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SAFETY HEALTH DFFICEP

CDUPSE
NIDSH
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
0vervew
0P. JAhILAH T. HASHIh
hS; h. hE0ICINE (PULIC HEALTH); DH0
M00ULE 3
SEPTEMER 2005
DJECTIVES SCDPE DF LECTUPE
To outIIne:
HIstorIcaI perspectIve of DccupatIonal Health
0efInItIon of DccupatIonal Health
Focus and varIous /IscIpIInes of DccupatIonal Health
oncept of preventIon In DccupatIonal Health
EpI/emIoIogIcaI appIIcatIon In DccupatIonal Health
Some anatomy an/ physIoIogy related to
occupatIonal dIseases and condItIons
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
ST0RL PERSPET'E
EAPLY: InIng Industry - very hazardous as focus was on profIt
makIng and not on safety and health. Work was seen as
punIshment
PENAISSANCE Era of research development to look for
answers and new technology to speed up work processes.
Newly Invented machInes brought about new hazards
IN0USTPIAL PEVDLUTIDN: ore IndustrIes were created and
buIlt. en left famIly and home to seek employment
elsewhere, leadIng to IndustrIal accIdents and many socIal
problems and dIseases.
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
P0NEERS 8 ME0L NFLUENE
15
th
century:
eorg auer grIcola" 8ooks on mnny cnd relcted
dsecses (0e Re Metcllcc)
ParaceIcus Relcted dose o] c chemccl to ts posonous
e]]ect
17
th
- 18
th
century:
erna/Ino PamazzInI cther Dccupctoncl Medcne;
lmportcnce o] cskny occupcton n hstory tckny
PercIvaI Pott nked scrotcl ccncer wth chmney
sweepny
CharIes Turner Thackrah 8ook on "E]]ects o]
Commerce cnd Scence
rom Ayrcolc's 0e Re Metcllcc (155)
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
MNTU0E 0F PR0LEM
DccupatIonal accIdents 120 mIllIon wIth 220,000
deaths
DccupatIonal Illness 160 mIllIon
J0 - 40 mIllIon progressed to chronIc dIsease state;
10 of them had permanent dIsabIlIty
haIaysIa:
DccupatIonal accIdents - 80,000 annually
Problem
%hose wIth access to adequate DccupatIonal Health
servIces 5 - 10 In developIng countrIes; 20 - 50
IndustrIalIsed countrIes
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
0EFNT0NS (L0/W0)
PromotIon and maIntenance of the hIghest degree of
physIcal, mental and socIal wellbeIng of workers In
all occupatIons
PreventIon amongst workers of departures from
health caused by theIr workIng condItIons
ProtectIon of workers In theIr employment from
factors adverse to health
PlacIng and maIntenance of workers In occupatIonal
envIronment adapted to physIologIcal and
psychologIcal capabIlItIes
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
0EFNT0NS (L0/W0)
%he adaptatIon
of work to man
and
each man to hIs job"
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
F0US
1. PromotIon and maIntenance of the hIghest degree
of physIcal, mental and socIal wellbeIng of workers
2. PreventIon of rIsks from hazards at workplace and
other adverse health effects due to work
J. ImprovIng work envIronment and work to become
conducIve to health and safety
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH: F0US -
PR0M0T0N vs PRE'ENT0N
DCCUPATIDNAL
0ISEASES
ACCI0ENTS
DCCUPATIDNAL
0ISEASES
ACCI0ENTS
PPEVENTIDN:
PPDhDTIDN:
FACTDPS AT
WDPKPLACE:
W Hazar/s
W Work
envIronment
W EquIpmentltooIs
lmachIne
FACTDPS AT
WDPKPLACE:
W Hazar/s
W Work
envIronment
W EquIpmentltooIs
lmachIne
LIFESTYLE:
W SmokIng
W AIcohoI an/
other substance
abuse
W HobbIes
LIFESTYLE:
W SmokIng
W AIcohoI an/
other substance
abuse
W HobbIes
0ISEASE PPEVENTIDN:
S 2S 8 3S
PFFY SEDN0FY %EF%FY
Health promotIon and
specIfIc protectIon
egIslatIon
ontrol measures
UnIversal
precautIon
mmunIzatIon
Health educatIon
Early detectIon and
treatment
Health surveIllance
FIrst aId
Emergency response
Plan
ImIt ImpaIrment E
rehabIlItatIon
0IsabIlIty
assessment
Feturntowork
programme
FehabIlItatIon and
physIotherapy
