4.

Teori Motivasi : Content Theories

Perilaku Organisasi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung 2004

Tujuan Pengajaran
n Pengertian

dan Model Motivasi n Teori hirarki kebutuhan Maslow n Teori dua faktor Frederick Herzberg n Teori kebutuhan McClelland n Alderfers ERG theory

Pengertian dan Model Motivasi

Pengertian
The willing to exert high levels of effort toward organization goals, conditioned by effort to satisfy some individual need

Model Motivasi
vTeori hirarki kebutuhan Maslow vTeori dua faktor Frederick Herzberg vTeori kebutuhan McClelland vAlderfers ERG theory

Source : Stephen P. Robbins

The Motivational Process : An Initial Model

I Need deficiencies I want to perform well to earn the promotion.

VI Need deficiencies reassessed by the employee I still want the promotion. Ive got to try another approach.

The Employe e

II Search for ways satisfy needs I need to show the manager that I want the promotion work on tough assignments, work extra hours, help coworker.

V Rewards of punishments Received recognition award; granted the opportunity to attend training program.

IV Performance (evaluation of goal accomplished) Highest ratings on quantity, quality and cost containment.

III Goal directed behavior The Promotion.

Teori hirarki kebutuhan Maslow

That peoples needs depend on what they already have. In a sense, then, a satisfied needs isnt a motivator. Human needs, organized in a hierarchy of importance, are physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self actualization

Source : Gibson

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

Self actualization Esteem Social / Belongingness Safety Physiological

Source : Stephen P. Robbins

TEORI DUA FAKTOR FREDERICK HERZBERG

View that job satisfaction results from the presence of intrinsic motivators and that job dissatisfaction stems from not having extrinsic factors

Source : Gibson

Traditional and Herzberg Views of Satisfaction-Dissatifaction

I. Traditional High job dissatisfaction II. Herzbergs two-factor view Low job satisfaction Low job dissatisfaction
Source : Gibson

High job satisfaction

High job satisfaction (motivator) High job satisfaction (hygiene)

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Teori Kebutuhan McClelland

Learned Needs Theory
Theory that proposes that a person with a strong need will be motivated to use appropriate behaviors to satisfy the need. A persons needs are learned from the culture of a society

Thematis Apperception Test (TAT)

Projective test that uses a persons analysis of picture to evaluate such individual differences as need for achivement, need for power, and need for affiliation

Source : Gibson

The theory focus on three needs

1. Need for achievement
The drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, to strive to succeed

2.

Need for power

The need to make others behave in a way that they wouldnt have behaved otherwise

3.

Need for affiliation

The desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships
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Alderfers ERG theory

Theory developed and tested by Alderfer that categorized needs as existence, related-ness and growth

Existence; needs satisfied by such as food, air, water, pay and working conditions

Related-ness; needs satisfied by meaningful social and interpersonal relationship Growth; needs satisfied by an individual making creative or productive contributions

Source : Gibson

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ERG Theory Relationships among Frustration, Importance and Satisfaction of Needs

Frustration of growth needs Importance of growth needs Satisfaction of growth needs

Frustration of relatedness needs

Importance of relatedness needs

Satisfaction of relatedness needs

Frustration of existence needs

Importance of existence needs

Satisfaction of existence needs

Source : Gibson

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A graphic Comparison of Four Content Theories of Motivation

Maslow (need hierarchy) Self-actualization
Higher Esteem order needs Motivators

Herzberg (two factor theory) The work itself - Responsibility -Advancement -Growth Achievement Recognition Quality of interpersonal relations among peers, with supervisor, with subordinates

Alderfer

Mc Clelland Need for achievement

Growth

Belongingness, social and love Physiological

Relatedness

Need for power

Basic needs

Hygiens Job security conditions

Working conditions Salary

Existence

Need for affiliation

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