Web Application Deployment & JDBC

CSC 667, Spring 2004 Dr. Ilmi Yoon

Web Application
With the release of the Java Servlet Specification 2.2 Web Application is a collection of servlets, html pages, classes, and other resources that can be bundled and run on multiple containers from multiple vendors Each web application has one and only one ServletContext http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2001/0 3/15/tomcat.html http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2001/0 4/19/tomcat.html

Deployment
Deployment descriptor (web.xml) Web applications can be changed without stopping the server With a standardized deployment comes standardized tools Check http://unicorn.sfsu.edu/~csc667/0424/667_files/frame.htm for tips for Ant, TogetherSoft, Tomcat install & deployment

Table 1. The Web Application Directory Structure

Directory

Contains

/onjava

This is the root directory of the web application. All JSP and XHTML files are stored here.

/onjava/WEB-INF

/onjava/WEB-INF/classes

This directory contains all resources related to the application that are not in the document root of the application. This is where your web application deployment descriptor is located. Note that the WEB-INF directory is not part of the public document. No files contained in this This directory is where servlet and utility classes directory can be served directly to a client. are located.

/onjava/WEB-INF/lib

This directory contains Java Archive files that the web application depends upon. For example, this is where you would place a JAR file that contained a JDBC driver.

Installation & Setup

Update CLASSPATH

Identify the Classes (jsp.jar, jspengine.jar, servlet.jar, jasper.jar) to the java Compiler Unix
CLASSPATH=${TOMCAT_HOME}/webserver.jar CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:${TOMCAT_HOME}/webserver.jar CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:${TOMCAT_HOME}/lib/servlet/jar CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:${TOMCAT_HOME}/lib/jsper.jar CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:${TOMCAT_HOME}/examples/WEBINF/classes

Windows

set CLASSPATH=.;dir\servlet.jar;dir\jspengine.jar

Installation & Setup

Compile and Install your servlets

Tomcat
install_dir/webpages/WEB-INF/classes install_dir/classes install_dir/lib (non frequently changing classes) install_dir/webapps/ROOT/WEBINF/classes (3.1)

Invoking the servlets

http://host:port/servlet/Packagename.servetN ame use /servlet/ regardless the actual directory name Register servlet

Calling Servlets From a Browser

The URL for a servlet has the following general form, where servlet-name corresponds to the name you have given your servlet: http://machine-name:port/servlet/servlet-name

Servlet URLs can contain queries, such as for HTTP GET requests. For example, if the servlet's name is bookdetails; the URL for the servlet to GET and display all the information about the bookstore's featured book is: http://localhost:8080/servlet/bookdetails?bookId= 203

Web.xml under WEB_INF

<web-app> <display-name>The OnJava App</display-name> <sessiontimeout>30</session-timeout> <servlet> <servlet-name>TestServlet</servlet-name> <servletclass>com.onjava.TestServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> <initparam> <param-name>name</param-name> <param-value>value</param-value> </initparam> </servlet> </web-app>

Packing the Web Application

Web ARchive file (WAR) Command : jar cvf onjava.war . Now you can deploy your web application by simply distributing this file

Table 5. The Tomcat Directory Structure

/bin

/conf /server /lib /logs /src

This directory contains the main configuration files for Tomcat. The two most important are the server.xml and the global web.xml. This directory contains the Tomcat Java Archive files. This directory contains Java Archive files that Tomcat is dependent upon. This directory contains Tomcat's log files. This directory contains the source code used by the Tomcat server. Once Tomcat is released, it will probably contain interfaces and abstract classes only. All web applications are deployed in this directory; it contains the WAR file. This is the directory in which Tomcat will place all servlets that are generated from JSPs. If you want to see exactly how a particular JSP is interpreted, look in this directory.

/webapps /work

Steps Involved in Deploying a Web Application to Tomcat

1. Copy your WAR file to the TOMCAT_HOME/webapps directory. 2. Add a new Context entry to the TOMCAT_HOME/conf/server.xml file, setting the values for the path and docBase to the name of your web application. 3. <Context path="/onjava" docBase="onjava" debug="0" reloadable="true" />
If you look at the TOMCAT_HOME/webapps directory, you will see a new directory matching the name of your WAR file

JDBC
Database
DBMS SQL

Collection of data Database management system Storing and organizing data Relational database Structured Query Language Java Database Connectivity JDBC driver

JDBC

Relational-Database Model
Relational database
Table Record Field, column Primary key
Unique data

