SUBMITTED TO Ms.

Anupama mam

Presented By Dhandhukiya Dinesh. Bhalala Nikul Gohil Pratik Chavda Mayur

EPA, 1986 to take appropriate steps for the protection and improvement of human environment; to the protection and improvement of environment and the prevention of danger to human beings, other living creatures, plants and property; enacted by Parliament in the Thirty-seventh Year of the Republic of India.

"environment" includes water, air and land and the inter- relationship which exists among and between water, air and land, and human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organism and property, An environment, by people, of substances or energy liable to cause harm to living creatures or ecological systems.

Air Pollution
Water pollution Sound Pollution

Soil pollution

Man-made-noises-from machines automobiles, trains, planes, explosives and firecrackers, etcare more contentious. Noise is an inescapable by-product of the industrial environment, which is increasing with advances in industrialization and urbanization.

Soil pollution
As our lifestyle is changing day by day, we are using plastic more and more, By the disposal of the industrial waste the fertility of the soil will decrease this lead to the soil pollution.

Modernization and progress have lead to air getting more and more polluted over the years. The industries like thermal power plants, cement, steel, and mines are among these that emit a great deal of pollutants into the air.

Meaning of Air pollution:

Air pollution occurs when the air contains gases, dust, fumes or odor in harmful amounts. That is, amount which could be harmful to the health or comfort of humans and animals or which could cause damage to plants and materials.

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2. 3. 4. 5.

Factories, Petroleum, Power line, Pesticides, Mill & plants.

Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short-term and long-term effect. Young children and elderly people often suffer more from the effects of air pollution. People with health problems such as asthma, heart, and lung disease may also suffer more when the air is polluted.

Short-term health effects . Long- term health effects.

Prevention, control and abatement of air pollution; Maintaining the quality of air; and Establishment of boards for the prevention and control of air pollution.

In order to have an integrated approach for tackling the problems related to pollution, the Air act,1981 provides that the central and state pollution control Boards established under the water Act,1974 shall also act as Air pollution control Boards under this Act. But in those state in which state pollution control Boards for water pollution are not established, separate state Boards for Air pollution control will be established.

Sec.37, penalty for violation of Sec.21, 22 and 31 A is imprisonment for a term varying between 18 to 72 months and with fine which can be extended to an additional fine of up to Rs.5000 and imprisonment for a term varying between 24 months to 84 months in case of continued non- compliance

2. For offences specified in sec.38, the penalty is imprisonment for a period, which may extend to 3 months and/or with fine, which may extend to rs.10,000. 3. As far as violation of any other provisions of the Act is concerned, sec.39 prescribes imprisonment for a period, which may extend to 3 months and/or with fine which, may extend to rs.10,000 and with additional fine of up to rs.5,000 for every day during which such failure continues.

The central and state pollution control Board established under the water (prevention and control of pollution) Act, 1974 exercise powers in relation to air pollution as well. (A) sec.19(1), the state government, after consultation with the state pollution control Board, may: Declare any area or areas as Air pollution Control Areas by notification in the official gazette:

2.Prohibit the use of any fuel or appliance causing or likely to cause air pollution in an Air pollution control area; and 3.Prohibit burning of any material causing or likely to cause air pollution in an Air pollution control Area. (B) sec.20(2),the Boards have the power to ensure that the laid down release standards of air pollutants from automobiles are complied with.

(C)sec.21(3),no person shall, without the previous consent of the state pollution control Board, establish or operate any industrial plant in an Air pollution control Area. (D)sec.22(4),no person operating any industrial plant in any Air Pollution control area shall discharge a or cause or permit to be discharged, the release of any air pollutant in excess of the laid down standards by the state pollution control Boards.

Most of todays cleaning products are synthetic detergents and come from the petrolchemical industries. These and other chemical contained in washing powder affect the health of all forms of life in the water.

 Meaning

of water pollution

water pollution is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater caused by human activities, with can be harmful to living organisms and aquatic life.

Pestisides, Fertilizers pollutions. Oil and gasoline, Mining, Chemical and industrial process, Plastic, Sewage.

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Food chain is Damaged: when toxins are in the water, the toxins travel from the water the animals drink to humans when the animals meat is eaten.
Diseases can spread via polluted water: infection diseases such as typhoid and cholera can be contracted from drinking contaminated water. This is called microbial water pollution. The human heart and kidneys can be adversely affected if polluted water is consumed regularly.

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3. Acid Rain: It contains sulphate particles, which can harm fish or plant life in lakes and rivers. 4. Pollutants in the Water will Alter the overall Chemistry of the water: Which can cause changes in acidity, temperature, and conductivity. These factors all have an affect on the marine life. 5. Contaminated Marine Food: Marine food source are contaminated or eliminated by water pollution. 6. Water Temperature Altered: Altered water temperatures can kill the marine life and a affect the delicate ecological balance in bodies of water.

