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Publishing as Prentice Hall

1
Managlng lnformaLlon 1echnology
6
Lh
LdlLlon
CPA1L8 3
1PL uA1A 8LSCu8CL
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
3
JP? MAnACL uA1A?
CrganlzaLlons could noL funcLlon long wlLhouL
crlLlcal buslness daLa
CosL Lo replace daLa would be very hlgh
1lme Lo reconclle lnconslsLenL daLa may be Loo
long
uaLa ofLen needs Lo be accessed qulckly
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
4
JP? MAnACL uA1A?
uaLa should be
CaLaloged
named ln sLandard ways
roLecLed
Accesslble Lo Lhose wlLh a need Lo know
MalnLalned wlLh hlgh quallLy
1here are Lechnlcal and managerlal lssues Lo
managlng daLa
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
5
1LCPnlCAL ASLC1S Cl uM
uaLa model ls an overall map for buslness daLa
uaLa modellng lnvolves
MeLhodology or sLeps followed Lo ldenLlfy and
descrlbe daLa enLlLles
noLaLlon or a way Lo lllusLraLe daLa enLlLles
graphlcally
1he Data Mode|
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
6
1LCPnlCAL ASLC1S Cl uM
uevelopmenL process for daLa managemenL sysLem
lnvolves slx baslc sLeps
8equlremenLs Analysls
ConcepLual ueslgn
Loglcal ueslgn
hyslcal ueslgn
lmplemenLaLlon
MalnLenance
1he Data Mode| Methodo|ogy
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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1LCPnlCAL ASLC1S Cl uM
user requlremenLs usually gaLhered ln LexL formaL
Lhrough personal lnLervlews wlLh users
uaLa modeled ln concepLual deslgn phase as entity
re/otionship dioqrom {ku)
uaLa modeled ln loglcal deslgn phase as a seL of
re/otions {tob/es)
1he Data Mode| Methodo|ogy
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1LCPnlCAL ASLC1S Cl uM
LnLlLyrelaLlonshlp dlagram (L8u)
MosL common meLhod for represenLlng a daLa
model and organlzaLlonal daLa needs
t|t|es Lhlngs abouL whlch daLa are collecLed
ttr|butes acLual elemenLs of daLa LhaL are Lo be
collecLed
e|at|osh|ps relevanL assoclaLlons beLween
organlzaLlonal enLlLles
1he Data Mode| Notat|o
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1LCPnlCAL ASLC1S Cl uM
L8u example
LnLlLles are CusLomer Crder and roducL
8elaLlonshlps are SubmlLs and lncludes
1he Data Mode| Notat|o
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1LCPnlCAL ASLC1S Cl uM
L8u example
1he Data Mode| Notat|o
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1LCPnlCAL ASLC1S Cl uM
8elaLlons (Lables)
SLrucLure conslsLlng of rows and columns
Lach row represenLs a slngle enLlLy
Lach column represenLs an aLLrlbuLe
L8us are converLed lnLo seLs of relaLlons
1he Data Mode| Notat|o
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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1LCPnlCAL ASLC1S Cl uM
L8u example
1he Data Mode| Notat|o
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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1LCPnlCAL ASLC1S Cl uM
ConverL L8u Lo relaLlons
1he Data Mode| Notat|o
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1LCPnlCAL ASLC1S Cl uM
uaLa abouL daLa
needed Lo unamblguously descrlbe daLa for
Lhe enLerprlse
uocumenLs Lhe meanlng of all Lhe buslness
rules LhaL govern daLa
CannoL have quallLy daLa wlLhouL hlghquallLy
meLadaLa
Metadata
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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1LCPnlCAL ASLC1S Cl uM
LnLerprlse modellng
1opdown approach
uescrlbes organlzaLlon and daLa requlremenLs aL
hlgh level lndependenL of reporLs screens or
deLalled speclflcaLlons
noL blased by how buslness operaLes Loday
Data Mode||g
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1LCPnlCAL ASLC1S Cl uM
LnLerprlse modellng
sLeps
ulvlde work lnLo ma[or