SQL statement
Query Record sets

Manipulating Databases with JDBC

Connect to a database Query the database Display the results of the query

Connecting to and Querying a JDBC Data Source

DisplayAuthors
Retrieves the entire authors table Displays the data in a JTextArea

Create Connection at Init()

public class SQLGatewayServlet extends HttpServlet{ private Connection connection; public void init() throws ServletException{ try{ Class.forName("org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver"); String dbURL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/murach"; String username = "root"; String password = ""; connection = DriverManager.getConnection( dbURL, username, password); }

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException{ String sqlStatement = request.getParameter("sqlStatement"); String message = "";

try{

Statement statement = connection.createStatement(); sqlStatement = sqlStatement.trim(); String sqlType = sqlStatement.substring(0, 6); if (sqlType.equalsIgnoreCase("select")){ ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sqlStatement); // create a string that contains a HTML-formatted result set message = SQLUtil.getHtmlRows(resultSet); } else { int i = statement.executeUpdate(sqlStatement); if (i == 0) // this is a DDL statement message = "The statement executed successfully."; else // this is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement message = "The statement executed successfully.<br>" + i + " row(s) affected."; } statement.close();

From JDBC Example at course web page

public void init() throws ServletException{ connectionPool = MurachPool.getInstance(); }

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException{ Connection connection = connectionPool.getConnection(); String firstName = request.getParameter("firstName"); String lastName = request.getParameter("lastName"); String emailAddress = request.getParameter("emailAddress"); User user = new User(firstName, lastName, emailAddress);

HttpSession session = request.getSession(); session.setAttribute("user", user);

String message = "";

Processing Multiple ResultSets or Update Counts

Execute the SQL statements Identify the result type
ResultSets Update counts

Obtain result
getResultSet getUpdateCount

JDBC 2.0 Optional Package javax.sql

Package javax.sql
Included with Java 2 Enterprise Edition

Interfaces in package javax.sql

DataSource ConnectionPoolDataSource PooledConnection RowSet

Connection Pooling
Database connection
Overhead in both time and resources

Connection pools
Maintain may database connections Shared between the application clients

Relational DB and SQL statements

This section is self-study section

Relational-Database Model
Numb Name er
23603 24568 Row /Rec ord 34589 35761 47132 78321 Prima ry key Jones Kerwin Larson M yers Neum ann Step he ns

Depa t rtmen
413 413 642 611 413 611 Column/ Fie ld

Sala ry
1100 2000 1800 1400 9000 8500

Loca tion
New Jersey New Jersey Los Ang ele s Orla nd o New Jersey Orla nd o

Relational-database structure of an Employee table.

Relational Database Overview: The books Database

Sample books database
Four tables
Authors, publishers, authorISBN and titles

Relationships among the tables

Relational Database Overview: The books Database

Desc rip tion Authors ID number in the database. In the books database, this integer field is defined as an autoincremented field. For each new record inserted in this table, the database automatically increments the authorID value to ensure that each record has a unique authorID. This field represents the tables primary key. firstName Authors first name (a string). lastName Authors last name (a string). Fig. 8.3 authors ta b le fro m books.
authorID 1 firstName Harvey lastName Deitel

Field authorID

2 Paul Deitel 3 Tem Nieto 4 Sean Santry Fig. 8.4 Da ta fro m the authors ta b le o f books.

Relational Database Overview: The books Database (Cont.)

De sc rip tio n The publishers ID number in the database. This autoincremented integer is the tables primary-key field. publisherName The name of the publisher (a string). Fig. 8.5 publishers ta b le fro m books. Fie ld publisherID

publisherID 1

publisherName Prentice Hall

2 Prentice Hall PTG Fig. 8.6 Da ta fro m the publishers ta b le o f books.

Relational Database Overview: The books Database (Cont.)

De sc rip tio n The authors ID number, which allows the database to associate each book with a specific author. The integer ID number in this field must also appear in the authors table. isbn The ISBN number for a book (a string). Fig. 8.7 authorISBN ta b le fro m books. Fie ld authorID

Relational Database Overview: The books Database

authorID 1 isbn 0130895725 authorID 2 isbn 0139163050 013028419x 0130161438 0130856118 0130125075 0138993947 0130852473 0130829277 0134569555 0130829293 0130284173 0130284181 0130895601 013028419x 0130161438 0130856118 0134569555 0130829293 0130284173 0130284181 0130895601 1 0132261197 2 1 0130895717 2 1 0135289106 2 1 0139163050 2 1 013028419x 2 1 0130161438 2 1 0130856118 2 1 0130125075 2 1 0138993947 2 1 0130852473 2 1 0130829277 2 1 0134569555 2 1 0130829293 3 1 0130284173 3 1 0130284181 3 1 0130895601 3 2 0130895725 3 2 0132261197 3 2 0130895717 3 2 0135289106 4 Fig. 8.8 Da ta fro m the authorISBN ta b le o f books.

