1

Agenda

Introduction

GPRS/EGPRS

GPRS
A feature that makes it possible to send packet data over the GSM network GPRS uses two different coding schemes, CS1&2

CS3&4
A new feature should be supported and implemented in BSC ands BTS CS3&4 are only supported in downlink

Coding Schemes

Coding

Info.bits

Max. data rate per TS (kbps) 8.0

C/I (dB) ~6

CS 1 CS 2 CS 3 CS 4

160

240 288

12.0 14.4

~9 ~12

400

20.0

~17

GSM and GPRS

Technology which permits mobile data communication using packet switching techniques GSM allows circuit switched (CS) data transfer
Data transfer on a dedicated channel (connection oriented) Connection setup procedure needed as in modem Subscriber charged according to time of connection TS is held for duration of connection - waste of resources

GPRS designed as an extension to digital cellular networks

Connectionless packet switched (PS) data service Standardized by ETSI Radio resources shared between CS and PS data New terminals are required
7

GPRS Ciphering

GSM Ciphering:
Between BTS & MS Just for voice

GPRS Ciphering:
Between SGSN & MS For signaling & user data because of no separated link for signaling and user data on Abis
8

What is EDGE ?
EDGE is the next step in the evolution of GPRS. EDGE is a method to increase the data rates on the radio link for GSM The main advantage of EDGE is that it will offer higher data rates without fundamentally changing the hardware infrastructure
Uses 8-PSK modulation in good conditions Increase throughput by 3x (8-PSK 3 bits/symbol vs GMSK 1 bit/symbol)

Fall back to GMSK modulation when far from the base station

New handsets / terminal equipment; additional hardware in the BTS Core network and the rest remains the same
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) frame structure 200kHz carrier bandwidth allows cell plans to remain

EDGE as Capacity Multiplier

voice

voice

voice

voice

voice

GPRS

GPRS

GPRS

Standard GSM Transceiver

voice

voice

voice

voice

voice

Free TS

Free TS

EDGE

EDGE Transceiver

Increased Capacity
10

EDGE is based on GPRS

Internet

GPRS

MS

SGSN SGSN 64 EDAP

GGSN

EDGE TRU

BTS

BSC/PCU

EDGE

MS

New Modulation

GPRS = EDGE

11

(E)GPRS Basic Technical Parameters

GPRS Modulation Symbol rate Modulation bit rate Radio data rate per time slot User data rate per time slot User data rate (8 time slots) Radio data rate (8 TSs) GMSK 270 ksym/s 270 kb/s 22.8 kb/s 20kb/s (CS4) 160kb/s (182.4kb/s)

EDGE 8-PSK / GMSK 270 ksym/s 810 kb/s 69.2 kb/s 59,2 kb/s (MCS9) 473,6kb/s (553.6kb/s)

12

EDGE modulation technique

13

Standardized Improvement: EGPRS Coding Schemes

kbps 60 54.4 50 59.2

40 44.8 30 20.0 14.4 12.0 10 0 CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4 8.0 8.8 MCS1 MCS2 MCS3 MCS4 MCS5 MCS6 MCS7 MCS8 MCS9 11.2 14.8 17.6 22.4 29.6

20

GPRS GMSK modulation

EGPRS 8PSK modulation

14

Standardized Improvement: Packet Transmission

GPRS

EGPRS

Re-transmission with another CS not possible

Re-transmission with another MCS possible

15

Standardized Improvement: EGPRS Coding Schemes

Channel Coding Schemes Throughput / TS Family

MCS1 MCS2 MCS3 MCS4 MCS5 MCS6 MCS7 MCS8 MCS9

8.8 11.2 14.8 17.6 22.4 29.6 44.8 54.4 59.2

C B A C B
8PSK GMSK

A B A A

16

Payload Format
MCS-3 Fa mily A 37 octets 37 octets MCS-6 MCS-9 MCS-3 34+3 octets Fa mily A padding 34+3 octets 37 octets 37 octets

MCS-6 34 octets 34 octets 34 octets 34 octets

MCS-8

MCS-2 Fa mily B 28 octets 28 octets MCS-5 MCS-7 MCS-1 Fa mily C 22 octets 22 octets 28 octets 28 octets

MCS-4

17

MS classes of operation

Class A mode of operation allows an MS to have a circuit switched connection at the same time as it is involved in a packet transfer.

