Face Recognition using Artificial Neural Network

Contents
Problem

specification Motivation Design Work done Results Future work Demonstration References

Problem Specification
To develop a face recognition system that:
Takes

a face image of a person as an input.

Compares

the face image of a person with the existing face images that are already stored in the database.
whether it is identified or not.

Reports

Motivation
Identity

fraud is becoming a major concern for all the governments around the globe Reliable methods of biometric personal identification exists ,but these methods rely on the cooperation of the participants neural networks are good tool for classification purposes

Design

Image

Image Sampling

Karhunen Loeve (KL) Transform

Multilayer Perceptron

Classification

Image sampling

KL Transform
To

reduce the dimensions of the image vector Based on eigen values and corresponding eigen vectors.

Multilayer perceptron

Training a neural network

We

train our neural network with a large sample of images. We wish to find the collection of weights that minimizes || TNET - TACTUAL || .

Testing
After

training is complete then the system as a whole is ready to be used for recognizing any given image. Testing image is used as an input to our system, the output of the system is compared against the values stored in the database. System reports whether a match or mismatch.

Work Done
Main

concern in the project: Face recognition and not face detection. Database of preprocessed images taken
CMU AMP Face Expression Database
contains

975 images of 13 subjects (75 images of each person) bmp format with slightly varying poses, expressions etc converted into pgm format using GIMP

Separate

java classes for

K L transform Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Training the MLP

 Package

named JAMA (Java matrix) used

Contains

matrix operations like covariance, inverse, transpose etc.

Coding
To

done in java. Reasons being:

make application platform independent Javas ability to handle large numbers Object oriented: to model real life situations

 Neural

net features:

Number of input layer neurons: Number of Eigenvalues Number of hidden layers: 1 Number of hidden layer neurons: 24(can be changed) Number of output layer neurons: total number of subjects Output given by neurons: 0 or 1

Working
Training done with training images Validation done for the test images Appropriate message generated if subject is identified or not identified

RESULTS
Different

permutations tried for :

Hidden layer neurons Output neurons Form of outputs Training cycles Learning rate

Done

to bring error in an acceptable range

Satisfactory results obtained for following combination :

Input neurons : selected Eigens Hidden neurons : 24(can be changed) Output neurons: total number of different subjects Training cycles: 100000 Learning Rate: 0.3 Error obtained: 2.42E-4

The system identified the subjects presented during training For subjects not given during training : System refused to identify

FUTURE WORK
Face

detection can be implemented Processing of image can be incorporated Output of unidentified persons can be stored for future reference Ensemble of MLPs can be implemented Incremental learning can be implemented

The mean Image

DEMO

After training

Selecting Image

Match Found

No Match

References
[1]
Steve Lawrence, C. Lee Giles, Ah Chung Tsoi, Andrew D. Back, Face Recognition: A Hybrid Neural Network Approach, Technical Report, UMIACS-TR-96-16 and CS-TR-3608, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, 1996. Wendy S. Yambor, Analysis of PCA-based and Fisher discriminantbased image recognition algorithms, Technical Report CS-00-103, Stuart Russel, Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern

[2] [3]

Computer Science Department, Colorado State University, July 2000.

Approach, Pearson Education, 2nd Edition.

[4] [5]

Matthew A. Turk, Alex P. Pentland, Face Recognition Using Eigenfaces, Vision and Modeling Group, The Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991.

[6]
[7]

A Literature Survey, ACM Computing Surveys, 2003, pp. 399-458.

W. Zhao, R. Chellappa, A. Rosenfeld, P.J. Phillips, Face Recognition:

T. De Bie, N. Cristianini, R. Rosipal, Eigenproblems in Pattern Recognition, Handbook of Computational Geometry for Pattern Recognition, Computer Vision, Neurocomputing and Robotics, E. BayroCorrochano (editor), Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, April 2004. Bai-Bo Zhang, Chang-Shui Zhang, Lower Bounds Estimation to KL Transform in Face Representation and Recognition, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Beijing, 4-5 November 2002.

[8] [9]

An Introduction to Linear Algebra, :

http://www.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/95linear/
John Heaton ,An Introduction to Neural Networks in Java, http://www.samspublishing.com

[10] H.M. Deitel, P.J. Deitel, Java How to Program, Pearson

Education,5th Edition