HISTORY

What is the definition of a robot?

According to the Robot Institute of America (1979) a robot is:

"A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks".

 According to Websters

Dictionary, a robot is:

"An automatic device that performs functions normally ascribed to humans or a machine in the form of a human.

 The word 'robotics' was first used in Runaround, a short

story published in 1942, by Isaac Asimov (born Jan. 2, 1920, died Apr. 6, 1992). I, Robot, a collection of several of these stories, was published in 1950.

Three Laws of Robotics

Asimov proposed his three "Laws of Robotics", and he later added

a 'zeroth law'. Law Zero : A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm. Law One : A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a higher order law.

Law Two: A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher order law.

Law Three: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher order law.

 1495 :

Leonardo Da Vinci designs a mechanical device that looks like an armored knight. The mechanisms inside "Leonardo's robot" are designed to make the knight move as if there was a real person inside. Inventors in medieval times often built machines like "Leonardo's robot" to amuse royalty.

 1921 : The first reference to the word

robot is made in a play by Czech writer Karel Capek (1890 1938) R.U.R (Rossums Universal Robots). The word comes from the Czech robota which means serf or one in subservient labour.

BENEFIT OF ROBOTICS.
People would have the ability to creates a robotic

version of themselves by uploading their brain to a robotic body. The brain means the suitable data. For example data for robotic make a job. Such as cleaning, cooking and so on.
Robotics is easily to maintenances to improved their

system.

Robotics can leading to near immortality also By intelligent robots at our command human can let

robots to do everything for them.

It also can help and give the human freedom from doing heavy jobs or

hazardous job.

Because humans require resources like sleep, nutrition and mental stimulation to be fully functional, robots have replaced people on many assembly lines with great success
There are many benefit of robotics

OTHER BENEFIT OF ROBOTICS USES.

- FOR MEDICAL - IN INDUSTRY - IN MANUFACTURING.

Benefit of robotic surgery- medical Robotic surgery uses a high level computer system to enhance precision, control and dexterity during surgery For the Surgeon

FOR MEDICAL

-it can magnified 3D visualization for optimum viewing within the operative site. -increased precision, control and range of motion of micro-instruments. -tremor filtration. -improved access to and manipulation of organs, tissues and nerves.

For the Patient shorter hospitalization (most patients can go home the next day) can reduced pain Can faster recovery times Can be smaller incisions, resulting in reduced risk of infection, less blood loss -and minimal scarring Can autologous donation (donating own blood before surgery) not required patients can resume normal activities sooner Hysterectomy Recovery Less Trauma Means

IN INDUSTRY
industrial robot is defined as an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes.

The benefit of robotic in industry.

Robots can improve the quality of life by freeing workers from dirty, boring, dangerous and heavy labor Improved management control and productivity and consistently high quality products.
Can work tirelessly night and day on an assembly line without any loss in

performance

They can greatly reduce the costs of manufactured goods.

Because of these industrial benefits, countries that effectively use robots in their industries will have an economic advantage in global markets.

In Manufacturing Engineering
Precision and Efficiency it is a well-founded scientific fact that no matter how focused the individual may be, a human being will always fatigue both physically and mentally during long hours of intense physical or mental exertion, like that found on an assembly line. Robots, however, require no breaks to rest, nor do they grow weary and uncoordinated after 10 hours of ceaseless labor. A robot can be left to do its job for much longer hours than humans can manage without losing quality in their work, especially during precise operations such as soldering microchips.

Long-term Cost A manufacturing robot can seem unbelievably expensive at first. However, the long-term cost comparison favors an automated workplace. Robots do not require pension, paid vacation, sick leave, maternity leave, benefits, severance pay, or indeed, any pay at all.. a robotic worker pays for itself and beyond,.

Ease of Exchange/Upgrade
A robot, can be purchased, worked, upgraded and exchanged for a better model at will without having to worry about severance packages. In addition,we can replace a robot without causing a panic among the other employees, robotic or otherwise.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ROBOTICS

The Advantages of Robots Quality: Robots have the capacity to dramatically improve product quality. Applications are performed with precision and high repeatability every time. This level of consistency can be hard to achieve any other way. Production: With robots, throughput speeds increase, which directly impacts production. Because robots have the ability to work at a constant speed without pausing for breaks, sleep, vacations, they have the potential to produce more than a human worker. Safety: Robots increase workplace safety. Workers are moved to supervisory roles, so they no longer have to perform dangerous applications in hazardous settings. Savings: Greater worker safety leads to financial savings. There are fewer healthcare and insurance concerns for employers. Robots also offer untiring performance which saves valuable time. Their movements are always exact, so less material is wasted.

terms of health and safety As aforementioned, robotics has led to a highly secure environment in terms of industrial safety. All the potentially dangerous tasks are increasingly being handled by robots. This has saved workers from various dangers of both the physical and the psychological kind. Regards to the environment Many a nuclear power plant disaster has been cleaned up using robots. Robots are also being used to dismantle ships and also clean pipes caked with asbestos. They have been used by environmentalist and biologists to conduct experiments that tackle issues of pollution and the environment. All in all robotics has helped and will continue to help humans in different ways and means. It is going though a continuous process of evolution and there will come a time when robots will become an indispensable part of your daily lives.

It true that robots can cause unemployment by replacing human workers? no, robots also create jobs for robot technicians, salesmen, engineers, programmers, and supervisors. And the robots also must be conduct by human.
The Disadvantages of Robots:

Expense: The initial investment of robots is significant, especially when business owners are limiting their purchases to new robotic equipment. The cost of automation should be calculated in light of a business' greater financial budget. Regular maintenance needs can have a financial toll as well.
Expertise: Employees will require training in programming and interacting with the new robotic equipment. This normally takes time and financial output. Safety: Robots may protect workers from some hazards, but in the meantime, their very presence can create other safety problems. These new dangers must be taken into consideration.