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
0SPLNES
1. DccupatIonal edIcIne
2. ndustrIal HygIene
J. DccupatIonal %oxIcology
4. ErgonomIcs
5. DccupatIonal EpIdemIology
6. ndustrIal Psychology
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
0SPLNES
1. DccupatIonaI he/IcIne: a) ssess fItness to
work; b) edIcal SurveIllance; c) ssess
dIsease and factors at work; d) Early
treatment and InterventIon; and f) Feturnto
Work assessment
2. ndustrIal HygIene
J. DccupatIonal %oxIcology
4. ErgonomIcs
5. DccupatIonal EpIdemIology
6. ndustrIal Psychology
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
0SPLNES
1. DccupatIonal edIcIne
2. ndustrIal HygIene a) ntIcIpate hazard; b)
dentIfy hazard; and c) ontrol hazard
J. DccupatIonal %oxIcology
4. ErgonomIcs
5. DccupatIonal EpIdemIology
6. ndustrIal Psychology
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
0SPLNES
1. DccupatIonal edIcIne
2. ndustrIal HygIene
J. DccupatIonal %oxIcology Study on chemIcals that
gIve rIse to bIologIcal health effects on workers
exposed to them
4. ErgonomIcs
5. DccupatIonal EpIdemIology
6. ndustrIal Psychology
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
0SPLNES
1. DccupatIonal edIcIne
2. ndustrIal HygIene
J. DccupatIonal %oxIcology
4. ErgonomIcs Focus on fIttIng work and work
envIronment system) to the workers
5. DccupatIonal EpIdemIology ookIng at dIstrIbutIon
of dIsease In relatIon to workers, workplace and
exposure tIme
6. ndustrIal Psychology ookIng at behavIour
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
SER'ES - oaIs
dentIfy and control hazards
nstItute early treatment
CIve awareness and educatIon to organIsatIons,
management and workers to be responsIble
towards safety and health
Promote healthy lIfestyle
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
S0PE 0F SER'ES
1. Health promotIon and health educatIon
2. onItorIng of workIng envIronment exposure
J. ssessment of health hazards and rIsks
4. ontrol of health hazards
5. ssessment of fItness for work
6. edIcal surveIllance
7. HelpIng workers to adapt to work and workIng envIronment
8. Ceneral medIcal treatment servIce
9. ProvIsIon of fIrst aId and medIcal emergency
10. 0IsabIlIty assessment
11. 0ata collectIon and analysIs, record keepIng
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
SER'ES - Scoe
1. Health promotIon Promote health at work place and healthy
lIfestyle
2. onItorIng of workIng envIronment
J. ssessment of health hazards
4. ontrol of health hazards
5. ssessment of fItness for work
6. edIcal surveIllance
7. HelpIng workers to adapt to work and workIng envIronment
8. Ceneral medIcal treatment servIce
9. ProvIsIon of fIrst aId and medIcal emergency
10. 0IsabIlIty assessment
11. 0ata collectIon and analysIs
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
SER'ES - Scoe
1. Health promotIon
2. onItorIng of workIng envIronment arry out exposure monItorIng
- both envIronmental and bIologIcal samples
J. ssessment of health hazards
4. ontrol of health hazards
5. ssessment of fItness for work
6. edIcal surveIllance
7. HelpIng workers to adapt to work and workIng envIronment
8. Ceneral medIcal treatment servIce
9. ProvIsIon of fIrst aId and medIcal emergency
10. 0IsabIlIty assessment
11. 0ata collectIon and analysIs
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
SER'ES - Scoe
1. Health promotIon
2. onItorIng of workIng envIronment
J. ssessment of health hazards EstImate magnItude of rIsk and
decIde whether It Is acceptable or not, takIng Into account control
measures that are already In place
4. ontrol of health hazards
5. ssessment of fItness for work
6. edIcal surveIllance
7. HelpIng workers to adapt to work and workIng envIronment
8. Ceneral medIcal treatment servIce
9. ProvIsIon of fIrst aId and medIcal emergency
10. 0IsabIlIty assessment
11. 0ata collectIon and analysIs
