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MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e
Outline
1) Trace element dispersion patterns
2) Geology and distal veins 3) Ultraviolet fluorescence of vein calcite
UBC
- District contains CRD-skarn, Carlin-style Au, low-grade porphyry-Cu, low grade Au, Ag-Cu base metal veins
Yauricocha District
421 000E 423000E
marble
Km
N
8640 000N
Limit o f
B CachiCachi
B
Au - zone 60 - 264ppb Cu - zone 0.3% Cu
A Pass A
Sa nA
San Jua n
nto nio
Purisima Conception
Lim fm it o
8638 000N
ble ar
Lake Acococha
Elevation (meters)
Jumasha Formation Quartz Monzonite Celendin Formation Bleached marble Gray marble Gray limestone Pb-Zn-Ag orebody Rock sample location
500
1000
10
0 500
0 12000
0 500
0 1000
Yauricocha District
421 000E 423000E
marble
Km
N
8640 000N
Limit o f
B CachiCachi
B
Au - zone 60 - 264ppb Cu - zone 0.3% Cu
A Pass A
Sa nA
San Jua n
nto nio
Purisima Conception
Lim fm it o
8638 000N
ble ar
Lake Acococha
West
Elevation (meters)
East
Skarn - CRD mineralization
Jumasha Formation Quartz Monzonite Pb-Zn-Ag orebody Rock sample location Bleached marble Gray marble
100 Meters
200
km
NW
SE
Upper Jumasha Fm.
5000m
4940m
Marker horizon
Rosa Vein
Rosa 2 Vein
4900m
4800m
4700m
4725m
4600m
4300m
4200m 4180m
Uchucchacua - Rosa Vein 4940m Section vein and footwall geochemical traverse
North
T bedded gray footwall limestone hin
Most veins strike 100 to 110
Similar calcite veins and veinlets continue for at least another 70 meters
0
South
R osa V ein
X X
270 269
X
280
268
267
X X
278 277 276
265 263
264
X266
275
X
274
X
273
X
272 271 258
262 257
X
254
259
279
253
Vertical cliff
UTM 316754E 8826157N
1/5 6/1
0.6/7 5/1
0.5/6 40/2
2/3 0
0.1/1 25/1
0.7/3 0
0.5/3 25/1
1/4 0
3/5 0
2/4 10/2
2/4 0
1/6 10/1
0.2/3 15/2
0.2/3 7/1
0.1/6 0
10
12
14
16
18
20
Meters North-south section across the Rosa Vein at surface at 4940m elevation. Face of section trends 020 degrees.
White +/- gray and brownish calcite. Crustiform banding Late Mn-Fe breccia Breccia
White calcite veinlet Calcite veinlets with Mn and Fe-oxides Crustiform banded whitebrown-gray calcite vein
265
280
North
* Most calcite veins strike 90 to 100 or 010 to 030 * There are some shallow dipping calcite filled tension gashes
0 0
Rosa Vein
Dark gray limestone with Str. 900 dip vertical white calcite veins and veinlets
(Projected 15 to 20m)
316
South
Limit of exposure
X
310
317
X
312
X X X
314
Adit
315 1/20 5/1 1/20 7/2
Not accessable
X
305
304
311
313
}
0
0.5/9 5/1
1/20 25/1
10
12
14
16
18
20
Meters
313
Distal Veins
1) Quartz-carbonate Ag-Mn base metal veins
2) Geochemistry 3) Link to intrusions
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
Yauricocha District
421 000E 423000E
Limit o f ma
B CachiCachi
B
Au - zone 60 - 264ppb Cu - zone 0.3% Cu
rble
A Pass A
Sa nA
San Jua n
nto nio
Purisima Conception
Lim fm it o
Km
ble ar
100 Meters
200
Intrusive
Anamaray Skarn
241
X 240
239 238
1m vein Calcite-silica with 10% alabandite, 3% pyrite Ag 383 ppm Mn 12% As 1910 ppm Pb 0.06 % Zn 0.14% Hg 6.3 ppm
245
Garnetpyroxene Skarn
X 242
Limestone
X243
Ma rb le ed lim est on e
244
X
1m silicified limestone silica-calcite vein with pyrite-orpiment-realgar Ag 1640 ppm Mn 16% As 4090 ppm Pb 0.2% Zn 0.6% Hg >10 ppm
Calc-silicate veinlets
Silica-carbonate veinlets
Ho rnf els
60
80
Silicified Limestone
337
Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Cd-Bi-Se-te
330
65
100 Meters
200
Geology map of the Contonga Mine area. Simplified and modified from Bodenlos and Ericksen (1955).
