PRESENTATION ON HIGH ENERGY DENSITY BATTERIES BY NDULUE GOGO CNINEDU 20061500373 EEE(PSE)

HIGH ENERGY DENSITY BATTERIES

CONVENTIONAL BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES

SUPERVISED BY ENGR. ONOJO O. J.

June 2011

INTRODUCTION 1800 - First real battery was invented by Alessandro Volta (his name is where we get the term volt). ADVANCES IN BATTERY TECHNOLOGY
1830 - John Daniell, who made some major improvements on Voltas battery; 1859 - Gaston Plante, who invented the lead-acid battery, which is still used in automobiles; 1866 - Geroges Leclanche, patented the first wet cell battery; these were widely used in telegraph equipment; and 1888 - Carl Gassner, widely recognized as the inventor of the dry cell battery.

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The types and number of applications requiring improved or advanced batteries are constantly expanding.Thus, a need exists for both conventional battery technology with improved performance and advanced battery technologies with characteristics such as high energy and power densities, long life, low cost, little or no maintenance, and a high degree of safety.

OPERATION OF BATTERIES
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A battery is a device that converts the chemical energy contained in its active materials directly into electric energy by means of an electrochemical oxidationreduction (redox)reaction.

DISCHARGE
The operation of a cell during discharge is as shown schematically below. When the cell is connected to an external load, electrons flow from the anode, which is oxidized, through the external load to the cathode, where the electrons are accepted and the cathode material is reduced.The electric circuit is completed in the electrolyte by the flow of anions (negative ions) and cations (positive ions) to the anode and cathode, respectively.

BATTERY OPERATION CONTD

CHARGE
During the recharge of a rechargeable or storage cell, the current flow is reversed and oxidation takes place at the positive electrode and reduction at the negative electrode, as shown below. As the anode is, by definition, the electrode at which oxidation occurs and the cathode the one where reduction takes place, the positive electrode is now the anode and the negative the cathode.

HIGH ENERGY DENSITY BATTERY TECNOLOGIES

ZEBRA BATTERY (Na/NiCl2) y SODIUM SULPHIDE BATTERY (NaS) y LITHIUMPOLYMER BATTERY y FUEL CELLS y ZN-HALOGEN AND REDOX BATTERIES
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APPLICATIONS OF HIGH ENERGY DENSITY BATTERIES.

The applications of batteries can be divided into the following: y Domestic applications. y Medical applications. y Applications to telecommunications. y Applications in power transmission and distribution. y Application to the automotive industry. y Applications to the military

CONCLUSION
So, what does the future hold in store?
With the head ways being made in energy storage technologies (high energy density batteries), in the visible future there would be:
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widespread application of the Electronic Vehicle (EV), longer lasting batteries for computer and communication devices, more probes into space and cheaper and more reliable satellite deploy, advances in solar and wind energy storage systems.