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
SER'ES - Scoe
1. Health promotIon
2. onItorIng of workIng envIronment
J. ssessment of health hazards
4. ontrol of health hazards a) ElImInate; b) SubstItute; c)
solate; and d) InImIse hazards
5. ssessment of fItness for work
6. edIcal surveIllance
7. HelpIng workers to adapt to work and workIng envIronment
8. Ceneral medIcal treatment servIce
9. ProvIsIon of fIrst aId and medIcal emergency
10. 0IsabIlIty assessment
11. 0ata collectIon and analysIs
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
SER'ES - Scoe
1. Health promotIon
2. onItorIng of workIng envIronment
J. ssessment of health hazards
4. ontrol of health hazards
5. ssessment of fItness for work ExamIne to ensure that workers
are fIt and suItable to carry out the work so as not to endanger
themselves and others
6. edIcal surveIllance
7. HelpIng workers to adapt to work and workIng envIronment
8. Ceneral medIcal treatment servIce
9. ProvIsIon of fIrst aId and medIcal emergency
10. 0IsabIlIty assessment
11. 0ata collectIon and analysIs
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
SER'ES - Scoe
1. Health promotIon
2. onItorIng of workIng envIronment
J. ssessment of health hazards
4. ontrol of health hazards
5. ssessment of fItness for work
6. edIcal surveIllance %o be conducted by DccupatIonal Health
0octor on workers exposed to hazards as outlIned In F 1967 and
USEHH 2000 regulatIon
7. HelpIng workers to adapt to work and workIng envIronment
8. Ceneral medIcal treatment servIce
9. ProvIsIon of fIrst aId and medIcal emergency
10. 0IsabIlIty assessment
11. 0ata collectIon and analysIs
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
SER'ES - Scoe
1. Health promotIon
2. onItorIng of workIng envIronment
J. ssessment of health hazards
4. ontrol of health hazards
5. ssessment of fItness for work
6. edIcal surveIllance
7. HelpIng workers to adapt to work and workIng envIronment
%hrough traInIng, demonstratIon, SDPs, etc
8. Ceneral medIcal treatment servIce
9. ProvIsIon of fIrst aId and medIcal emergency
10. 0IsabIlIty assessment
11. 0ata collectIon and analysIs
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
SER'ES - Scoe
1. Health promotIon
2. onItorIng of workIng envIronment
J. ssessment of health hazards
4. ontrol of health hazards
5. ssessment of fItness for work
6. edIcal surveIllance
7. HelpIng workers to adapt to work and workIng envIronment
8. Ceneral medIcal treatment servIce %ake proper occupatIonal
hIstory so as to make proper dIagnosIs and provIde approprIate
treatment
9. ProvIsIon of fIrst aId and medIcal emergency
10. 0IsabIlIty assessment
11. 0ata collectIon and analysIs
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
SER'ES - Scoe
1. Health promotIon
2. onItorIng of workIng envIronment
J. ssessment of health hazards
4. ontrol of health hazards
5. ssessment of fItness for work
6. edIcal surveIllance
7. HelpIng workers to adapt to work and workIng envIronment
8. Ceneral medIcal treatment servIce
9. ProvIsIon of fIrst aId and medIcal emergency %o save lIves;
ensure avaIlabIlIty of fIrst aIders; kIts and room
10. 0IsabIlIty assessment
11. 0ata collectIon and analysIs
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
SER'ES - Scoe
1. Health promotIon
2. onItorIng of workIng envIronment
J. ssessment of health hazards
4. ontrol of health hazards
5. ssessment of fItness for work
6. edIcal surveIllance
7. HelpIng workers to adapt to work and workIng envIronment
8. Ceneral medIcal treatment servIce
9. ProvIsIon of fIrst aId and medIcal emergency
10. 0IsabIlIty assessment onducted by traIned doctors; examInatIon
done objectIvely to determIne amount to be compensated
11. 0ata collectIon and analysIs
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
SER'ES - Scoe
1. Health promotIon