Qtz-gal-py-cal-fluor Ag-Au-As-Pb-Zn
Ridge Road
Antamina
Peak Nine
UV Fluorescence
1) Some hydrothermal calcite associated with skarn-CRD and distal veins fluoresces red
2) Upper veins at Uchucchacua fluoresce red and white-blue 3) Syn-tectonic veins do not fluoresce
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
C
17.77
11.09
14.49
13.64
12.34 6.02
16.17
15.84
UV Fluorescence
1) A hand held UV lamp may be useful in distinguishing calcite related to mineralization vs. syn-tectonic calcite 2) Can UV help distinguish level in the system? 3) What are the compositional variations affecting fluorescence?
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
Surface
0 km
qua rtz in v
ein s
1 km
of h imit L
e ornf
ls
e arbl of m it Lim
Dec r
e as ing
CRD Yauricocha
Skarn Antamina
Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag
Milpo Bleached marble Low-grade porphyry Cu-Mo Gray marble
2 km
Conclusions
1) There are large and variable geochemical anomalies in carbonate rocks around skarn-CRD at Yauricocha, largely veinlet controlled. 2) Field relationships and geochemistry indicate distal Ag-Mn-base metal veins are directly related to intrusion/ skarn systems. 3) The proposed simplified vein model has important exploration implications. Additional work to test/improve the model us ongoing. 4) Combined trace element, oxygen isotopes, and UV fluorescence may provide exploration guides.
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
225 Analyses
Antamina (130) Chacua (37) Yauricocha (49) Milpo (9) 21 to 25 d18O (VSMOW) 1 to 3 d13C (VPDB)
Sedimentary protolith:
Mineralized zones and distal halos record depletion of d18O +/- d13C
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
Overview
Deposits span a continuum within a magmatic hydrothermal system and allow development of a conceptual model Distal alteration controlled by stratigraphy and structure Lateral alteration haloes are narrow when hosted by steeply dipping strata (Milpo) Wider haloes are associated with gently dipping strata
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
and 13C halo (> 10 m) around veins provides largest target (larger than trace elements)
Advective bleaching of marble provides largest target (larger than 18O and 13C)
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
Surface
0 km
of h imit
ornf
els
of imit
bl e mar
in v eins
g qu artz
18
CRD
Yauricocha
Large zones with variable 18 d O depletion halos mostly within bleached limestone
Skarn
Antamina Narrow d O depletion halo within bleached limestone Milpo
18
Bleached marble
2 km Gray marble
Milpo
Yauricocha District
Pass transect
Variable d18O depletions up to 1400 m Strong d18O depletions within inner 400 m Purisima Conception - meteoric influence? Depletions in d13C correlate with d18O. Variable d18O depletions coincident with bleached marble (~200 m) Depletions in d13C correlate with d18O.
Cachi-Cachi transect
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
Yauricocha District
421 000E 423000E
marble
Km
N
8640 000N
Limit o f
B CachiCachi
B
Au - zone 60 - 264ppb Cu - zone 0.3% Cu
A Pass A
Sa nA
San Jua n
nto nio
Purisima Conception
Lim fm it o
8638 000N
ble ar
Lake Acococha
Uchucchacua
Transects sample approx 500 m vertical zonation Calcite veins have light d18O (14-19 ) with lowest values at depth No lateral alteration halo at highest levels (4950 m) Lateral d18O depletion halo (> 10 m) at depth (4450 m) d13C depletion (values of 0 to -9 ) correlates with d18O MDRU Late veins record meteoric influx
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
d18O
Uchucchacua
Transects sample approx 500 m vertical zonation Calcite veins have light d18O (14-19 ) with lowest values at depth No lateral alteration halo at highest levels (4950 m) Lateral d18O depletion halo (> 10 m) at depth (4450 m) d13C depletion (values of 0 to -9 ) correlates with d18O MDRU Late veins record meteoric influx
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
d C per mil
13
21.15, 2.93 15.84, -1.91 15.94, -1.96 20.56, -7.18 17.67, -1.96
South
Rosa Vein
Similar calcite veins and veinlets continue for at least another 70 meters
X X
270 269
X
280
268
267
X X
278 277 276
265 263
264
X266
275
X
274
X
273
X
272 271 258
X262
257
X
254
259 253
279
Vertical cliff
UTM 316754E 8826157N
1/5 6/1
0.6/7 5/1
0.5/6 40/2
2/3 0
0.1/1 25/1
0.7/3 0
0.5/3 25/1
1/4 0
3/5 0
2/4 10/2
2/4 0
1/6 10/1
0.2/3 15/2
0.2/3 7/1
0.1/6 0
10 Meters
12
14
16
18
20
16.41, -5.73
North
Limit of exposure
Rosa Vein
317
South
X
312
X X X
314
Adit
315
Not accessable
X
305
304
311
313
Calcite veins less than 5cm Calcite veins greater than 5 cm Average width in cm / number per 2m interval
2 Meters
Uchucchacua
Transects sample approx 500 m vertical zonation Calcite veins have light d18O (14-19 ) with lowest values at depth No lateral alteration halo at highest levels (4950 m) Lateral d18O depletion halo (> 10 m) at depth (4450 m) d13C depletion (values of 0 to -9 ) correlates with d18O MDRU Late veins record meteoric influx
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
Synthesis
Skarn, CRD deposits have d18O of 11 to 14 , indicative of magmatic fluid (~ 11) Uchucchacua veins formed at 175 to 275 C (based on fluid inclusions, Bussell et al 1990) Vertical zonation in vein d18O consistent with precipitation from magmatic fluids at 200250 C
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
A
Yauricocha
Meteoric influence?
