ECM 735 CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT

COST SAVING IN IMPLEMENTING CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

The construction industry has a major impact on the environment, both in term of the resources it consumes and the waste it produces. Waste minimization: reducing the amount and environmental impact of waste generated as well as reducing pollution. Provide education to make sure every persons is familiar with the waste management program.

IMPACT OF WASTE

Cost for waste disposal are vary depending on volume of waste and disposal fees. Others considerations that may affect the project programme as well as the budget:

1. The purchase price of the materials that are being wasted, 2. The cost of storage, transport and disposal of waste, 3. The cost of the time spent managing and handling the waste, 4. The loss of income from not salvaging waste material.

REDUCING COST

Reducing waste costs can occur through a variety of methods. These include waste segregation, source reduction, reuse and recycling. The potential large savings can be made by incorporating best practice in waste management. Reclaimed materials and products from recycle material are likely to cause less environmental damage and reduce the quantity of waste sent to landfill.

By using implementation of good waste management plan, the following can be achieved: 1. Save energy 2. Reduce landfill 3. Reduce transport distances 4. Conserve natural resources 5. Reduce pollution 6. Stimulate recycling schemes

COST SAVING
Cost saving can be produced by reducing the amount of waste on site. Source will reduction such as :

1) Decreases disposal costs 2) Lowers labor costs because less materials must be handled and cut 3) Reduces expenditures for materials because less is wasted.

PRINCIPLES OF COST SAVING

Based on two principles:

How to manage waste efficiently

How to avoid creating waste in the first place.

TYPES OF COST SAVING

Cost savings by reusing and recycling of construction waste materials Cost saving by waste collection and transportation Cost savings from landfill charge

CONSIDER PROJECT COST AND SAVING

Compare the costs of reusing materials and salvaged items to purchasing new
Compare costs to reuse materials and salvaged items (transportation, reconfiguration of equipment, storage, etc.) on-site What is the functional or aesthetic value of having reused material on-site? What are the marketing and public relations benefits to reuse and salvage?

CASE STUDY OF AN ONGOING PROJECT

Cadangan Membina Dan Menyiapkan Kampus Utama Kolej Pertanian Malaysia (KPM), Bukit Tangga, Mukim Temin, Daerah Kubang Pasu, Kedah Darul Aman

Located at Bukit Tangga, Daerah Kubang Pasu Kedah. Approximately 5 KM from Bukit Kayu Hitam

Complex Constructed in 350 hectares of land, where development area about 75 hectares.

Project Brief

Full Capacity of students when fully operated will be 5000 students

Operating as higher learning institute for agricultures. Consist of Various Faculties, Administrative Blocks, Library, Mosque, Hostels, Quarters and etc

Formwork used 189,019 m2.

Concrete used 63,836 m3.

Construction Brief
BRC used 75,872 m2.

Reinforcement used 6,878 tons.

ESTIMATED SAVING FROM RESALE SCRAPE MATERIALS

MATERIALS Quantity 3 Times Usage Conversion Conversion Unit Density 625kg/1000kg Final Conversion in tons Final Quantity Final Unit Material Price 63836 m3 MYR 190.00 Based on Grd 30 Total Materials Price Costing Wastage Costing Wastage Quantity Costing Wastage Amount Assume Wastage Recovery Costing Wastage Quantity Recovery Rates for Recycle Raw Materials Costing Wastage Amount 6878 tons MYR 2,100.00 Based on T16 - T32 75872 m2 MYR 10.00 Based on BRC A8 MYR 758,720.00 3% 2276.16 MYR 22,761.60 75% 1707.12 MYR 5.00 MYR 8,535.60 Concrete (m3) 63836 Reinforcement (tons) 6878 BRC (m2) 75872 Formwork (m2) 189019 63006.33 kg/m2 32 2016202.667 625 3225.92 3225.92 ton MYR 850.00 Based on Mixed H/Wood MYR 2,742,035.63 3% 96.777728 MYR 82,261.07 50% 48.388864 MYR 100.00 MYR 4,838.89 MYR 1,191,077.87 MYR 30,073,395.63

MYR 12,128,840.00 MYR 14,443,800.00 3% 1915.08 MYR 363,865.20 90% 1723.572 MYR 0.00 MYR 0.00 5% 343.9 MYR 722,190.00 75% 257.925 MYR 800.00 MYR 206,340.00

MYR 219,714.49

ESTIMATED SAVING FROM REUSABLE MATERIALS

MATERIALS Wastage Quantity Concrete (m3) 1723.572 Reinforcement (tons) BRC (m2) Formwork (m2)