2. onItorIng of workIng envIronment
J. ssessment of health hazards
4. ontrol of health hazards
5. ssessment of fItness for work
6. edIcal surveIllance
7. HelpIng workers to adapt to work and workIng envIronment
8. Ceneral medIcal treatment servIce
9. ProvIsIon of fIrst aId and medIcal emergency
10. 0IsabIlIty assessment
11. 0ata collectIon and analysIs 0ata are confIdentIal; to be
collected and analysed to enable further plannIng to be carrIed
out to Improve occupatIonal safety and health
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
TEMS - Multdsclnary
CDhPETENT PEPSDNS:
DccupatIonal Health
0octors
Safety E Health DffIcers
hemIcal Health FIsk
ssessors
HygIene %echnIcIans
Cas %esters
NoIse ompetent Person
DTHEPS:
ndustrIal HygIenIst
DccupatIonal Health
Nurse
%oxIcologIst
ndustrIal FIrst Iders
Health PromotIon
DffIcers
ndustrIal PsychologIsts
etc
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
UT0RTES 8 Man Roles
0epartment of DccupatIonal Safety E Health - 0DSH
egIslatIon and enforcement; settIng of standards;
DSH promotIon
NatIonal nstItute of DccupatIonal Safety E Health -
NIDSH %raInIng, research, consultatIon, InformatIon
dIssemInatIon
SocIal SecurIty DrganIsatIon - SDCSD ompensatIon;
safety promotIon, rehabIlItatIon
Dthers InIstry of Health; UnIversItIes; ssocIatIons
such as SDE, H; DrganIsatIons; DH departments
In companIes
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
NTERNT0NL 0RNST0NS
InternatIonaI:
nternatIonal abour DrganIzatIon D)
nternatIonal gency for Fesearch Into ancer F)
UnIte/ KIng/om:
Health Safety ExecutIve HSE)
UnIte/ States of AmerIca:
NatIonal nstItute of DccupatIonal Safety E Health NDSH)
merIcan onference of Covernmental ndustrIal HygIenIsts
CH)
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
NT0MY 8 PYS0L0Y
Heart
ungs
KIdneys
Iver
Nervous system
8lood/cIrculatory system
uskuloskeletal system
FeproductIve system
SkIn
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
NT0MY 8 PYS0L0Y
Heart: 1) FunctIon: Sends blood to the lungs to be
oxygenated; pumps blood to the whole body; 2)
ProbIem: Heart attack cute yocardIal nfarct); J)
PIsk factors: Unhealthy lIfestyle
ungs
KIdneys
Iver
Nervous system
8lood/cIrculatory system
uskuloskeletal system
FeproductIve system
SkIn
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
NT0MY 8 PYS0L0Y
Heart
Lungs: 1) FunctIon: transport oxygen Into the body
and carbon dIoxIde out of the body; 2) ProbIem:
DccupatIonal asthma, pneumoconIosIs, lung cancer
KIdneys
Iver
Nervous system
8lood/cIrculatory system
uskuloskeletal system
FeproductIve system
SkIn
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
NT0MY 8 PYS0L0Y
Heart
ungs
KI/neys: 1) FunctIon: Excrete waste from body; 2)
ProbIem: Exposed to many types of toxIc substances
that go through Its system e.g. heavy metals
cadmIum, lead) and organIc solvents
Iver
Nervous system
8lood/cIrculatory system
uskuloskeletal system
FeproductIve system
SkIn
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
NT0MY 8 PYS0L0Y
Heart
ungs
KIdneys
LIver: 1) FunctIon: etabolIse toxIc substances by
detoxyfyIng them before excretIon; 2) ProbIem:
Exposed to toxIc substances that go through Its system
e.g. organIc solvents, hepatItIs 8 vIrus, alcohol
Nervous system
8lood/cIrculatory system
uskuloskeletal system
FeproductIve system
SkIn
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
NT0MY 8 PYS0L0Y
Heart
ungs
KIdneys
Iver
Nervous system: 1) FunctIon: oordInates body
functIons e.g. thInkIng, memory, judgement, etc; 2)
ProbIem: Prone to be affected by heavy metals,
organIc solvents, organophosphate pestIcIdes, carbon
monoxIde
8lood/cIrculatory system
uskuloskeletal system
FeproductIve system
SkIn
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
NT0MY 8 PYS0L0Y
Heart
ungs
KIdneys
Iver
Nervous system
8lood/cIrculatory system
