Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Past, Present
and
Future
Reijo Jäsmä, Amir R Razavi
Introduction
Working Applications
Strengths and Limitations
Ethical and Safety Considerations
Challenges, Future and Conclusion
Definition: Robot
“A reprogrammable multifunctional
manipulator, designed to move material,
parts, tools or specialized devices through
variable programmed motions for the
performance of a variety of tasks” [Robot
Institute of America]
Motivation
Started with the weaknesses and strengths of
minimally invasive surgery (MIS)
Smaller incisions, shorter post-operative
time, reduced infection, faster rehabilitation,
lesser pain, better cosmetics, ...
Eye-hand coordination, difficulty in moving
arms, degree of motion
History
Puma 560: for placing a needle
for a brain biopsy while guided
by CT scan (1985) followed by
PROBOT and ROBODOC.
NASA started to develop telepresence
surgery in 80s; the main research force
behind the development of surgical robots.
Robotics in Surgery
Autonomous robots
Master-Slave robots
Computer assisted
Available systems
da Vinci robotic system.
Zeus Robotic xyxtem
...
Surgery domains
Cardiology
Gynaecology
General surgery
Urology
Orthopaedics
Paediatrics
Strengths
Physical separation
Wrist action
Tremor elimination
Optional motion scaling
Three-dimensional stereoscopic image
Electronic information transfer (Telesurgery)
Limitations
Sensation
Confined operative field
Anesthesia complications
Break down
Increased operation time
Cost of equipment
Sterlization
Limitations
Cost
The average base cost of a da Vinci Surgical
System is €1,000,000 million.
Approximately €110,000 maintenance cost a
year
Operating room cost, €100.90 per hour
Hospital stay cost, €432 per day
Time away from work, €83 per day
Ref: Jennifer Brooks, University of North Carolina, November 9, 2006
Haptic feedback
A safe, easy sterilizable, accurate, cheap and
compact robot
Reliable telesurgical capabilities
Compatibility with available medical equipment
and standardizing
Introducing autonomous robot surgeons