UP College of Social Work and Community Development Community Development Circle

Applicants' Gender Sensitivity Training

UP Population Institute

ACTIVITY A

ACTIVITY A

1. Upon your birth, what was the sex/gender assigned to you by the doctor or birth attendant?
MALE FEMALE

ACTIVITY A

2. How do you personally recognize, feel and identify yourself?

MALE/MAN/BOY FEMALE/WOMAN/GIRL

ACTIVITY A
3. How do you present or express yourself through the way you dress, behave, talk, etc.?
IN A PREDOMINANTLY MASCULINE MANNER

IN A PREDOMINANTLY FEMININE MANNER

IN BOTH MASCULINE & FEMININE MANNER

ACTIVITY A 4. What is the gender of the person/s you are romantically or sexually attracted to?
MALE/MAN/BOY

FEMALE/WOMAN/GIRL
BOTH OF THE ABOVE

ACTIVITY B

ACTIVITY B 1. Upon our birth, what do you think was the sex/gender assigned to us by the doctor or birth attendant?
MALE FEMALE

ACTIVITY B 2. How do you think we personally recognize, feel and identify ourselves?
MALE/MAN/BOY FEMALE/WOMAN/GIRL

ACTIVITY B
3. How do we present or express ourselves through the way we look dress, etc.?
IN A PREDOMINANTLY MASCULINE MANNER

IN A PREDOMINANTLY FEMININE MANNER

IN BOTH MASCULINE & FEMININE MANNER

ACTIVITY B 4. What do you think is the gender of the person/s we are romantically or sexually attracted to?
MALE/MAN/BOY

FEMALE/WOMAN/GIRL
BOTH OF THE ABOVE

The Model

ASSIGNED SEX/GENDER

GENDER IDENTITY

GENDER EXPRESSION

SEXUAL PREFERENCE

important terms to remember

Assigned sex: the sex assigned to a person upon his/her birth reflected in the certificate of live birth as determined by a doctor/birth attendant.

important terms to remember

Gender identity: a persons sense of being male, female, both or neither which may or may not correspond to that persons body or assigned sex at birth and which may or may not be reflected in gender expression. It is now acknowledged that gender identity resolves itself independent of a persons birth assigned sex, physical characteristics, initial gender role and sexual orientation (Besser et al, 2006).

important terms to remember

Gender expression: comprises the set of external characteristics and behaviors one projects in portraying ones gender identity which includes dress, mannerisms, speech patterns, physical characteristics, and other acts. Gender expression may or may not conform to norms and stereotypes (Rose, 2003).

important terms to remember

Sexual orientation: understood to refer to each persons capacity for profound emotional, affectional, and sexual attraction to, and intimate and sexual relations with, individuals of a different gender or the same gender or more than one gender (Yogyakarta Principles).

Recapitulation:

important terms to remember

The Other types

ASSIGNED SEX/GENDER

GENDER IDENTITY

GENDER EXPRESSION

SEXUAL PREFERENCE

ASSIGNED GENDER/SEX

SEXUAL PREFERENCE

NO NECESSARY CONNECTIONS

GENDER IDENTITY

GENDER EXPRESSION

ASSIGNED SEX/GENDER

GENDER IDENTITY

GENDER EXPRESSION

SEXUAL PREFERENCE

SEXUAL ORIENTATION

Attracted to the opposite sex = HETEROSEXUAL Attracted to the same sex = HOMOSEXUAL

Attracted to both male and female = BISEXUAL

Attracted to neither male nor female = ASEXUAL

ASSIGNED SEX/GENDER

GENDER IDENTITY

GENDER EXPRESSION SEXUAL PREFERENCE

ASSIGNED SEX/GENDER

GENDER IDENTITY

GENDER EXPRESSION SEXUAL PREFERENCE

Today, we continue with a story

Once there was a transgender woman who attended law school at the University of New Mexico (UNM) Because she was female, she used the womens bathroom, of course. But people did not understand and gave her grief for it. In fact, she was harassed.

So she distributed a statement to the UNM Law School community and below is part of what she wrote:

 Once upon a time, the entire UNM Law School community was just one gender: MALE. The lavatories reflected the needs of the population at that time; they were all mens rooms.
One day, a differently gendered student body arrived at law school. In order to accommodate these new students, some of the MENs restrooms underwent sex changes and became WOMENs restrooms. Despite the success of these sex-changes, there were still other student bodies that did not fit into these lavatories; so the restrooms underwent further reconfiguration and were made wheel-chair accessible.

Since then, transgender bodies have arrived at law school, these bodies do not always fit in to the MENs room or WOMENs room. Because of our law schools commitment to diversity, yet another change must be made to accommodate the vast array of gendered and non-gendered bodies.

