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RIEMANN

Azreen Syazwani Mohd Azmi Nuramalina bte Fauzi Hani Azaitie binti Saad Wan Raihanah binti Meor Idris

Georg Friedrich Bernhard Bernhard Riemann Riemann. Born:17 September 1826 Died: 20 July 1866 (age 39) German mathematician His father Friedrich Riemann was Lutheran minister. His mother is Charlotte Ebell

Early years. Riemann was the second of six children(2 boys and 4 girls), shy, and suffered from numerous nervous breakdown. His father acted as teacher to his children and taught Bernhard until he was 10 years old. He was exhibited exceptional mathematical skills, such as fantastic calculation abilities, from an early age but suffered from timidity and fear of speaking in public.

1840-Middle school lyceum. High school Johanneum Luneberg Study the Bible intensively but often distracted by mathematics. 1846, at age 19-started to study philology and theology in order to become a priest and help familys finances. 1846 University of Gottingen planning to study towards degree in Theology. However turn to study mathematics under Carl Friedrich Gauss(his lectures is method of least square) 1847- transfer to University of Berlin. His lecturers on that time is Dirichlet, Steiner and Einstein. He takes two years and returned to Gottingen in 1849.

Education

Academia
1854- held his first lecture which found Riemannian Geometry and set stage for Einsteins general theory of relativity. 1857- attempt to promote Riemann to professor status at University of Gottingen-however fail. 1859- after death of Drichlet he was promoted to head mathematics department at Gottingen. 1862- married Elise Koch and had a daughter

REIMANNS CONTRIBUTION

LIST OF REIMANNS CONTRIBUTIONs IN SEVERAL AREAS

Riemannian geometry
Combining analysis with geometry

Algebraic geometry Complex manifold geometry Riemann surface

Real analysi s

Riemann integral = Riemann Sum

Trigonometric series

Riemann zeta function


Analytic number theory

Riemann hypothesis

Complex analysis
Cauchy Riemann equations

Sumbangan Riemann
Riemann Sum -satu proses atau kaedah untuk mencari nilai hampir jumlah luas kawasan di bawah lengkung pada graf menggunakan subselang. Terdapat empat jenis Riemann Sum iaitu: 1. Kiri 2. Kanan 3. Titik tengah 4. Trapezoidal rule

Sumbangan Riemann
Riemann Sum Kiri

Left(n) = (f(x0) + f(x1) + f(x2) + ... + f(xn 1))x

Sumbangan Riemann
Riemann Sum Kanan.

Right(n) = (f(x1) + f(x2) + f(x3) + ... + f(xn))x

Sumbangan Riemann
Riemann Sum Titik Tengah

x0 x1 x2 x3 xn1 xn x1 x2 Mid(n) ( f ( ) f ( ) f ( ) ... f ( ))x 2 2 2 2

Sumbangan Riemann
Riemann Sum Trapezoidal Rule

Trap(n)

ba ( f ( x0 ) 2 f ( x1 ) 2 f ( x2 ) ... 2 f ( xn 1 ) f ( xn )) 2n

CauchyRiemann differential equations

Consist of a system of two partial differential equations which must be satisfied if we know that a complex function is complex differentiable

CauchyRiemann differential equations

the equations are necessary and sufficient conditions for complex differentiation once we assume that its real and imaginary parts are differentiable real functions of two variables

CauchyRiemann differential equations


The CauchyRiemann equations on a pair of real-valued functions of two real variables u(x, y) and v(x, y) are the two equations:

CauchyRiemann differential equations

Typically u and v are taken to be the real and imaginary parts respectively of a complex-valued function of a single complex variable z=x+iy, f(x + iy) = u(x,y) + iv(x,y)

CauchyRiemann differential equations

Then f = u + iv is complexdifferentiable at that point if and only if the partial derivatives of u and v satisfy the CauchyRiemann equations (1a) and (1b) at that point

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