funcLlons
ulvlde each funcLlon lnLo
processes
ulvlde processes lnLo
acLlvlLles
LlsL daLa enLlLles asslgned
Lo each acLlvlLy
ldenLlfy relaLlonshlps
beLween enLlLles
Data Mode||g
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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1LCPnlCAL ASLC1S Cl uM
vlew lnLegraLlon
8oLLomup approach
Lach reporL screen form and documenL
produced from daLabases (called user vlews)
ldenLlfled flrsL
Data Mode||g
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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1LCPnlCAL ASLC1S Cl uM
vlew lnLegraLlon sLeps
CreaLe user vlews
ldenLlfy daLa elemenLs ln each user vlew and puL lnLo
a sLrucLure called a normal form
normallze user vlews
lnLegraLe seL of enLlLles from normallzaLlon lnLo one
descrlpLlon
Norma||zat|o process of creaLlng slmple daLa
sLrucLures from more complex ones
Data Mode||g
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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1LCPnlCAL ASLC1S Cl uM
repackaged daLa models an alLernaLlve Lo
enLerprlse daLa modellng
AdvanLages
ueveloped uslng proven upLodaLe componenLs
8equlre less Llme and money
Lasler Lo evolve daLa model
CreaLer appllcaLlon compaLlblllLy
Lasler Lo share daLa across organlzaLlons
Data Mode||g
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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1LCPnlCAL ASLC1S Cl uM
Data Mode||g Gu|de||es
Objectlve Modellng efforL musL be [usLlfled by
some overrldlng need
cope Coverage for a daLa model musL be
carefully consldered
Ootcome 1he more uncerLaln Lhe ouLcome Lhe
lower Lhe chances for success
1lmloq SLarL wlLh hlghlevel model and flll ln
deLalls as ma[or sysLems pro[ecLs
underLaken
Data Mode||g
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
21
1LCPnlCAL ASLC1S Cl uM
1 uaLabase processlng acLlvlLy can be speclfled
wlLh a procedural language (3CL) or
2 Speclalpurpose language
SLrucLured query language (eg SCL)
uaLa exchange language (eg xML)
amp|e SL uery
SLLLC1 C8uL8_lu CuS1CML8_lu CuS1nAML C8uL8_uA1L
l8CM CuS1CML8 C8uL8
JPL8L C8uL8_uA1L '04/12/08' Anu
CuS1CML8CuS1CML8_lu C8uL8CuS1CML8lu
Data rogramm|g
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
r|n|p|es | Maag|g Data
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
r|n|p|es | Maag|g Data
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
24
MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
r|n|p|es | Maag|g Data
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
r|n|p|es | Maag|g Data
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
r|n|p|es | Maag|g Data
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
r|n|p|es | Maag|g Data
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
r|n|p|es | Maag|g Data
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
29
MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
r|n|p|es | Maag|g Data
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
r|n|p|es | Maag|g Data
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
r|n|p|es | Maag|g Data
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
r|n|p|es | Maag|g Data
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
1he Data Maagemet roness
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
9fo develop a blueprlnL for daLa and Lhe
relaLlonshlps among daLa across buslness
unlLs and funcLlons
ootce ldenLlfy Lhe LlmellesL and hlghesL
quallLy source for each daLa elemenL
cpolte foJ mflotflo bulld daLa capLure
sysLems Lo acqulre and malnLaln daLa
1he Data Maagemet roness
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
efloe/Jesctlbe foJ loveototy deflne each daLa
enLlLy elemenL and relaLlonshlp LhaL ls belng