 That trans (short for transgender) woman was Atty. Kim Coco Iwamoto. made history in 2006 elected to the Hawaii State Board of Education highest ranking transgender elected official in the US.

TRANS + GENDER
To change (as in transform) gender The term is credited to Virginia Prince
cross dresser from the US coined the term in the 70s describes her desire to be a woman without changing her sex

To cross or go across (as in transit) the genders

To go beyond or be beyond (as in transcend) gender

TRANS + GENDER
Only the term transgender is new although transgender people have existed in every culture, race and class since the beginning of time (Green, 2000). There is also preference for it, as the term is not clinical and came from the community (Green, 2000).

TRANSGENDER
In its broadest sense, can mean anybody regardless of sexual orientation, whose appearance, personal characteristics and behaviors do not fit conventional definitions of man and woman. This can include anyone from feminine acting men or masculine looking women to people who use hormones and/or surgery to realign their bodies with their gender identity.

end.

TRANSGENDER
Understood within and outside the global lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community as referring to gender variant or gender diverse people or those whose gender identity and/or expression are not traditionally associated with their birth assigned sex.

Transgender is not a sexual orientation and thus encompasses a wide range of people who may identify as nonsexual (asexual), heterosexual, homosexual and/or bisexual.

Identities under the transgender umbrella

Cross Dressers people who occasionally adopt the clothing or appearance associated with the other gender. Cross dressers do not seek permanent change in their physical appearance or manner of expression

Identities under the transgender umbrella

Genderqueersare those who reject the notion that there are only two genders. Genderqueer people do not identify as being distinctly male or female. Sometimes they identify as both (i.e., intergender) or neither nor (i.e., agender) thereby identifying as a third gender. Because of their ambiguous gender expression, they are sometimes called androgynes.

Identities under the transgender umbrella

Intersex is now the preferred term ascribed to people born with atypical sex characteristics. The old term for this condition was hermaphroditism (from the Greek hermaphrodite, one of Cupids variant names as the child of Hermes and Aphrodite). Because of this specious term, people with intersex conditions were mistakenly thought of as having both male and female genitalia, a biological impossibility.

In fact, intersex people may have sex hormones, chromosomes, external genitalia and internal reproductive systems that are not considered standard male or female. Intersex people do not

necessarily identify as trans.

Identities under the transgender umbrella

Transsexualsare people whose gender identity is the direct opposite of their assigned sex at birth. Many but not all transsexual people resolve this incongruence by changing their gender expression and anatomy through hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and various surgeries, a process commonly referred to as transition.

Transsexuals who do not transition may maintain that their true gender identity is still opposite to the one assigned to them at birth.

Transgenderism in the Philippines Dates back to pre-Hispanic times Transgender people called asog/bayoguin held positions of social prestige as community priestesses and healers. They worked as babaylan/catalonan/ daetan/baliana and served as a religious leader, equal in status to the communitys political leader. (Garcia, 1996).

Transgenderism in the Philippines

They reflect a tradition of transgender shamanism that can also be found in other Asian countries such as Burma/Myanmar, Indonesia, Thailand, India, China, etc. (Winter, 2002b). As in other ancient cultures, they were venerated as a third gender or a female variant and thought to posses wisdom others didnt have (Allen, 2008)

Transgenderism in the Philippines Presently there is no indigenous term for transgender Filipinos Lack of understanding of the transgender phenomenon interprets it as an extreme form of homosexuality

Transgenderism in the Philippines Modern transgender consciousness in the Philippines, thus, feels a need to coin a new term to distinguish transgender people TRANSPINAY term was coined by the Society of Transsexual Women of the Philippines (STRAP) (Visit www.tsphilippines.com)

Launch of the. . . TRANSPINAY

From transgender/ transsexual (trans for short) and Filipina (Pinay for short) Includes all females of Philippine descent who were assigned male at birth Symbolizes our right to define our gender identity

The most prominent transpinay at the moment. . .

The Math Goddess of Iloilo

Ms. RICA PARAS

transpinays are one with other women of trans experience from around the world in celebrating gender diversity.

Two-spirit people from North American Indian tribes, the travesti from Latin America, the male-to-female priestesses of the Araucanians from Chile and Argentina, the mahu, fakaleiti and fa-a-fa-fine of Oceania and crossgendered individuals from various African tribes

The hijras and kothi from Bangladesh and India, the kathoey from Thailand and Laos, the acault (pronounced achow) from Burma/ Myanmar, the mak nyah from Malaysia, the waria or banci from Indonesia, the bin sing yan and bian xing ren (sex change people) from Hong Kong and China respectively, the newhalf from Japan, and the xanith from Oman.
There are also trans people in Singapore, Korea, Turkey, Iran, and Iraq without local names.

