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Learning Outcomes
At the end of the topic, students should be able to: Making inferences two related sample by using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed- rank test.
Definition
Need for case of two related sample when the
measurement scale allow to determine not only whether the member of a pair of observation differ, but also the magnitude of any difference.
Assumption
The data
for analysis consist of n values of the differences Di = Yi- Xi. Each pairs of measurement (Xi, Yi) is taken on the same subject or non subject that have paired with respect to one or more variables. The sample of (Xi, Yi) pairs is random. The differences represent observation on a continuous random variable. The distribution of the population of differences is symmetric about their median, MD. The differences are independent. The differences are measured on at least an interval scale.
Hypothesis
A. Two- sided (equal) Ho : MD = O H1 : MD O B. One- sided (increase) Ho : MD O H1:MD > O C. One-sided (decrease) Ho : MD O H1: MD < O
Test statistic
Obtain each of the signed differences Di = Yi Xi Rank the absolute values of these differences from smallest to largest | Di | = | Yi Xi| Assign to each of the resulting ranks the sign of the difference whose absolute valued yielded that rank. Compute (depend on H1): T+ = sum of the rank with positive signs T- = sum of the rank with negative signs
Ties
There are two types: When Yi=Xi for a given pair. Then we having Di = Yi Xi = 0 and reduce n accordingly. When two or more values of | Di | are equal
Decision Rule
A Hypothesis Test Statistic Either T+ or T- for which is smaller B Ho : MD O H1 : MD> O TC Ho : MD O H1 : MD< O T+
Example
Dickie et. al* studied hemodynamic changes in patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism. Table 4.6 shows the mean pulmonary artery pressure of 9 of these patients before and 24 hours after urokinase therapy. We wish to know whether these data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that urokinase theraphy lowers pulmonary artery pressure. Let = 0.05
* Source:Kenneth J.Dickie,William J.de Groot, Robert N.Cooley,Ted P.Bond, and M.Mason Guest, Hemodynamic Effects of Bolus Infusion of Urokinase in Pulmonary
Thromboembolism,Amer.Rev.Respir.Dis.,109(1974),48-56.
Mean Pulmonary Artery pressure , millimeters and mercury Patient 0 hours (X) 24 hours (Y) 1 33 21 2 17 17 3 30 22 4 25 13 5 36 33 6 25 20 7 31 19 8 20 13 9 18 9
SOLUTION Step 1:
T33
17 30 25 36 25 31 20 18
T+
21
17 22 13 33 20 19 13 9
-12
0 -8 -12 -3 -5 -12 -7 -9
7
4 7 1 2 7 3 5
-7
Omit -4 -7 -1 -2 -7 -3 -5 T- = 36 T+ = 0
Step 3:
Since n= 8 , T+=0 From the table A.3 the probability of observing a value of T+=0 when H0 is true is 0.0039. P-value = 0.0039 < 0.05 Table A.3
Step 4: Decision
Reject H0
Step 5: Conclusion
Enough evidence to support the claim that urokinase therapy lowers pulmonary artery pressure.
Duration of cardiac acceleration, seconds, timed respiration means for 15-second interval breathing Table 4.8
Pair Psychotic (x) Control (y) 2.46 1.88 2.38 1.94 2.14 1.60 1.96 1.82 1.80 1.84 1 1.74 2 1.44 3 2.12 4 1.80 5 2.00 6 2.70 7 1.96 8 1.46 9 1.82 10 1.40
Answer
1 109
2 57
3 53
4 57
5 68
6 72
7 51
8 65
56
44
55
40
62
46
49
41
Answer
Difference in reading test score made by thirty two matched pairs of subject, one member of which was assigned to an experimental program and the other to a control group ( before score subtracted from the score)
Pair Experimental (X) Control (Y) 1 0.5 0.8 2 1.0 1.1 3 0.6 -0.1 4 0.1 0.3 5 1.3 0.2 6 0.1 1.5 7 1.0 1.3 8 0.2 0.6 9 0.4 1.2 10 0.6 0.3 11 0.7 0.8 12 0.9 1.0 13 1.2 0.5 14 0.8 1.6 15 0.5 0.1 16 1.4 0.5
17 0.2 1.2
18 1.3 0.2
19 0.6 0.8
20 0.4 1.1
21 0.3 1.1
22 0.7 1.6
23 1.0 0.4
24 1.1 1.16
25 1.3 0.5
26 1.2 0.5
27 0.2 0.8
28 0.4 0.9
29 0.7 1.1
30 0.8 1.1
31 0.1 0.3
32 1.0 0.9
Answer
http://youtu.be/r0oxMfmmrOE