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Prevention and control of water pollution; Maintaining or restoring the wholesomeness of water; and Establishment of Central and State Boards for the prevention and control of water pollution. Conferring powers on such Boards and assigning functions to such Boards. Any other matters related with water

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Sec.20(2), the state pollution control Board may carry out surveys, take measurements or seek information for the purpose of performing functions under this Act
Sec.21(1)A, the State Government has the power to collect samples of water of any stream or well or any effluent being discharged into such a stream or well, for analysis.

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3. Sec.22(4), the SPCB has the power to obtain a report of the results of the result of the analysis by a recognized laboratory. 4. Sec.23(5), the SPBC is empowered by the State Government to enter any place for the purpose of performing any of the functions entrusted to it. 5. Sec.24(6), i. No person shall knowingly allow the entry of any matter into any stream, which may impede the proper flow of water resulting in substantial aggravation of water pollution. ii. No person shall knowingly allow the entry of any toxic, harmful or polluting matter directly or indirectly into any stream, well or sewer of on land

The penalty is imprisonment up to three months of fine up to Rs.10,000 or both. If the omission continues, the offender is penalized with an additional fine up to rs.5000 per day.

The Judiciary has come up with the judge-driven

implementation of environmental administration in India.

It has isolated specific environmental law principles upon interpretation of Indian Statutes and Constitution.

Public Interest Litigations (PILs) which is the result of the relaxation of the environmental litigation in India.

Disputes relating to environment are treated as cases related to violation of fundamental rights, rather than claims under law of torts, illegal .

It has been held that the Supreme Court and the High

Courts can be directly approached under Article 32

and Article 226 of the Constitution of India in case of

matters relating to environment.

The orders of the Supreme Court and the High Courts cover a wide range of areas including air, water, soil waste, hazardous wastes, forests, mining activities, and architectural treasures.

Policy Statements of the government, which have been used as aids by the Judges for interpreting

environmental

statutes

and

for

spelling

out

obligations of the Government.

EIA

is an assessment of the possible impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, to gather consisting of the natural social and economic aspects EIA is an exercise to be carried out before any project or major activity undertaken to ensure that it will not in any way harm the environment on a short term or long term basis. It utilize biological, physical and social sciences in analyzing the potential impacts of an action devices strategies for minimizing or preventing such impact

Purpose of EIA
According

to national environment policy act 1969, the purpose of EIA is 1) Promote effort which will prevent or eliminate damage to the environment and stimulate the health and welfare of man. 2) Enrich the understandings of the ecological system and natural resources important to the nation. EIA prevent adverse impact on environment.

Need for EIA.

EIA is require to predict problem to find ways to avoid them ad to enhance the positive effects of the purpose project,. There are two types of EIA 1) The statutory model which makes the assessment of impact compulsory under an enacted law, or a delegated legislation and 2) Administrative model under which an administration exercises its discretion (judgment) to find out whether an impact study is necessary.

Till the 1980s the developmental projects in India were implemented with very little or no environment concern, On 27th January, 1994 a notification was issued dealing with mandatory EIA. The notification requires project proponent to submit an EIA report, and environment management plan, details of the public hearing and a project report to the impact assessment agency for clearance, further review by a committee of experts in certain cases. By the amendment in the year 1997, public hearing was made compulsory before impact assessment was finalized.

1. screening

Screening is done before starting the main EIA in order to clear those projects which from past experience are not likely to cause significant environmental problem, screening could involve measuring size or location, comparing with other proposal estimating general impact.

2. preliminary assessment

One takes up this generally when the projects is not cleared after screening. This involves sufficient research review of available data and expert advice in order to identify the key impacts of the project on the local environment, predict the extent of the impacts and briefly evaluate their importance to decision maker.

3. formation of EIA team

In case, after reviewing the preliminary assessment there is a need for full assessment an EIA team has to be formed. This requires commissioning and briefing an independent coordinate and expert study team, identifying the key decision makers who will plan, finance, permit and control the proposed project filling out about the various laws that would affect these decision and determining how the finding would be communicated

4. scoping.
After forming the EIA team one needs to determine the scope of the assessment so that all the important areas are covered adequately in order to prepare a comprehensive report.

5. Main EIA
Once the scope of EIA assessment has been agreed upon the next step is to conduct the main EIA which deals with the answering of 5 main question. What will happen as a result of project. What will be the extent of changes. Do the change matter? What can be done about them And how can be decision makers be informed of what can be done.

6. Identification This step deals with answering of the first question, it involves looking the key impacts the project details 7. prediction. This step deal with answering of the second question i.e. what will be the extent of changes? It deal with predicting the effects of the project in the short run as well as long run.

8. Evaluation This step answer the third question by evaluating the result of the changes predicted in the previous step.
9. Mitigation. (improvement) In this phase the study team formally analyses mitigation. A wide range of measures are proposed to prevent reduce adverse impact.

10. Documentation This step answer the 5th question how can the decision makers be informed of what be done? It deals with formation of the EIA report that contain an executive summary of the EIA finding, a general idea of the proposed projects the major environment issues that need clarification impact of the project the option available to avoid adverse impacts on environment etc.