I like people who smile always I am very reserved I can get along with people easily I am happy if things

favor me I value people who work hard I cant stand for dishonesty

Attitude

Attitudes Formation of attitude Relationship with behavior Types of attitudes

An attitude is a hypothetical construct that represents an individual's degree of like or dislike for an item Evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects ,people, or events. Attitudes are also known as frames of reference

According to Katz and Scotland

Attitude is a tendency or predisposition to evaluate an object or symbol of that object in a certain way

A favorable or unfavorable evaluative reaction toward something or someone. In Social Psychology attitudes are defined as positive or negative evaluations of objects of thought

An attitude is predisposition of the individual to evaluate some objects in favorable or an unfavouarable manner. Attitudes are evaluative statements. An attitude is mental state of readiness,organised through experience, exerting a specific influence upon persons response.

Cognitive-

Behavior-

Affective -

Values are one of the determinants of ones attitude

Value Statement: 1.Honesty is the best Policy 2.A worker must be honest to his work Attitude Statement / Evaluative Statement Honest workers are good An individual considers an honest worker to be a good because of his values that A worker must be honest to his work
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Attitudes are composed of thinking, feeling, and behaving: Cognitive (thinking) component Beliefs people hold about the object of the attitude. Affective (feeling) component Emotional feelings stimulated by the object. Behavioralcomponent(Acting)Predispositions to act in certain ways toward the object

Cognitive=Evaluation My supervisor gave a promotion to a coworker who deserved it less-My supervisor is unfair Affective =feeling I dislike my supervisor Behavioral=Action I am looking for other work. I have complained about my supervisor to anyone who would listen.

Attitude??? Negative attitude to supervisor.

JOB SATISFACTION

JOB INVOLVEMENT

ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT

ATTITUDE

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

Job Satisfaction: The term job satisfaction refers to the general attitude or feelings of an individual towards his job A person who is highly satisfied with his job, will have a positive attitude towards the job

A person who is highly dissatisfied with his job will have negative attitude about the job

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A Person who is satisfied with his job will always be : Punctual Absenteeism will be minimum Performance will be high His attitude towards his co-workers and boss will also be very positive
Attiutde 18

A dissatisfied Person:

Generally Late for Office Absent himself from job Turnover will be high Performance level will be poor

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Job Involvement:

Job Involvement is psychological identification with the job Job Involvement measures the degree to which a person identifies psychologically with his or her job and considers his or her perceived performance level important to self worth

Attiutde

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Employees who have high level of job involvement : Very Strongly identify with their jobs Really care about the kind of work they do

High Degree of Job Involvement leads to

Less Absenteeism Lower resignation rates

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Organisational Commitment:
Organizational Commitment is a state in which

an employee identifies with a particular

organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization
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Turnover and Absenteeism are low when an employee has organizational commitment Sometimes, an employee may be dissatisfied with the job, but he may not be dissatisfied with the organization as a whole. In such a case, he may stick with the organization because he may consider it a temporary situation.

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Employee turnover is a ratio comparison of the number of employees a company must replace in a given time period to the average number of total employees.

Attitudes are learned.3 major influences are involved in formation of attitudes. 1 Direct experience -Classical conditioning -operant conditioning -vicarious learning 2 Social Learning 3 Cognitive dissonance theory

Direct Instruction involves being told what attitudes to have by parents, schools, community organizations, religious doctrine, friends, etc

Classical conditioning is another simple form of learning. It involves involuntary responses and is acquired through the pairing of two stimuli. Two events that repeatedly occur close together in time become fused and before long the person responds in the same way to both events.

Originally studied by Pavlov, the process requires an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) that produces an involuntary (reflexive) response (UCR). If a Neutral stimulus (NS) is paired, either very dramatically on one occasion, or repeatedly for several acquisition trials, the neutral stimulus will lead to the same response elicited by the unconditioned response.

At this point the stimulus is no longer neutral and so is referred to as a conditioned stimulus (CS) and the response has now become a learned response and so is referred to as a conditioned response (CR).
In Pavlovs research the UCS was meat powder which led to an UCR of salivation. The NS was a bell. At first the bell elicited no response from the dog, but eventually the bell alone caused the dog to salivate.

Advertisers create positive attitudes towards their products by presenting attractive models in their ads. In this case the model is the UCS and our reaction to him, or her, is an automatic positive response. The product is the original NS which through pairing comes to elicit a positive conditioned response.

In a similar fashion, pleasant or unpleasant experiences with members of a particular group could lead to positive or negative attitudes toward that group. Classical conditioning is especially involved with the emotional, or affective, component of attitudes

 Operant Conditioning is a simple form of learning. It is based on the Law of Effect and involves

voluntary responses. Behaviors (including verbal behaviors and maybe even thoughts) tend to be repeated if they are reinforced (i.e., followed by a positive experience). Conversely, behaviors tend to be stopped when they are punished (i.e., followed by an unpleasant experience).

Thus, if one expresses, or acts out an attitude toward some group, and this is reinforced by ones peers, the attitude is strengthened and is likely to be expressed again. The reinforcement can be as subtle as a smile or as obvious as a raise in salary. Operant conditioning is especially involved with the behavioral component of attitudes.

You are on a diet but you just ate a dozen chocolate chip cookies. You bake in the sun or a tanning bed even thought you know that there are risks of skin cancer and you might look like an overcooked pork chop. You leave work on a paper to the last minute knowing that the delay will probably harm your grade.

Cognitive Dissonance exists when related cognitions, feelings or behaviors are inconsistent or contradictory. Cognitive dissonance creates an unpleasant state of tension that motivates people to reduce their dissonance by changing their cognitions, feeling, or behaviors.