Human Resource Management

Introduction to HRM

Topics to be covered
We will cover the following:
Introduction to Management Organization Introduction to HRM Evolution & History of HRM Objective of HRM Important terminology
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Introduction to Management
Management is the process of designing and

maintaining an environment in which individuals working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims. Management can be defined as ensuring an organization makes the most effective and efficient use of resources in order to achieve agreed objectives. The process of getting things done, effectively and efficiently, through and with other people
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 Organization

Organization

A systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose; applies to all organizationsfor-profit as well as not-for-profit organizations. Where managers work (manage). Common Characteristics of Organizations

Management Activities
Planning
Defining goals and establishing action plans

Organizing
Determining what needs to be done, in what order, and by whom

Effective Management
Controlling
Monitoring activities to ensure that they are achieving results

Leading
Guiding and motivating all involved parties

Models of Management
Plannin g Select goals and ways to attain them Resource s Human
Financial Raw Materials Technological Information

Controllin Monitorg activities and make corrections Leadin g Use influence to motivate employees

Organizing Assign responsibility for task accomplishment

Performanc e Attain goals

Products Services Efficiency Effectiveness

Management Levels (typical)

SOURCE: Adapted from Thomas V. Bonoma and Joseph C. Lawler, Chutes and Ladders: Growing the General Manager, Sloan Management Review (Spring 1989), 27-37

Fundamental Management Skills

Technical Skills necessary to accomplish or understand the specific kind of work being done in an organization. Interpersonal The ability to communicate with, understand, and motivate both individuals and groups. Conceptual The managers ability to think in the abstract. Diagnostic The managers ability to visualize the most appropriate response to a situation.

Fundamental Management Skills (contd)

Communication The managers abilities both to convey ideas and information effectively to others and to receive ideas and information effectively from others. Decision-Making The managers ability to recognize and define problems and opportunities correctly and then to select an appropriate course of action to solve the problems and capitalize on opportunities. Time-Management The managers ability to prioritize work, to work efficiently, and to delegate appropriately.
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A Definition of Personnel Management

Managing personnel is the process of making sure the employees (not the customers) are as productive as they can be. This can include hiring, firing, or transferring people to/from jobs they can do most productively.

A Definition of HRM?
Human resource management is a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce, using an array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques (Storey J., Human Resource Management)

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Human Resource Management

Human represents the dimension of HRM which relates to the soft aspects such as commitment of employees through participation and the most important assets being the employees. Resource represents the hard aspects such as the strategy link of HRM and the importance of efficient utilization of employees. Management represents the role of HRM as part of management that implies that its not only an administrative function that carries out the formulated policies but also a managerial function that contributes to strategy formulation.

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History and Evolution of HR

Key principles and practices associated with HRM

date back to the beginning of mankind. Mechanisms were developed for the selection of tribal leaders, for example. More advanced HRM functions were developed as early as 1000 and 2000 B.C. Employee screening tests have been traced back to 1115 B.C. in China, for instance. The terminology used to describe the role and function of workers has evolved from "personnel" to "industrial relations" to "employee relations" to "human resources."

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History and Evolution of HR

The need for an organized form of HRM

emerged during the industrial revolution, as the manufacturing process evolved from a cottage system to factory production. As the United States shifted from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy, companies were forced to develop and implement effective ways of recruiting and keeping skilled workers.
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History and Evolution of HR

There were two other particularly important

contributing factors to the origination of modern HRM during 1880s to 1940s . The first was the industrial welfare movement, which represented a shift in the way that managers viewed employeesfrom nonhuman resources to human beings. The second factor was Frederick W. Taylor's (1856-1915)Scientific Management, a landmark book that outlined management methods for attaining greater productivity from low-level production workers.

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History and Evolution of HR

In the 1960s and 1970s the federal government

furthered the HRM movement with a battery of regulations created to enforce fair treatment of workers, such as the Equal Pay Act of 1963, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) Furthermore, during the 1970s, HRM gained status as a recognized profession with the advent of human resource programs in colleges

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History and Evolution of HR

The whole evolutionary activities and concept

of HR recently help to shift the orientations: such as changes from personnel to human resources, from administration to management, and from human relations to organizational effectiveness so now HR has aligned with Senior Management. HR also now has more input on business strategies - training, safety, globalization, etc
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Evolution of HR in the Subcontinent (Specially in India)

Period 19201930 19401960 19701980 19902000 2000Developme Outlook nt Status Beginning Struggling for recognition Achieving sophisticati on Promising Emphasis Status Clerical
Administrative

Pragmatism Statutory, welfare, of Capitalists paternalism Technical, legalistic Introduction of techniques

Professional, Regulatory, Managerial legalistic and conforming, imposition of standards on other impersonal
functions Philosophical Human Values, Productivity through people

Executive

Professional Dynamism

Business Partner and Strategic change agent