HYDROGEN FUEL CELL

TECHNOLOGY
Will it contribute to energy independence ?

Team member: Shefali Katyal (500012209) Himansha Bisht (500011730)

1

Mahtab Ahmad (500011975)

CONTENTS:
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1.

2.
3. 4. 5.

What is a fuel cell Why is fuel cell technology important How does a fuel cell work Importance of hydrogen fuel cell How can fuel cell technology be used

WHAT IS THE FUEL CELL ?

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Fuel Cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, with water and heat as its by-product.

WHY IS THE FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY IMPORTANT ?

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Since

conversion of the fuel to energy takes place via an electrochemical process, not combustion It is a clean, quiet and highly efficient process- two to three times more efficient than fuel burning.

HOW DOES A FUEL CELL WORK ?

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It

operates similarly to a battery, but it does not run down nor does it require recharging As long as fuel is supplied, a Fuel Cell will produce both energy and heat

HOW DOES A FUEL CELL WORK ?

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Fuel Cell consists of two catalyst coated electrodes surrounding an electrolyte One electrode is an anode and the other is a cathode

HOW DOES A FUEL CELL WORK ?

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The

process begins when Hydrogen molecules enter the anode The catalyst coating separates hydrogens negatively charged electrons from the positively charged protons

HOW DOES A FUEL CELL WORK ?

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The

electrolyte allows the protons to pass through to the cathode, but not the electrons Instead the electrons are directed through an external circuit which creates electrical current

HOW DOES A FUEL CELL WORK ?

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While

the electrons pass through the external circuit, oxygen molecules pass through the cathode There the oxygen and the protons combine with the electrons after they have passed through the external circuit When the oxygen and the protons combine with the electrons it produces water and heat

HOW DOES A FUEL CELL WORK ?

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HOW DOES A FUEL CELL WORK ?

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Individual

fuel cells can then be placed in a series to form a fuel cell stack The stack can be used in a system to power a vehicle or to provide stationary power to a building

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IMPORTANCE OF HYDROGEN
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Fuel

Cells require highly purified hydrogen as a fuel Researchers are developing a wide range of technologies to produce hydrogen economically from a variety of resources in environmentally friendly ways

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IMPORTANCE OF HYDROGEN
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Hydrogen is a secondary energy resource, meaning it must be made from another fuel Hydrogen can be produced from a wide variety of energy resources including:

Fossil fuels, such as natural gas and coal Nuclear energy Renewable resources, such as solar,water, wind and biomass

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HOW CAN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY BE USED ?

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Transportation Stationary Power Stations Telecommunications Micro Power

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HOW CAN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY BE USED ?

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Transportation

All major automakers are working to commercialize a fuel cell car Automakers and experts speculate that a fuel cell vehicle will be commercialized by 2010 50 fuel cell buses are currently in use in North and South America, Europe, Asia and Australia Trains, planes, boats, scooters, forklifts and even bicycles are utilizing fuel cell technology as well

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HOW CAN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY BE USED ?

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Stationary

Power Stations

Over 2,500 fuel cell systems have been installed all over the world in hospitals, nursing homes, hotels, office buildings, schools and utility power plants Most of these systems are either connected to the electric grid to provide supplemental power and backup assurance or as a grid-independent generator for locations that are inaccessible by power lines

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HOW CAN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY BE USED ?

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Telecommunications

Due to computers, the Internet and sophisticated communication networks there is a need for an incredibly reliable power source Fuel Cells have been proven to be 99.999% reliable

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HOW CAN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY BE USED ?

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Micro

Power

Consumer electronics could gain drastically longer battery power with Fuel Cell technology Cell phones can be powered for 30 days without recharging Laptops can be powered for 20 hours without recharging

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DATA ANALYSIS AND

REPRESENTATION

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1) DO YOU DRIVE A VEHICLE?

