Working towards a 40% house

Walls & Windows

Andy Brown Cambridge Architectural Research 24th November 2011

Solid Wall Insulation

Some basics Solid Walls The Green Deal

Working towards a 40% house

Reductions in CO2 emissions form housing essential
UK commitment to 60% reduction in by 2050 Tyndal Centre recommends 90% reduction by 2030

75% of 2050 housing stock already exists. Average house emits 6 tonnes CO2 per year.

Typical House in 2011

6 tonnes CO2 out
Ancient boiler

Lights left on

Poor insulatio n Solid brick walls

Single glazing

Draughty doors and windows

Inefficient appliances

Uninforme d owner

26,000 kWh of energy in

40% House
2.4 tonnes CO2 out

super -thick insulation heat recovery ventilation efficient appliances

solar panels

wood-burning stove LED lights doubleglazing energy conscious owner condensing boiler

everything draft-stripped

10,400 kWh of energy in

How will we get there

Better building regulations and zero carbon codes. The worst pre-1995 houses demolished (appx. 3 million). All appliances, gradually replaced. All houses built before upgraded (20 million).

What can we do?

Good housekeeping. Jobs for the weekend. Taking opportunities. Big projects

Taking Opportunities

Taking Opportunities

Ten Year Plan

Year One Change all light bulbs to low-energy ones. Stop using tumble dryer Sign up to Ecotricity for electricity supply. Turn down boiler thermostat and turn down room thermostat to 18. Install temporary cling-film on the single-glazed windows. Become rigorous about turning off all lights and appliances when not in use Review on/off times for central heating and hot water Install a new high-performance front door. Year Two Put foil behind all external wall radiators and shelves over all radiators Draught-strip remaining windows Put additional jacket on hot water cylinder Replace one single-glazed window with a double-glazed unit, dry lining the wall at the same time. Year Three Replace another window, dry-lining the room as before Replace fridge Year Four Re-fit 30 year old bathroom, including: solar water heating, heat recovery extract fan, new doubleglazed window and dry lining external wall Year Five Fit double-glazed window and dry line in last room with single glazing. Years Five to Ten Flat roof on extension will be due to be re-covered. Add 100 mm insulation and sedum cover roof. Install natural ventilation extract system. Lift ground floor boards and insulate below floor. Install back boiler in wood stove to provide heat for bedroom radiators Recover main slate roof with new recycled slates, adding 100 mm insulation above rafters Pressure test house and initiate program to seal leaks.

Solid Wall Insulation

Insulating Solid Walls

Insulation Installation Details Costs and Savings

50% of our energy exits through the walls and windows

Insulation is measured by the U-Value

Construction Solid walls Cavity walls Insulated cavity Improved building regulations PasivHaus
2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00
re gu la ti o ns Pa si vH au s ca vi ty al ls wa lls w

U-Value Insulation mm 2.00 1.00 0.60 0.25 0.12

1930's 1970's 2000's 2010's

50 100 250

So l id

av ity C

In su la te d

Im pr ov ed

bu i ld in g

Materials

Insulation
Polyurethane/Polyisocyanurate foam, eg. Celotex Most efficient Made from petrochemicals Available as composite boards ( Kingspan) More expensive eg. Jablite, Styrofoam Cheap Cheapest Irritant Mineral wool (Rockwool) an alternative eg. Warmcell Environmentally friendly Dubious performance in damp areas eg. Sheep's wool - Thermafleece Also flax, cotton waste and hemp. Expensive. Expensive. Thin Uncertain performance

Expanded Polystyrene Fibreglass batts.

Recycled paper

Natural fibres

Composite foils

Installation
External Internal
Glued to wall Fixed between Battens

External Insulation
Changes character of house Requires special details where cladding meets:
Roof Ground Windows and Doors

Dry Lining

Details
Other Works
Radiators and Electrical Skirtings and covings Decoration

Cold bridges
Floors and Partition walls Window reveals

Vapour Control
Joints in boarding Around pipes Electrical fittings Floors and Ceilings

Risks
Planning
Listed buildings Conservation areas

Wildlife Water
Condensation Damp walls Ventilation

Poor workmanship

Savings
Costs
500 to 1,000 per room 500 to 1,000 per window 2% - 4% of floor space Disruption and builders Small risk of overheating Heating costs Reduced CO2 emissions Warmer walls Permanent solution

Benefits

Be careful what you wish for

Monetisation of everyday life Information overload

 Autumn 2012 Loan of up to 20,000 Repayments limited to savings on utility bills The Golden Rule Debt attached to the dwelling One stop shop

Andy Brown Cambridge Architectural Research Andy.Brown@carltd.com 01223 460475