Some successful transsexual women (from the web site of Lynn Conway)

Georgina Beyer (former member of New Zealand Parliament) Susan Stryker (writer/historian; author of Transgender History)

Mianne Bagger (professional golfer)

Some successful transsexual women (from the web site of Lynn Conway)

Michelle Dumaresq (mountain bike racer)

Jennifer Boylan (screenwriter/author/teacher)

Femke Olyslager, Ph.D. (passed away in January 2009; Professor of Electrical Engineering & Applied Physics, University of Ghent, Belgium)

ACTIVITY 2

ACTIVITY 2

Gender Discrimination or Bias

Discrimination on the basis of another persons sex/gender is called gender discrimination

Gender discrimination is a key human rights violation, because

it is directed even to those we would otherwise consider equal and closest to us, like our spouses and children.

It is very widespread and pervasive.

Discrimination defined
Discrimination against anyone
Any Distinction, Exclusion Or Restriction On the basis of sex, sexual orientation and gender identity Purpose or effect Impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by someone, irrespective of marital status, on the basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms

Manifestations of Gender Discrimination or Bias

Stereotyping Multiple Burden Subordination Marginalization Ostracism Violence Against Women

Stereotyping

Expectations and value systems imposed on people regarding their roles and behavior in the family, the community and in the greater society.

Multiple Burden
the myriad of responsibilities imposed on women both within and outside the family which translates to longer work hours and a wider breadth of tasks relative to men

(Political) Subordination
Women are expected to take secondary roles to men with regard to decision making at the household level, at the workplace, and at the legislative level.

(Economic) Marginalization
Putting less value on the contributions of women on the grounds of their supposed minor or support role in family income generation.

Plain housewife lang po ako.

Ostracism
Women and men who defy moral standards are often shunned by others, including family members, neighbors, church/school/ work mates, etc.
Prostitutes (alleged) Third Party

Cougars

LGBTs

Violence Against Women (VAW)

VAW is any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life.

Gender Discrimination or Bias

Effects include:
unwanted pregnancies

unsafe abortions STI/HIV physical abuse low self-esteem psychological problems (e.g., depression, nervous breakdown,
anxiety, etc.)

unemployment financial/economic dependence death

Gender-based discrimination violates our Human Rights!

Article 2. Universal Declaration of Human Rights: EVERYONE is entitled to all the rights and freedoms .without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

Is gender sensitivity necessary?

Yes!
Because it concerns us and our relationship with others, including our loved ones (i.e., family, relatives, and friends), coworkers, our community, the larger society Gender sensitivity aims to effect universal social change. It recognizes gender equality and works towards gender justice. It is essentially about treating others the way we want to be treated.

Basic question is:

If others discriminate against me or violate me based on my gender, gender identity, and/or sexual orientation, how would I feel?

And the challenge is:

As student leaders, how can you ensure that there will be no sex/gender-based discrimination in your respective organizations?

We dont have to know whats between peoples legs in order for us to hire them, to accept them, to befriend them, to appreciate them, & perhaps even to love them. After all, we dont have vaginas and penises as workers, students, parents, teachers, friends, and partners in life.
What we have are people who happen to have them between their legs and not vaginas and penises who happen to have these people. ---Ms. Sass Rogando Sasot

REFERENCES
Allen, M. (2008). Transgender history. Retrieved June 26, 2008 from www.bilerico.com. Besser, M., Carr, S., Cohen-Kettenis, P.T., Connolly, P., De Sutter, P., Diamond, M., et al (2006). Atypical gender development: A review. International Journal of Transgenderism, 9, 1. Garcia, J. N. (1996). Philippine gay culture: The last 30 years. Diliman, Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press. Green, J. (2000). Introduction to transgender issues. In P. Currah & S. Minter Transgender equality: A handbook for activists and policy makers. Washington, DC: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute. Nanda, S. (2000). Gender diversity: Cross-cultural variations. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland. Nanda, S. (2008). Sex-gender diversity: A cross-cultural perspective. Retrieved June 26, 2008 from web.hku.hk/~sjwinter/TransgenderASIA/index.htm Rose, D. (2003). Transsexuals in the workplace: A survivors perspective. Retrieved June 26, 2008 from www.donnarose.com. Winter, S. (2002a). An overview of TG in Asia. Retrieved June 26, 2008 from web.hku.hk/~sjwinter/TransgenderASIA/index.htm Winter, S. (2002b). Thirteen general propositions about TG in Asia. Retrieved June 26, 2008 from web.hku.hk/~sjwinter/TransgenderASIA/index.htm Xavier, J. (2001). The gender variance model. Retrieved March 9, 2009 from www.gender.org.

Thank you for listening