huskuIoskeIetaI system: 1) ProbIem: Prone to straIn,
spraIn, tendInItIs, tenosynovItIs, myosItIs, arthrItIs, etc
FeproductIve system
SkIn
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
NT0MY 8 PYS0L0Y
Heart
ungs
KIdneys
Iver
Nervous system
8lood/cIrculatory system
uskuloskeletal system
Pepro/uctIve system: 1) FunctIon: FeproductIon; 2)
ProbIem: 8oth males and females and theIr offsprIngs
can be affected. haIes Feduced lIbIdo, sterIle, low
qualIty sperms; FemaIes SterIle, abortIon, Irregular
bleedIng, cancer; J) Substances ead, organIc
solvents, 00%
SkIn
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
EP0EM0L0Y - 0ejnton
EPI among) +
0EhDS the people) +
LDDS the study)
%he study of the
dIstrIbutIon (n terms o] tme, plcce cnd person) and
determInants of healthrelated states (rsk ]cctors)
In specIfIed populatIons,
and
the applIcatIon of thIs study to control the health problem
%he study of the
dIstrIbutIon (n terms o] tme, plcce cnd person) and
determInants of healthrelated states (rsk ]cctors)
In specIfIed populatIons,
and
the applIcatIon of thIs study to control the health problem
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
EP0EM0L0Y - lcaton
EstablIsh connectIon between occupatIon and
dIsease/condItIon
ssess rIsks
Evaluate substances that are harmful to human
health e.g. 8enzene and cancer)
Set standards of exposure e.g. PE)
onduct health monItorIng
Plan occupatIonal safety and health programme and
actIvItIes
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
EP0EM0L0Y - Work 8 0sease
CIrcumstances:
Work Is necessary to cause dIsease (Asbestos - uny
ccncer)
Work contrIbutes to dIsease causatIon or progressIon
(Stress - Hecrt dsecse)
Work worsens dIsease condItIon (Sh]t work -
0cbetes melltus)
Work exposes or Increase opportunIty for dIsease to
occur (Workny n c pub - Cycrette smoke - uny
dsecse)
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
STTSTL PPLT0N
Fates n Important concept In hazard IdentIfIcatIon
Dutcome measures 0ssatsjacton 0scomjort 0sablty
0sease 0eath
Some common exampIes of rates:
SIckness absenteeIsm rate
ccIdent rate Mecsures rsks ]rom hczcrds
0Isease rate Mecsures work prcctce cnd work hcbts
oss tIme Injury
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
"UEST0NS
1. %he followIng statements are true
. FamazzInI emphasIsed the Importance of askIng about a
person's occupatIon In hIstory takIng
8. Socrates Is known as the father of DccupatIonal edIcIne
. PercIval Pott descrIbed scrotal cancer In chImney sweepers
0. Paracelsus related the dose of a chemIcal to Its poIsonous
effect
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
"UEST0NS
2. %he servIces provIded by government agencIes In alaysIa are as
follows
. 0DSH enforces laws related to DccupatIonal Health In alaysIa
8. InIstry of Health attends to the occupatIonal health needs of
workers In the InIstry of Health
. UnIversItIes In alaysIa conduct Safety E Health DffIcers
competency traInIng
0. NDSH awards Ph0 In DccupatIonal Health
E. SDSD provIdes compensatIon In cases of IndustrIal accIdents
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
"UEST0NS
J. %he followIng statements are true about fItness for work
assessment
. t Is requIred for pIlots and polIce recruIts
8. t needs to be carrIed out among newly appoInted workers
. PsychologIcal assessment needs to be carrIed out among all
workers
0. t Is conducted when employees are returnIng to work after
prolonged medIcal leave
DCCUPATIDNAL HEALTH:
"UEST0NS
4. Health promotIon InItIatIves at the workplace Include
. HavIng health talks and safety demonstratIon
8. SellIng alcoholIc drInks at a dIscounted prIce
. EncouragIng sports actIvItIes
0. ounsellIng workers on theIr dIet
E. ntroducIng stress InterventIon programme

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