managed
Otqfolze foJ mfe fccesslbe deslgn Lhe
daLabase so LhaL daLa can be reLrleved and
reporLed efflclenLly ln Lhe formaL LhaL buslness
managers requlre
Cne popular meLhod for maklng daLa accesslble ls by
creaLlng a daLa warehouse
A daLa warehouse ls a large daLa sLorage faclllLy
conLalnlng daLa on all (or aL leasL many) aspecLs of Lhe
enLerprlse
1he Data Maagemet roness
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
1he Data Maagemet roness
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
ootto poflty foJ loteqtlty conLrols musL be
sLored as parL of daLa deflnlLlons and enforced
durlng daLa capLure and malnLenance
9totect foJ secote deflne rlghLs LhaL each
manager has Lo access each Lype of daLa
ccooot fot ose cosL Lo capLure malnLaln and
reporL daLa musL be ldenLlfled and reporLed
wlLh an accounLlng sysLem
1he Data Maagemet roness
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
ecovet/testote foJ opqtfJe esLabllsh
procedures for recoverlng damaged and
upgradlng obsoleLe hardware and sofLware
etetmloe teteotloo foJ Jlspose declde on
legal and oLher grounds how much daLa
hlsLory needs Lo be kepL
1tflo foJ coosot fot effectlve ose Lraln users
Lo use daLa effecLlvely
1he Data Maagemet roness
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
Data goverane
CrganlzaLlonal process for esLabllshlng sLraLegy
ob[ecLlves and pollcles for organlzaLlonal daLa
uaLa governance councll seLs sLandards abouL
meLadaLa daLa ownershlp and access and daLa
lnfrasLrucLure and archlLecLure
1wo key pollcy areas for daLa governance
uaLa ownershlp
uaLa admlnlsLraLlon
Data Maagemet o||n|es
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
uaLa sharlng requlres buslness managemenL
parLlclpaLlon
CommlLmenL Lo quallLy daLa ls essenLlal for
obLalnlng Lhe greaLesL beneflLs from a daLa
resource
uaLa musL also be made accesslble Lo decrease
daLa processlng cosLs for Lhe enLerprlse
orporate |ormat|o po||ny foundaLlon for
managlng Lhe ownershlp of daLa
Data Cwersh|p
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, nc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
Data Cwersh|p
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
1rasborder data |ows elecLronlc flows of
daLa LhaL cross a counLry's naLlonal boundary
uaLa are sub[ecL Lo laws of exporLlng counLry
Laws [usLlfled by percelved need Lo
revenL economlc and culLural lmperlallsm
roLecL domesLlc lndusLry
roLecL lndlvldual prlvacy
losLer lnLernaLlonal Lrade
Data Cwersh|p
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
Lxample Lransborder lssue
uS Company llned by Lu for lmproper Cross
8order uaLa 1ransfer
Data Cwersh|p
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
Data adm||strat|o group leads daLa managemenL
efforLs ln an organlzaLlon
key Iunt|os o the Data dm||strat|o Group
romoLe and conLrol daLa sharlng
Analyze Lhe lmpacL of changes Lo appllcaLlon sysLems when
daLa deflnlLlons change
MalnLaln meLadaLa
8educe redundanL daLa and processlng
8educe sysLem malnLenance cosLs and lmprove sysLems
developmenL producLlvlLy
lmprove quallLy and securlLy of daLa
lnsure daLa lnLegrlLy
Data dm||strat|o
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MAnACL8lAL lSSuLS Cl uM
Database adm||strator (D8% lS role wlLh Lhe
responslblllLy for managlng compuLer daLabases
key Iunt|os o the Database dm||strator
1unlng daLabase managemenL sysLems
SelecLlon and evaluaLlon of and Lralnlng on daLabase
Lechnology
hyslcal daLabase deslgn
ueslgn of meLhods Lo recover from damage Lo daLabases
hyslcal placemenL of daLabases on speclflc compuLers and
sLorage devlces
1he lnLerface of daLabases wlLh LelecommunlcaLlons and
oLher Lechnologles
Data dm||strat|o