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A continuous beam of X-rays is incident on the crystal The diffracted radiation is very intense in certain directions These directions correspond to constructive interference from waves reflected from the layers of the crystal
Production of X-rays
X-rays are produced when highspeed electrons are suddenly slowed down Can be caused by the electron striking a metal target
A current in the filament causes electrons to be emitted These freed electrons are accelerated toward a dense metal target The target is held at a higher potential than the filament
Equipment
Goniometer
2-Theta:Theta Setup
X-ray spectrum
Braggs Law
The beam reflected from the lower surface travels farther than the one reflected from the upper surface If the path difference equals some integral multiple of the wavelength, constructive interference occurs Braggs Law gives the conditions for constructive interference 2 d sin = m , m = 1, 2, 3
X-rays of wavelength 0.140 nm are reflected from a certain crystal, and the first-order maximum occurs at an angle of 14.4. What value does this give for the interplanar spacing of this crystal?
Photo of X-ray Diffraction Pattern The array of spots is called a Laue pattern The crystal structure is determined by analyzing the positions and intensities of the various spots This is for NaCl
Nano-Kompozitler
Nano-Kompozitler Nanoteknolojinin z, molekler boyutta alarak, molekler yaps yenilenmi byk yaplar elde etmektir. Malzemelerin nanometrik boyuttaki zellikleri, ayn malzemenin makro boyuttaki zelliklerine gre deiiklik gstermektedir. Nano kompozitler, bir matris ierisinde nanometre byklnde paracklarn dalmas ile oluan malzemelerdir. Nano kompozitlerin malzemeye getirdii stnlkler; modl arttrmas, glendirmesi, s direncini arttrmas, malzemeye gaz szmasn engellemesi, yancln azaltmas olarak sralanabilir.
NANO-KOMPOZTLER
metal / seramik metal / metal seramik / seramik
Nano Kompozitler
polimer / seramik
inorganik/ polimer
polimer / polimer
NANO-KOMPOZTLER
1. Nanokompozitler seramik/seramik
Al2O3/(SiC, Si3N4, TiC, TiN, TiB2, BN), MgO/SiC, Si3N4/(SiC, TiN, BN), Sialon/SiC, B4C/SiC, B4C/SiC/TiB2
2. Nanokompozitler seramik/metal
Al2O3/(W, Mo, Ti, Ni, Co, Fe, FeNi), ZrO2/(Mo, Ni. Co) MgO/(Fe, Ni)
4. Nanokompozitler metal/seramic
Ti-Al Intermetalic based nanocomposites, MoSi2 based nanocomposites
Toz
Mikroyap
Makroyap
NANO-KOMPOZTLER Nanoboyuttaki tozlar, gelimi zelliklere sahip nanokompozitleri oluturmak zere seramik, metal ya da polimer gibi malzemeler iinde destekleyici olarak kullanlmaktadr. Nano toz / Nano toz seramik kompozitler iin kullanlacak tozlar; Yksek kimyasal saflk Homojen toz boyut dalm Dk topaklama Nano boyutta homojen olarak dalm tozlarn elde edilmesi gerekir. BU NEDENLE TOZ RETM YNTEM NEML BR BASAMAKTIR.
DOLGU MADDELER
KL
Yksek iyon deiim kapasitesi Yksek yzey alan/hacim oran, Kolay ilenebilirlik, Dk maliyet
Polimerlerin termal, mekanik ve yanmazlk zelliklerini, kilin yap iinde kolay dalm ve kil tabakalarnn birbirinden ayrlmasyla gelitirir.
MONTMORLLONT (MMT)
MONTMORLLONT (MMT)
nm
3. Exfoliated nanokompozit; Kil tabakalar birbirinden tamamen ayrlm ve polimer matriksine dalmtr. Polimer/nanokil etkileimi maksimumdur.