A Group of Wire Between Two Part of Hardware: There Are Three Main Bus Groups

Bus
a group of wire between two part of hardware There are three main bus groups
ADDRESS BUS DATA BUS CONTROL BUS
2/3 of compter times is used for data transfer therefor the data bus bandwidth is very important.
M_nokhodchian@yahoo.com
Microprocessors 1
Data Bus
The Data Bus carries the data which is transferred throughout the system. ( bi-directional) Examples of data transfers
Program instructions being read from memory into MPU. Data being sent from MPU to I/O port Data being read from I/O port going to MPU Results from MPU sent to Memory
These are called read and write operations
Microprocessors 2
Address Bus
An address is a binary number that identifies a specific memory storage location or I/O port involved in a data transfer The Address Bus is used to transmit the address of the location to the memory or the I/O port.
The Address Bus is unidirectional ( one way ): addresses are always issued by the MPU.
Microprocessors 3
Control Bus
The Control Bus: is another group of signals whose functions are to provide synchronization ( timing control ) between the MPU and the other system components.
Control signals are unidirectional, and are mainly outputs from the MPU. Example Control signals
RD: read signal asserted to read data into MPU WR: write signal asserted to write data from MPU
Microprocessors 4
Main memory
The duties of the memory are :
To store programs To provide data to the MPU on request To accept result from the MPU for storage ROM : read only memory. Contains program (Firmware). does not lose its contents when power is removed (Non-volatile) RAM: random access memory (read/write memory) used as variable data, loses contents when power is removed volatile. When power up will contain random data values
Main memory Types

Microprocessors 5
Read-Only Memory
MP can read instructions from ROM quickly Cannot write new data to the ROM ROM remembers the data, even after power cycled Typically, when the power is turned on, the microprocessor will start fetching instructions from the still-remembered program in ROM (bootstrap )
Microprocessors 6
RAM (Random Access Memory)

The MP can read the data from RAM quickly, The MP can write new data quickly to RAM RAM forgets its data if power is turned off Two type of is available :
Static RAM(SRAM): ff base, fast, expensive, low cap/vol, applied for cache , no refresh Dynamic RAM (DRAM): cap base, slow , low cost high capacity/volume , applied for main memory(pc) need refresh.
Microprocessors 7
The 8051 Microcontroller
Microprocessors 8
8051 Basic Component

4K bytes internal ROM 128 bytes internal RAM Four 8-bit I/O ports (P0 - P3). Two 16-bit timers/counters One serial interface 64k external memory for code 64k external memory for data 210 bit addressable
Microcontroller
Microprocessors 9
Block Diagram
External Interrupts
Interrupt Control
4k ROM
128 bytes RAM
Timer 0 Timer 1
CPU
OSC
Bus Control
4 I/O Ports
Serial
P0 P2 P1 Addr/Data
P3
TXD RXD
Microprocessors 10
Other 8051 featurs

only 1 On chip oscillator (external crystal) 6 interrupt sources (2 external , 3 internal, Reset) 64K external code (program) memory(only read)PSEN 64K external data memory(can be read and write) by
RD,WR
Code memory is selectable by EA (internal or external) We may have External memory as data and code
Microprocessors 11
Three criteria in Choosing a Microcontroller

meeting the computing needs of the task efficiently and cost effectively
speed, the amount of ROM and RAM, the number of I/O ports and timers, size, packaging, power consumption easy to upgrade cost per unit Noise of enironment assemblers, debuggers, C compilers, emulator, simulator, technical support
availability of software development tools
wide availability and reliable sources of the microcontrollers

Microprocessors 12
Comparison of the 8051 Family Members

ROM type
8031 80xx 87xx 89xx no ROM mask ROM EPROM Flash EEPROM
89xx
Example (AT89C51,AT89LV51,AT89S51)
AT= ATMEL(Manufacture) C = CMOS technology LV= Low Power(3.0v)
8951 8952 8953 8955 898252 891051 892051
Microprocessors 13
Comparison some of the 8051 Family Members

ROM
8051 8031 8751 8052 8032 8752 4k 4k eprom 8krom 8k eprom
RAM
128 128 128 256 256 256
Timer
2 2 2 3 3 3
Microprocessors 14
8051 Internal Block Diagram
Microprocessors 15
8051 Schematic Pin out
Microprocessors 16
8051 Foot Print
P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 RST (RXD)P3.0 (TXD)P3.1 (INT0)P3.2 (INT1)P3.3 (T0)P3.4 (T1)P3.5
(WR)P3.6 (RD)P3.7 XTAL2 XTAL1 GND
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
8051
(8031) (8751) (8951)
40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
Vcc P0.0(AD0) P0.1(AD1) P0.2(AD2) P0.3(AD3) P0.4(AD4) P0.5(AD5) P0.6(AD6) P0.7(AD7) EA/VPP ALE/PROG PSEN P2.7(A15) P2.6(A14) P2.5(A13) P2.4(A12) P2.3(A11) P2.2(A10) P2.1(A9) P2.0(A8)
Microprocessors 17
IMPORTANT PINS (IO Ports)

One of the most useful features of the 8051 is that it contains four I/O ports (P0 - P3) Each port can be used as input or output (bi-direction)
Port 0
pins 32-39 P0.0P0.7 8-bit R/W - General Purpose I/O Or acts as a multiplexed low byte address and data bus for external memory design
M_nokhodchian@yahoo.com Microprocessors 18

Port 1 pins 1-8 P1.0P1.7 Only 8-bit R/W - General Purpose I/O
Microprocessors 19
Port 2 pins 21-28P2.0 P2.7 8-bit R/W General Purpose I/O Or high byte of the address bus for external memory design
Microprocessors 20

Port 3 pins 10-17 P3.0P3.7 General Purpose I/O if not using any of the internal peripherals (timers) or external interrupts.
Microprocessors 21
Port 3 Alternate Functions
Microprocessors 22

A Group of Wire Between Two Part of Hardware: There Are Three Main Bus Groups

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

A Group of Wire Between Two Part of Hardware: There Are Three Main Bus Groups

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bus

These are called read and write operations

Main memory Types

RAM (Random Access Memory)

The 8051 Microcontroller

8051 Basic Component

128 bytes RAM

Other 8051 featurs

Three criteria in Choosing a Microcontroller

availability of software development tools

wide availability and reliable sources of the microcontrollers

Comparison of the 8051 Family Members

8951 8952 8953 8955 898252 891051 892051

Comparison some of the 8051 Family Members

8051 Internal Block Diagram

8051 Schematic Pin out

8051 Foot Print

IMPORTANT PINS (IO Ports)

IMPORTANT PINS (IO Ports)

IMPORTANT PINS (IO Ports)

IMPORTANT PINS (IO Ports)

Port 3 Alternate Functions

You might also like