Relational Database Overview: The books Database (Cont.)

Fie ld isbn title editionNumber copyright publisherID De sc rip tio n ISBN number of the book (a string). Title of the book (a string). Edition number of the book (an integer).

Copyright year of the book (a string). Publishers ID number (an integer). This value must correspond to an ID number in the publishers table. imageFile Name of the file containing the books cover image (a string). price Suggested retail price of the book (a real number). [Note: The prices shown in this book are for example purposes only.] Fig. 8.9 titles ta b le fro m books.

Relational Database Overview: The books Database (Cont.)

aut hors a ID uthor firs tName l me astNa
1

au SBN thorI a ID uthor isbn pu ers blish publi D sherI p herNa ublis me

title s isbn ti tle e nNumb ditio er copy right publi D sherI imag eFile pr ice

Fig. 8.11 Table relationships in books.

Structured Query Language (SQL)

SQL overview SQL keywords
SQL ke yw o rd SELECT De sc rip tio n Select (retrieve) fields from one or more tables. FROM Tables from which to get fields. Required in every SELECT. WHERE Criteria for selection that determine the rows to be retrieved. GROUP BY Criteria for grouping records. ORDER BY Criteria for ordering records. INSERT INTO Insert data into a specified table. UPDATE Update data in a specified table. DELETE FROM Delete data from a specified table. Fig. 8.12 SQL q ue ry ke yw o rd s.

Basic SELECT Query

Simplest format of a SELECT query
SELECT * FROM tableName
SELECT * FROM authors

Select specific fields from a table

SELECT authorID, lastName FROM authors
authorID 1 2 3 4 Fig. 8.13 lastName Deitel Deitel Nieto Santry authorID a nd lastName fro m the authors ta b le .

WHERE Clause
specify the selection criteria

SELECT fieldName1, fieldName2, FROM tableName WHERE criteria

SELECT title, editionNumber, copyright
FROM titles WHERE copyright > 1999

WHERE clause condition operators

<, >, <=, >=, =, <> LIKE
wildcard characters % and _

WHERE Clause (Cont.)

SELECT authorID, firstName, lastName
FROM authors WHERE lastName LIKE D%

authorID 1 2 Fig. 8.15

firstName Harvey

lastName Deitel

Paul Deitel Autho rs w ho se la st na m e sta rts w ith D fro m the authors ta b le .

WHERE Clause (Cont.)

SELECT authorID, firstName, lastName
FROM authors WHERE lastName LIKE _i%

authorID 3

firstName Tem

lastName Nieto

Fig. 8.16 T he o nly a utho r fro m the authors ta b le w ho se la st na m e c o nta ins i a s the se c o nd le tte r.

ORDER BY Clause
Optional ORDER BY clause
SELECT fieldName1, fieldName2, FROM tableName ORDER BY field ASC SELECT fieldName1, fieldName2, FROM tableName ORDER BY field DESC

ORDER BY multiple fields

ORDER BY field1 sortingOrder, field2 sortingOrder,

Combine the WHERE and ORDER BY clauses

ORDER BY Clause (Cont.)

SELECT authorID, firstName, lastName
FROM authors ORDER BY lastName ASC

authorID 2 1 3 4 Fig. 8.17

firstName Paul

lastName Deitel

Harvey Deitel Tem Nieto Sean Santry Autho rs fro m ta b le authors in a sc e nd ing o rd e r b y lastName.

ORDER BY Clause (Cont.)

SELECT authorID, firstName, lastName
FROM authors ORDER BY lastName DESC
authorID 4 3 2 1 Fig. 8.18 firstName Sean lastName Santry

Tem Nieto Paul Deitel Harvey Deitel Autho rs fro m ta b le authors in d e sc e nd ing o rd e r b y lastName.

ORDER BY Clause (Cont.)

SELECT authorID, firstName, lastName
FROM authors ORDER BY lastName, firstName
authorID 1 firstName Harvey lastName Deitel

2 Paul Deitel 3 Tem Nieto 4 Sean Santry Fig. 8.19 Autho rs fro m ta b le authors in a sc e nd ing o rd e r b y lastName a nd b y firstName.

