
EC 303.56 17
Quality factor for a series resonance circuit
• The quality factor Qs of series resonant circuit can be
obtained in terms of R,L,C.
1
• ωo =
Substituting for ωo in above equations LC
1
( )L
ωL
We find Qo = o = LC
R R
L L L
=
R LC R L C
Or 1 L
Qo =
R C
EC 303.56 18
Q - Magnification factor of resonant Circuit
effect.
EC 303.56 19
• For RLC circuit at the resonance the current Io
through
= QoV
EC 303.56 20
• Similarly the voltage across the capacitor C is given by
V 1
Vc = Io.Xc = .
R ω oC
= Qo .V.
EC 303.56 21
• We find at resonance the voltage across L and C are equal to Q
times the applied voltage V.
Figure 5
EC 303.56 23
Example 1
EC 303.56 24
(a) The maximum voltage across the resistance occurs at
resonance when the current is a maximum. At resonance,
from which
Inductance L=
EC 303.56 25
(b) Current at resonance Ir =V/R = 206 ∠ 0°/106 ∠ 0°
= 2.06 ∠ 0° A
p.d. across resistance, VR = IrR = 2.06 0° x 10 = 206 ∠ 0° V
XL =
VL =
EC 303.56 26
p.d. across capacitor, VC = IXC =
= 200∠-900 V
EC 303.56 27
Summary
• Magnification factor.
EC 303.56 28
Frequently asked Questions
EC303/2
EC 303.56 29
Quiz
• 1 . A resonant circuit has a band width of 1000Hz. If
the existing coil is replaced by a coil with lower
‘Q’. What happens to the band width.
a) increases
b) decreases
c) zero (a)
EC 303.56 30
2. Q- factor for a coil
a) ω L / R
b) ω R/L
c) L/ ω R (a)
d) none
EC 303.56 31
3. Q – of a capacitor
a) 1/ ω CR
b) ω / CR (a)
c) ωC/R
d) none
EC 303.56 32