Magmatichydrothermal
Limestone
Contonga
Milpo
Anamary
Antamina (Fortuna)
(F.I. Temps. Mainly 175 to 275 C, ave. 250 C)
o o
Uchucchacua
400 C
o
300 C
200 C
10
15
20
25
d O
18
Skarn-CRD calcite or proximal vein Distal vein calcite Late calcite vein
Antamina
Exposures allow sampling of vertical zonation over 500 m Highest levels (Fortuna, ~ 1km) probably slightly deeper than Ag zone at Chacua Isotope alteration style is similar to Chacua Ag zone Distal alteration target is stable isotope depletion halo Deepest levels (1.5 to 2 km) have similarities to Yauricocha
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e
Gray Marble (G) reflects protolith composition Cryptic distal alteration recorded in some samples Gray marble from vicinity of brown carbonate veins (GVB) are depleted to as low as 11
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
3.00
2.00
d 13C (VPDB)
1.00
0.00
-1.00
-2.00
-3.00 0.00
5.00
10.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
Bleached Marble
Planar harline sulfide veins with cm wide bleaching haloes Isotopically unaltered Stratigraphically and structurally controlled Massive, homogeneous d18O depletion to as low as 13 Pervasive homogeneous percolation of magmatichydrothermal fluids
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
MDRU
Antamina
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p o s i t
R e s e a r c h
U n i t
Antamina
MDRU
Antamina
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p o s i t
R e s e a r c h
U n i t
Antamina
Bleached Marble
4.00 BS BL BM
3.00
2.00
d 13C (VPDB)
1.00
0.00
-1.00
-2.00
-3.00 0.00
5.00
10.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
Veins
Early (syntectonic) veins (VE) are similar to protolith isotopically Syn-mineralization veins (VM) and brown carbonate mineralized veins (VMB) are low in d18O (11 to 14 ) VM, VMB also depleted in d13C with lighter values at depth Late white and clear calcite (VL) veins locally have meteoric signature
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
Veins
4.00 VE VM VMB VL
2.00
0.00
-2.00
d 13C (VPDB)
-4.00
-6.00
-8.00
-10.00
-12.00 0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
d 18O (VSMOW)
Overview
Deposits span a continuum within a magmatic hydrothermal system and allow development of a conceptual model Distal alteration controlled by stratigraphy and structure Lateral alteration haloes are narrow when hosted by steeply dipping strata (Milpo) Wider haloes are associated with gently dipping strata
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
Surface
0 km
of h imit
ornf
els
of imit
bl e mar
in v eins
g qu artz
18
CRD
Yauricocha
Large zones with variable 18 d O depletion halos mostly within bleached limestone
Skarn
Antamina Narrow d O depletion halo within bleached limestone Milpo
18
Bleached marble
2 km Gray marble
and 13C halo (> 10 m) around veins provides largest target (larger than trace elements)
Advective bleaching of marble provides largest target (larger than 18O and 13C)
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
Uchucchacua
1000 Ag 18O 24
22 100 20
d 18O (per mil)
Ag (ppm)
18 10
16
14
12
10
Surface
0 km
of h imit
ornf
els
of imit
bl e mar
in v eins
g qu artz
18
CRD
Yauricocha
Large zones with variable 18 d O depletion halos mostly within bleached limestone
Skarn
Antamina Narrow d O depletion halo within bleached limestone Milpo
18
Bleached marble
2 km Gray marble
Massive bleaching over 20 m immediately outboard of skarn Oxygen isotope depletion is limited to ~ 2 m Limited lateral percolation of magmatic fluids Marble cap was an effective seal to the system
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p
MDRU
M i n e r a l
UBC
D e p o s i t
R e s e a r c h
U n i t
Antamina