ORDER BY Clause (Cont.)

SELECT isbn, title, editionNumber,
copyright, price
FROM titles WHERE title LIKE %How to Program ORDER BY title ASC
isbn 0130895601 0132261197 0130895725 0135289106 0130895717 0130161438 title edition- copyNumber right Advanced Java 2 Platform How to Program 1 2002 price 69.95

C How to Program 2 1994 49.95 C How to Program 3 2001 69.95 C++ How to Program 2 1998 49.95 C++ How to Program 3 2001 69.95 Internet and World Wide Web How to 1 2000 69.95 Program 0130284181 Perl How to Program 1 2001 69.95 0134569555 Visual Basic 6 How to Program 1 1999 69.95 0130284173 XML How to Program 1 2001 69.95 013028419x e-Business and e-Commerce How to 1 2001 69.95 Program Fig. 8.20 Bo o ks fro m ta b le titles w ho se title e nd s w ith How to Program in a sc e nd ing o rd e r b y title.

Merging Data from Multiple Tables: Joining

Join the tables
Merge data from multiple tables into a single view SELECT fieldName1, fieldName2, FROM table1, table2 WHERE table1.fieldName = table2.fieldName SELECT firstName, lastName, isbn FROM authors, authorISBN WHERE authors.authorID = authorISBN.authorID ORDER BY lastName, firstName

Merging Data from Multiple Tables: Joining (Cont.)

firstName Harvey Harvey Harvey lastName Deitel Deitel Deitel isbn 0130895601 0130284181 0134569555 firstName Harvey Harvey Paul lastName Deitel Deitel Deitel isbn 0130284173 0130829293 0130852473

Harvey Deitel 0130829277 Paul Deitel 0138993947 Harvey Deitel 0130852473 Paul Deitel 0130125075 Harvey Deitel 0138993947 Paul Deitel 0130856118 Harvey Deitel 0130125075 Paul Deitel 0130161438 Harvey Deitel 0130856118 Paul Deitel 013028419x Harvey Deitel 0130161438 Paul Deitel 0139163050 Harvey Deitel 013028419x Paul Deitel 0135289106 Harvey Deitel 0139163050 Paul Deitel 0130895717 Harvey Deitel 0135289106 Paul Deitel 0132261197 Harvey Deitel 0130895717 Paul Deitel 0130895725 Harvey Deitel 0132261197 Tem Nieto 0130284181 Harvey Deitel 0130895725 Tem Nieto 0130284173 Paul Deitel 0130895601 Tem Nieto 0130829293 Paul Deitel 0130284181 Tem Nieto 0134569555 Paul Deitel 0130284173 Tem Nieto 0130856118 Paul Deitel 0130829293 Tem Nieto 0130161438 Paul Deitel 0134569555 Tem Nieto 013028419x Paul Deitel 0130829277 Sean Santry 0130895601 Fig. 8.21 A utho rs a nd the IS BN num b e rs fo r the b o o ks the y ha ve w ritte n in a sc e nd ing o rd e r b y lastName a nd firstName.

INSERT INTO Statement

Insert a new record into a table
INSERT INTO tableName ( fieldName1, , fieldNameN ) VALUES ( value1, , valueN )
INSERT INTO authors ( firstName,
lastName )

VALUES ( Sue, Smith )

authorID 1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 8.22 firstName Harvey lastName Deitel

Paul Deitel Tem Nieto Sean Santry Sue Smith T b le Authors a fte r a n INSERT INTO o p e ra tio n to a d d a re c o rd . a

UPDATE Statement
Modify data in a table
UPDATE tableName SET fieldName1 = value1, , fieldNameN = valueN WHERE criteria
UPDATE authors
SET lastName = Jones WHERE lastName = Smith AND firstName = Sue
authorID 1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 8.23 firstName Harvey lastName Deitel

Paul Deitel Tem Nieto Sean Santry Sue Jones T b le authors a fte r a n UPDATE o p e ra tio n to c ha ng e a re c o rd . a

DELETE FROM Statement

Remove data from a table
DELETE FROM authors
WHERE lastName = Jones AND firstName = Sue
authorID 1 2 3 4 Fig. 8.24 firstName Harvey lastName Deitel

DELETE FROM tableName WHERE criteria

Paul Deitel Tem Nieto Sean Santry T b le authors a fte r a DELETE o p e ra tio n to re m o ve a re c o rd . a