DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name of the faculty : T.Madhavi Kumari
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Electronics & Comn. Engg
Institute : Govt. Polytechnic ,Vijayawada
Semester : III Semester
Subject : Electronics –I
Subject Code : EE-305
Topic : Introduction to Amplifiers
Duration : 50 min.
Sub Topic : 5.2 Necessity of proper
biasing for amplifier action
Teaching aids : PPT,visuals.
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 RECAP

• Already we discussed about the

• transistor as an amplifier

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 Objectives:

Upon the completion of this period the student will be

able to know

• Proper biasing conditions of a transistor

• Transistor load line analysis

• Operating point

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Unfaithful amplification

• What will happen if VBB is not provided?

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Conditions for proper biasing of a transistor

• Proper zero signal collector current

- D.C current IC due to VBB
I should be at least equal to the maximum collector
-- C

current due to signal alone

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Conditions (continued)

• Proper minimum base-emitter voltage

- VBE should not fall below
0.3V for Ge transistor
0.7 V for Si transistor

• Proper minimum collector –emitter voltage

- VCE should not fall below
0.5V for Ge transistor
0.7V for Si transistor

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 Transistor Biasing

• Proper flow of zero signal collector current and the

maintenance of proper collector-emitter voltage during the
passage of signal

• Operation is restricted to the linear region (active region)

of the characteristic curves

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Transistor Load line
• D.C. Load line
-determines the locus of VCE-IC points for any
given RC
VCE=VCC-IC RC

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A.C. load line

• Steeper than D.C. load line

• Takes into accounts the a.c. load resistance

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Example on D.C. load line

• Draw the d.c. load • Solution

line for the given VCE=VCC-ICRC
circuit. When IC=0,
VCE=12.5V
When VCE=0,
IC=5mA

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Operating point

• Zero signal values of IC and VCE

• Variations of IC and VCE takes place about this point

When signal is applied.

• Also known as “Q ” point

• Point of intersection of A.C. and D.C. load lines.

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Summary

We have discussed about the

• Conditions required for faithful amplification

• Transistor load lines

• Significance of the operating point

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 QUIZ

1. Operating point represents

(a) values of IC and VCE when signal is applied

(b) the magnitude of the signal

(c) zero signal values of IC and VCE

(d) none of the above

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2. DC load line has a slope of

(a) 1/RC

(b) RC

(c) -1/RC

(d) -RC

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3. The d.c load line of a transistor circuit

(a) is a graph between IC and VCE

(b) is a graph between IC and IB

(c) is a curved line

(d) none of the above

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4. If the maximum IC due to signal alone is 3mA,then
zero signal IC should be at least equal to

(a) 6 mA

(b) 1.5 mA

(c) 3 mA

(d) 1 mA

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 Frequently asked questions

1. What is d.c.load line and explain its significance.

4. Define operating point.

3. Explain the necessity of biasing the transistor

for amplifier action.

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