Reusable as 350mm Road base Reusable Materials Unit Rates for Reuse Raw Materials Costing Wastage Amount

603.2502 m2 18 MYR 10,858.50

MYR 10,858.50

ESTIMATED SAVING FROM TRANSPORTING AND DUMPING OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE Reinforcement MATERIALS Concrete (m3) (tons) BRC (m2) Formwork (m2)
Quantity 3 Times Usage Conversion Conversion Unit Density kg/m3 Final Conversion in tons Final Quantity Final Unit Costing Wastage Wastage Quantity Assume Wastage Recovery 63836 6878 75872 189019 63006.33 kg/m2 32 2016202.667 625 3225.92 3225.92 ton 3% 96.777728 50%

kg/m2 3.95
2430 155121.48 155121.48 tons 3% 4653.6444 90% 6878 tons 5% 343.9 75%

299694.4 299.6944 tons 3% 8.990832 75%

Wastage Quantity Recovery

Cost Transportation to dump site /tons Costing Wastage Transport Amount Cost of Dump site / tons Costing Wastage Transport Amount

4188.27996
MYR 70.00 MYR 293,179.60 MYR 15.00 MYR 62,824.20

257.925
MYR 70.00 MYR 18,054.75 MYR 15.00 MYR 3,868.88

6.743124
MYR 70.00 MYR 472.02 MYR 15.00 MYR 101.15

48.388864
MYR 70.00 MYR 3,387.22 MYR 15.00 MYR 725.83 MYR 315,093.59

MYR 67,520.05

Total Saving for transporting and dumping of construction waste

MYR 382,613.64

Therefore Total Benefit TB = Ssm + Srm + Std + ITb

TB Total Benefit Ssm Saving from scrap materials Srm Saving from recycle materials Std Saving from transportation and dump site cost Itb Intangible benefits

TB = MYR 219,714.49 + MYR 10, 858.50 + MYR 382,613.64 + ITb = MYR 613,186.63 + ITb

ESTIMATED QUANTITY OR COLLECTION AND SEPERATION OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE Reinforcemen Formwork MATERIALS Concrete (m3) t (tons) BRC (m2) (m2)
Quantity 3 Times Usage Conversion Conversion Unit kg/m2 3.95 63836 6878 75872 189019 63006.33 kg/m2 32

2016202.667
Density kg/m3 2430 625

Final Conversion in tons

155121.48

299694.4

3225.92

Final Quantity Final Unit Estimated Wastage Estimated Wastage Quantity

155121.48 tons 3% 4653.6444

6878 tons 5% 343.9

299.6944 tons 3% 8.990832

3225.92 ton 3% 96.777728 5103.31296

ESTIMATED COST OR COLLECTION , SEPERATION, TRANSPORT, STORING AND CRUSHING OF CONCRETE FOR CONSTRUCTION WASTE
Construction Period; Wastage / Month: Collection Frequancy 18 Months 283.5173867 tons 4 time/mothh 70.88 Capacity of Dumping Bucket 6 tons: Therefore Dumping Bucket required: Approximate Qty: Therefore Dumping Bucket rental = (Ceq) = Tons

11.81322444 Nos 12 Nos 12nos x MYR 350.00/month x 18 months MYR 75,600.00

Therefore Transportation Cost within site (Cts)

= =

5,103tons x MYR 15.00/ton MYR 76,545.00

Therefore Storage Cost within site = (Cstg) =

5,103tons x MYR 10.00/ton MYR 51,030.00

Therefore Concrete Crushing (Ccc)

= =

4,654 tons x MYR 10.00/ton MYR 46,530.00

Therefore Total Cost TC = Ceq + Cts + Cstg + Ccc + Itc

TC Total Cost Ssm Saving from scrap materials Srm Saving from recycle materials Std Saving from transportation and dump site cost Itb Intangible benefits

TB = MYR 75,600.00 + MYR 76,545.00 + MYR 51,030.00 + 46,530.00 + ITc = MYR 249,705.00 + ITb

Therefore Nett Benefit NB = TB TC

NB Nett Benefit TB Total Benefit TC Total Cost

NB = MYR 613,186.63 MYR 249,705.00 = MYR 363,481.63

A further saving of 30.51% out of total estimated wastage of RM 1,191,077.87 for three major structure materials. Whereby the original wastage are reduced from 3.69% to 2.75%.

Conclusions

Cost Reductions

Increased Productivity

Optimizing Resources