Modes OF Transportation In INDIA

MADE By :

Anish Kumar

Transport in the Republic of India is an

important part of the nation's economy. Today in the country we have a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. However, the relatively low GDP of India has meant that access to these modes of transport has not been uniform.

Indias transport sector is large and diverse, it

caters to the needs of 1.1 5billion people. In 2007, the sector contributed about 5.5 percent to the nations GDP. Since the early 1990s, India's growing economy has witnessed a rise in demand for transport infrastructure and services.

The nation has just 13 million cars on its

roads which is just over 1% of the countrys population. In addition only 10% of the Indian households own a motorcycle. In India, public transport still remains the primary mode of transport. Indian railways is the largest and fourth most heavily utilized system in the world.

IMPORTANCE
Roads are the vital lifelines of the economy making possible

trade and commerce. Roads are most preferred modes of transportation and considered as one of the cost effective modes of transportation. Roads are easily accessible to each individual. Roads facilitate movement of both men and materials anywhere within a country. It helps in socio-economic development as well as brings national integration. It provides linkages to other modes of transportation like railways, airways, and shipping, etc. Road transport is contributing 3.69% to GDP where as all transportation modes are contributing a total of 5.5% to GDP

Walking Palanquin Bullock carts and horse carriages Bicycles Hand-pulled rickshaws Cycle rickshaws Trams

Modern transportation
These are the major means of transportation now a days:
Railways Road ways Air ways Water ways

Railways
Indian Railways is one of the largest railways

under single management. It carries some 17 million passengers and 2 million tons of freight a day and is one of the worlds largest employer. The railways play a leading role in carrying passengers and cargo across India's vast territory.

The trains were introduced by the British in

1853. The Indian railways improved a lot from then on to become the one of the longest railway networks in the world. There are 16 railway zones in India. There are almost 8000 railway stations in the country.

Zonal Railways

Headquarters

Central Railway
Eastern Railway

Mumbai CST
Kolkata

Northern Railway
North Eastern Railway North-East Frontier Railway Southern Railway South Central Railway South Eastern Railway Western Railway East Central Railway East Coast Railway North Central Railway North Western Railway South East Central Railway South Western Railway West Central Railway

New Delhi
Gorakhpur Maligaon (Guwahati) Chennai Secunderabad Kolkata Church Gate, Mumbai Hajipur Bhubaneswar Allahabad Jaipur Bilaspur Hubli Jabalpur

The total route length of the railway network is

64,061 km (39,806 mi). About 46% of the railway route is electrified. The Indian railways uses 4 gauges: broad gauge, standard gauge, meter gauge, narrow gauge.

Notable trains and achievements

There are two UNESCO World Heritage Sites on IR

the Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus and the Mountain railways of India. The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, a narrow gauge railway in West Bengal. The Nilgiri Mountain Railway, a meter gauge railway in the Nilgiri Hills in Tamil Nadu. The Kalka-Shimla Railway, a narrow gauge railway in the Shivalik mountains in Himachal Pradesh

Road transport
Roads

are the dominant mode of transportation in India today. They carry almost 90 percent of the countrys passenger traffic and 65 percent of its freight. The density of Indias highway network -- at 0.66 km of highway per square kilometer of land is similar to that of the United States (0.65) and much greater than China's (0.16) or Brazil's (0.20).

However, most highways in India are narrow

and congested with poor surface quality, and 40 percent of Indias villages do not have access to all-weather roads. Road network of India is the largest road networks(3.314 million kilometers ) in the world. India's road network consists of national highways, state highways, district roads and village roads.

Statistics.of Road Type

Expressways National Highways State Highways Major District Roads Rural and Other Roads Total Length

Length 200 km (120 mi) 66,590 km (41,380 mi) 131,899 km (81,958 mi) 467,763 km (290,654 mi) 2,650,000 km (1,650,000 mi) 3,300,000 km (2,050,000 mi) (Approx)

Mumbai Pune Expressway

Air transportation

There are many airlines which are operating in

India. The Air India, India's flag carrier, presently operates a fleet of 159 aircraft and plays a major role in connecting India with the rest of the world. The other airlines such as Kingfisher Airlines, Air India and Jet Airways are the most popular brands in domestic air travel in order of their market share.

There are almost 220 airports in India .these

include all types of airports. Out of which 27 are international airports. Others include domestic airports, air force based airports and etc

The market share of different airlines in India

Water and sea transport

Types of water transport.

Inland water transport

Ocean transport

National waterways.
Allahabad Saidiya Kollam Bhadrachalam Mangalgadi

Major ports of India

Constraints.
Ships have to wait long for berthing.
Manual handling and poor labor productivity. Old type of equipment. Draft restrictions. Night navigation unavailable. Poor availability of railway wagons and road trucks. Insufficient warehousing. Tardy procedure.

Public nature of transport infrastructure.

Relationship between the nature of the

individual commodities and the modes of transportation preferred by the commodity. Modes of transportation used for bulk freight traffic. Over years inland freight traffic has been shifting from rail to road.

Any questions???

Have a great evening ahead