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OPTIONS
YES NO

PERCENTAGE

: :
PERCENTAGE

98 2

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AS

SHOWN IN THE PIE CHART

MOST OF THE PEOPLE

DRIVES VEHICLE. WHILE ONLY

98%

OF THE PEOPLE DRIVES VEHICLE

2%

DOES NOT DRIVE VEHICLE AND THIS

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RESULT IS OBTAINED FROM THE RESPONSE OF CUSTOMERS TOWARDS QUESTIONNAIRE FILLED BY THEM.

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2) WHICH VEHICLE DO YOU PREFER MORE, PETROL VEHICLE OR DIESEL VEHICLE?

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OPTIONS
PETROL DIESEL

PERCENTAGE

: :
PERCENTAGE

78% 22%

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ACCORDING TO THE PIE CHART , MAJORITY OF

PEOPLE PREFER PETROL THAN DIESEL BUT STILL 22% OF PEOPLE PREFER DIESEL OUT OF 100 .
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3) DO YOU THINK USE OF PETROL AND DIESEL IS DAMAGING THE ENVIRONMENT ?

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Options

Percentage

PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree Agree Cant say Disagree Strongly Disagree

20% 55% 22% 2% 1%

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ACCORDING

TO THE PIE CHART

ONLY

20%

STRONGLY

AGREE THAT USE OF PETROL AND DIESEL ID DAMAGING THE ENVIRONMENT WHILE ARE STILL

55%

AGREES TO IT AND ABOUT THIS

CONFUSED

22% FACT.
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4) ARE YOU AWARE OF HYDROGEN FUEL CELL? OPTION

YES NO PERCENTAGE

83% 17%
PERCENTAGE

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AS THE PIE CHART SHOWS , OUT OF THE 100 RESPONDENTS 83 PERSONS ARE AWARE OF THE HYDROGEN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY. THUS IT MEANS
MAJORITY OF PEOPLE HAVE THE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THIS NEW TECHNOLOGY.
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5. DO YOU THINK HYDROGEN FUEL CELL CAN BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE OF PETROL AND DIESEL?
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Option

Percentage

PERCENTAGE

Strongly agree Agree Cant say Disagree Strongly disagree

20% 50% 20% 9% 1%

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AS THE PIE CHART SHOWS, 50% OF THE PEOPLE AGREES AND 20% OF THE PEOPLE STRONGLY AGREE THAT
HYDROGEN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY CAN BE USED AS THE SUBSTITUTE OF PETROL AND DIESEL
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6)SHOULD PETROL-DIESEL COMPANIES LIKE IOCL,BPCL,RELIANCE,ETC START A REVOLUTION TOWARDS USE OF HYDROGEN CELL IN VEHICLES AS A SUBSTITUTE OF PETROL AND DIESEL TO SPREAD MORE AWARENESS OF IT?
Option Percentage PERCENTAGE

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STRONGLY AGREE AGREE CANT SAY DISAGREE

15% 50% 15% 15%

STRONGLY DISAGREE

5%

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ACCORDING TO THE PIE CHART, 50% I.E MAJORITY OF PEOPLE AGREES THAT PETROL-DIESEL COMPANIES
SHOULD START A REVOLUTION TOWARDS SPREADING AWARENESS ABOUT HYDROGEN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY IN VEHICLES.
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7) INCREASING PRICE OF PETROL AND DIESEL IS A BUZZ WORD THESE DAYS. DO YOU THINK BRINGING ITS REPLACEMENT I.E HYDROGEN FUEL CELL WILL HELP IN CONTROLLING THE RISE IN PRICES?
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OPTION

PERCENTAGE

PERCENTAGE

STRONGLY AGREE AGREE CANT SAY DISAGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE

14% 56% 20% 9% 1%

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ACCORDING TO THE PIE CHART , 56% OF THE PEOPLE AGREES THAT

HYDROGEN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY WILL HELP IN CONTROLLING THE RISE IN PRICES

.
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8) VEHICLE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR MORE THAN 50% OF INCREASING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION. DO YOU THINK WE SHOULD MAKE OUR LOCALITY AWARE OF HYDROGEN FUEL CELL?
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OPTION

