Department of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh
Name : K.Radhika
Designation : Lecturer in EC.
Branch : Electronics& Commn Engg
Institute : Govt Polytechnic Masabtank
Hyderabad.
Year/Semester : III Semester
Subject : Digital Electronics
Subject code : EC -304
Topic : Basics of Digital electronics
Sub Topic : Writing expressions, Demorgan’s laws
Duration : 50 Min
Teaching Aids used : PowerEC304.9
point, animations 1
Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be able to

• Write boolean expressions for the given statement.

• Implement the Boolean expression using gates

• State Demorgan’s theorems

EC304.9 2
Realization of the problem statement

• Read the statement of the problem carefully

• Identify variables from the statement

• Write Boolean expression

• Realize the expression using gates

EC304.9 3
Realization of problem statement with gates
Example

1) Student is eligible to appear for examination if he has

• got minimum % of attendance and
• Paid exam fee without fine,with in last date
• Or has paid exam fee with fine with in last date
then write expression for function Y and realise using
gates

EC304.9 4
Solution
• Y = eligibility to appear (1-eligible, 0-not eligible)
• A = Attendance (1- has required attendance, 0 - doesn’t have)
• B = Fee (1- Paid exam fee without fine within last date, 0 - not paid)
• C = Fine (1- paid fine within last date with fine, 0 - has not paid fine)
then we can write the expression as

EC304.9 5
Implement the function using basic gates
Ex2: Realise the following expression using gates?

Y = A B+ A B

A
B
Y = A B+ A B
A
B

EC304.9 6
Demorgan’s First law

Statement :

• The complement of the sum of individuals

is equal to the product of the individuals

A+ B= A.B

EC304.9 7
Proof of first law

A+ B= A.B

A B Ā B A+B A.B
0 0 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0

EC304.9 8
Demorgan’s First law:

=
B

A
=
B

EC304.9 9
Venn diagram of first law

• Simple to understand an identity by drawing

Venn Diagram.
• For example DeMorgan’s first law
A + B= A.B
Also be written as

A ∪B = A ∩B

EC304.9 10
Visual DeMorgan

A: B:

A∪B : A∪ B :
EC304.9 11
 A: B:

B:
A:

A∩ B :
EC304.9 12
Visual DeMorgan

A∪ B =

A∩ B =
EC304.9 13
Demorgan’s Second law

Statement :

• The Complement of the product of individuals

is equal to the sum of the individuals

A.B= A + B

EC304.9 14
Proof of Demorgan’ law

A.B= A + B

A B Ā B
0 0 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 0

EC304.9 15
Demorgan’s second law

=
B

= B

EC304.9 16
Summary

We discussed about

• Writing expressions from the statements.

• Realise them using gates.

• Demorgan’s laws

EC304.9 17
QUIZ

EC304.9 18
1. According to Demorgan’s first theorem

a) A NAND gate is always complementary to AND gate

b) AND gate = bubbled NAND gate
c) NOR gate = bubbled AND gate
d) NAND gate = bubbled NOR gate

EC304.9 19
2. According to Demorgan’s second theorem

a) A NAND gate is always complementary to AND gate

b) AND gate = bubbled NAND gate
c) NAND gate = bubbled AND gate
d) NAND gate = bubbled OR gate

EC304.9 20
3.For this circuit the output equation is

A
B
Y
C
D

• Y = A+ BCD
• Y = AB + CD
• Y = ABC + D

• None above

EC304.9 21
Frequently asked questions

1. State and prove Demorgan’s laws?

EC304.9 22
Assignment

1. Write the boolean expression for the below

statement and realise that function using gates?

A student will have money to buy his

favorite book if
• His mother gives him pocket money
• his father gives him money to buy
• He got good marks & awarded
scholarship .

EC304.9 23
Draw the logic circuit of the below functions
using gates?

F1 = A + AD
F2 = A B + CD
F3 = (X +Y).Z
F4 = (A' + B).(C + D)

EC304.9 24