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Some idea of the capacity of polluted rivers to clean themselves (microbes were not understood yet)
Successful for smaller communities.
Dissolved organics COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L of O2) = The amount of oxygen required to oxidize soluble organics by an acidic dichromate solution.
BOD : (Biological Oxygen Demand) (mg/L of O2) = The amount of oxygen required for microbial removal of soluble organics over a 5 day period. Nutrients (N and P) : Present as ammonia and phosphate algae blooms algae decay sec. pollut.
Example WW composition
Wastewater composition BOD (mg/L) TSS (mg/L) NH3 Nitrogen (mg/L) Phosphorus (mg/L) Fecal Coliforms (/100 mL) 200 200 30 10 107 Required Levels 45 45 1 No Limit < 14 (CFUs)
Design a waste water treatment plant with high X. Purpose of plant: Remove organics (COD, BOD) Remove nutrients (N and P) Allow re-use of water in the future. Biomass must be retained longer than the water
SR X
Running treatment plant simply like a chemostat would result in continuous substrate (BOD) limitation no flocs no settling low biomass breakdown
In addition to batch, fed-batch, chemostat a different process is used Plugflow reactor with biomass feedback o Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)
Biomass Retention in WWTP
Growth of filamentous bacteria favoured by low substrate (BOD) concentrations; detrimental to gavity settling floc
Plug flow waste water treatment allowing high BOD levels at the beginning
Influent BOD Gradient Clarifier Effluent
Waste Sludge
Elledge WWTP
Use of Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) for a) Biomass Retention via internal biomass feedback b) floc formation by oxposing biomass to a sudden high inflow of biomass
Influent Effluent Fill
Aeration
Settle
Use of Bioselector to allow contact with bacteria and high BOD (not examinable)
Hybrid between plug flow reactor and SBR Incoming wastewater is mixed with return activated sludge in an SBR. System used at Woodman Point Treatment plant