Class B mode of operation allows a MS to be attached to both circuit switched and packet switched connections, but it can not use both services at the same time. However, MS that is involved in a packet transfer can receive a page for circuit switched traffic. The MS can then suspend the packet transfer for the duration of the circuit switched connection and afterwards resume the packet transfer. This requires the Gs interface between the MSC and SGSN to be present.

Class C mode of operation allows an MS only to be attached to one service at a time. An MS that only supports GPRS and not circuit switched traffic will always work in class C mode of operation.

18

Network operation modes (1)

Network operation mode I: The network uses combined procedures. The MS needs only to monitor one common control channel, the CS common control channel or the PS common control channel.This mode requires the optional Gs interface between MSC and SGSN.

Network operation mode II: The network does not use combined procedures. All common control signaling, both for CS and PS connections, is performed over the CS common control channel. The Gs interface should not be present.

Network operation mode III: The network does not use combined procedures. All common control signaling for PS connections is performed over the PS common control channel, and all common control signaling for CS connections is performed over the CS common control channel. This require a class A or B MS to listen on two common control channels. The Gs interface should not be present.

19

GPRS Network Structure

20

GPRS

How to upgrade a GSM network to GPRS? 1. For the BSS software upgrade hardware upgrade (PCU) 2. New GPRS support nodes (SGSN GGSN)

21

GPRS: General Packet Radio Service

Circuit Switched
Um Abis

SCP BSC & PCU

A PSTN

TDM

BTS SIM FR HLR AUC

Packet Switched Core

Gb

IP
Gn Gi

Internet Corporate

22

GPRS Structure

23

Packet Control Unit

PCU : is responsible for the GPRS/EGPRS radio resource management in BSS
Radio interface Handling the Medium Access Control (MAC) Handling Radio Link Control (RLC) layers Gb interface Handling the BSS GPRS Protocol (BSSGP) Handling Network Service (NS) layers

24

Functions of SGSN?
The SGSN is the MSC of the GPRS network
At least one SGSN per GPRS network SGSN has the following functions: Protocol conversion between IP backbone and BSS protocols Authentication of GPRS users Mobility management of GPRS enabled MS Routing of data to the relevant GGSN Interaction with the NSS (MSC/VLR, HLR, EIR) via SS7 network Collection of charging data records pertaining to GPRS calls Collection of traffic statistics

25

Functions of GGSN?
GGSN acts as a router to the external network GGSN has the following functions:
Routes mobile-destined packets coming from external networks to the relevant SGSN Routes packets originating from a mobile to the correct external Network Interfaces to external IP networks Collects charging data and traffic statistics Allocates dynamic or static IP addresses to mobiles either by itself or with the help of a DHCP or a RADIUS server
26

Border Gateway (BG)

Necessary to interconnect operators' GPRS backbone networks to support roaming Provides a direct tunnel between different operators' GPRS networks (rather than transferring via the public Internet) Roaming is not supported in GPRS Release 1
HPLMN SGSN
MMS Center

BG

PLMN BG

PLMN GGSN
WAP

27

Charging Gateway (CG)

GPRS charging data records (CDR) are generated by SGSNs and GGSNs in the network SGSN and GGSN transfer CDR using GTP The Charging Gateway
collects all this data together processes it passes it on to the Billing System

28

Lawful Interception Gateway (LIG)

Lawful interception is an action based on the law, which is performed by the GPRS network It provides information for a Law Enforcement Agency (LEA) about some pre-defined target subscriber Information could include :
data sent and received by the interception target location information subscriber information etc.

29