PERCENTAGE

PERCENTAGE

STRONGLY AGREE AGREE CAT SAY DISAGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE

35% 50% 8% 6% 1%

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ACCORDING TO THE PIE CHART, PEOPLE STRONGLY AGREES AS WELL

AS AGREES THAT WE SHOULD MAKE OUR SURROUNDINGS AS WELL AS
OUR LOCALITY AWARE ABOUT THE HYDROGEN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY IN ORDER TO DECREASE THE LEVEL OF POLLUTION.
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9) IF HYDROGEN FUEL CELL IS INTRODUCED IN INDIA FOR VEHICLES WOULD YOU LIKE TO PREFER IT AS A REPLACEMENT OF PETROL AND DIESEL?
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OPTION

PERCENTAGE

PERCENTAGE

STRONGLY AGREE AGREE CANT SA Y DISAGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE

18% 52% 20% 7% 3%

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ACCORDING TO THE PIE CHART , MAJORITY OF THE

PEOPLE AGREES THAT IF THE HYDROGEN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY WILL BE INTRODUCED IN INDIA, THEY WILL DEFINETLY USE IT .
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11) AS PETROL AND DIESEL ARE THE NON-RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY , WITH THE GROWING DEMAND THERE WILL BE SCARCITY OF THESE RESOURCES . AT THAT TIME HYDROGEN FUEL CELL WILL PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN FILLING UP THE GAP. DO YOU AGREE ?
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OPTION

PERCENTAGE

PERCENTAGE

STRONGLY AGREE AGREE

15% 45%

CANT SAY
DISAGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE

30%
7% 3%

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AS PER THE PIE CHART PEOPLE AGREES THAT HYDROGEN FUEL CELL
TECHNOLOGY WILL HELP IN FILLING THE GAP BUT STILL FEW PEOPLE

DISAGREES MAY BE THEY ARE CONFUSED DUE TO THE LESS

AWARENESS OF IT IN INDIA.
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CONCLUSION
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The analysis for the topic REPLACEMENT OF HYDROGEN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY BY PETROL AND DIESEL stated that majority of people agreed that petrol and diesel needs an alternative before its too late and Hydrogen fuel cell technology can act as their alternative but still some of the people were confused or disagreed may be because of its some of the disadvantages or because people are not more aware about this. Though it has plenty of advantages over petrol and diesel but still there are few problems faced by this technology i.e.:

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CONCLUSION
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Currently, there is no hydrogen infrastructure to supply coast-to-coast delivery of hydrogen fuel. Technologies are being developed to provide alternative fuel storage and delivery methods. . Onboard fuel storage and conversion solutions are being developed but they are still years from being perfected. In the past, fuel cells were large and extremely expensive to manufacture, just as the first calculators and computers were. But, just like these products, the cost of fuel cells will quickly come down to consumeraffordable levels with mass production. We are currently in a transition period now, where many fuel cell companies are investing literally hundreds of millions of dollars to gear up for mass manufacturing at the same time they are trying to begin to develop a variety of markets for their product.

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CONCLUSION
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Electricity generated by fuel cells in cars costs thousands of dollars per kilowatt: This would have to fall by a factor of 10 for fuel cells to become economically viable. Fuel cells are currently very expensive, but since they have a simple construction, mass production costs would become extremely low. Prototype fuel cells last only 1/5th as long as would be needed to make fuel cells cost-effective. They are energy losers because it costs more to produce hydrogen than is earned by using hydrogen in fuel cells

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REFERENCES:
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http://www.fuelcells.org/ http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/ pdfs/doe_h2_fuelcell_factsheet.pdf Energy, Economics, and the Environment. Cases and Materials Second Edition. Chapter 15 Energy in Transportation p. 1199 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_vehicle http://www.hydrogenhighway.ca.gov/images/h2logo 135w.gif http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/

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