Summary of Relay Trip Circuit Design

Relay Trip Circuit Design

 Special

Publication of the IEEE PSRC  Written by a WG of the Substation Equipment Protection Subcommittee  Summary Paper in the conference Proceedings  Full document available for downloading from the PSRC web site  URL is given in the Summary Paper

Purpose
 Document

and share information about electric utility practice in the design of

relay trip circuits associated control and protective functions

 Provide

training and reference information for new relay engineers

Subject Areas
 Substation  Relays  Relays

Dc Systems

Tripping a Single Breaker Tripping more than one Breaker Failure Relaying Initiation Tripping

 Breaker  Transfer

Subject Areas, cont.

 Pole  Trip

Disagreement Tripping Circuit Monitoring and Supervision Initiation and Cancellation

 Reclosing  Trip

Circuit Apparatus and References

 Bibliography  Appendix:

Target Test Results

Substation DC Systems

 DC

systems overview

one feeder per breaker vs. tapped feeders relay feeders redundancy

Feeder per Breaker Dc System

+ 5 A UX + 5 A UX + 5 A UX

PR

PR

PR

A+ : C B: A UX : PR: TC: 5 2 a:

C B A U X ILIA RY POW ER C IRCU IT BREA K ER RELA Y A U X ILIA R Y PW R. PRO T EC T IV E RELA Y T RIP C ON T A C T C B T R IP C O IL C B A U X ILIA RY SW IT C H

52a
A+
L IN E 1 C B1

52a
A+
L IN E 2 CB 2

52a
A+

TC

TC

TC

LIN E 3 CB 3

Feeder-per-CB with Relay Feeder

Other PR s

+ AUX-

94 PR 94 PR
A+ : CB: A UX: PR: TC: CB AUXILIA RY POWER CIRCUIT BREA KER RELAY AUX ILIARY POWER

52a
PROTECTIVE RELA Y TRIP CONTACT CB TRIP COIL

52a A+ TC LINE 1 CB2

A+ TC LINE 1 CB1

52 a: CB AUXILIA RY SWITCH 94 /PR: PROTECTIVE/A UXILIARY TRIPPING RELAY

Tapped Feeder Dc System

+ 5 A UX

PR

+ 5 A UX

PR

+ 5 A UX

PR

A+ : CB AUXILIARY POWER CB: CIRCUIT BREAKER AUX: RELAY AUXILIARY POWER PR: PROTECTIVE RELAY TRIP CONTACT TC: CB TRIP COIL 52 a: CB AUXILIARY SWITCH

52 a
A+ A+

52 a TC
LINE 2 CB 2 A+ LINE 3 CB 3

52 a TC

TC
LINE 1 CB 1

Tapped CB Feeder w/Relay Bus

-A UX +

+ 5 A UX

94 PR

+ 5 A UX

94 PR

A+ : CB: AUX : PR: TC:

CB AUXILIARY POWER CIRCU IT BREAKER RELAY AUX ILIARY POW ER PROTECTIVE RELAY CB TRIP COIL

52a
A+ A+

52a TC
LINE 1 CB 2

TC
52a: CB AUXILIARY SWITCH 94/ PR: PROTECTIVE/AUX ILIARY TRIPPING RELAY

LINE 1 CB 1

Redundancy - Single Breaker

PR IMAR R S Y LY LIN NO 1 E . TR C NO. 1 IP KT. BKR NO. 1 C LOSEC KT BKR N 1 O. PR IMAR R S Y LY LIN NO 2 E . TR C NO. 1 IP KT. BKR N 2 O.

C LOSEC KT BKR N 2 O.

BAC KUPRLY S LIN NO 1 E . TR C NO. 2 IP KT. BKR NO. 1

BAC KUPRLY S LIN NO 2 E . TR C NO. 2 IP KT. BKR N 2 O.

BR EAKE F UR R AIL E LIN NO E .1

BR EAKE FAIL E R UR LIN NO E .2

Redundancy - Double Breakers

P IMAR R LAYS R Y E LIN N 1 E O. P IMAR R LAYS R Y E LIN N 2 E O.

BAC PR LAY KU E S LIN N 1 E O.

BAC PR LAY KU E S LIN N 2 E O.

TR C IP KT. NO 1 . BKR N . 1 O

C SECKT LO BKRN O.1

TR C NO IP KT. .1 BKR N . 2 O

C SECKT LO BKRN 2 O.

TR C N . 2 IP KT. O BKR N . 1 O

TR C . N .2 IP KT O BKR N . 2 O

BR AKE F R E R AILU E LIN N 1 E O.

BR AKE F R E R AILU E LIN N 2 E O.

Substation DC Systems
 Trip

circuit routing

radial versus loop dc

 DC

fault currents and coordination

Radial Dc

PR

PR

PR

CB AUXILIARY POWER CIRCUIT BREAKER. PROTECTIVE RELAY TRIP CONTACT TC: CB TRIP COIL 52a: CB AUXILIARY SWITCH

A+ : CB: PR:

52a
A+
LINE 1 CB1

52a
A+ A+

52a TC
LINE 3 CB 3

TC
LINE 2 CB 2

TC

NOTE: DC PROTECTI VE DEVICES (FUSE OR CBS) NOT SHOWN

Loop Dc

PR

PR

PR

52 a TC
A+ A+ : C AU IAR P E B XIL Y OW R C C CU BR AKE . B: IR IT E R PR PR TE TIVER LAY : O C E TR C NTAC IP O T TC C TR C IL : B IP O 52a: C AU IAR S ITC B XIL Y W H LINE 1 CB1 LINE 2 CB 2 A+

52 a TC
A+

52 a TC

LINE 3 CB 3

NOTE: DC PROTECTIVE DEVICES (FUSE OR CBS) NOT SHOWN

Single Breaker Tripping

 Direct

Trip Trip

 Indirect

Diodes Auxiliary relays

 Dual

breaker trip coils

Direct Trip - Single Breaker

(+ ) TSI 01 T SI PR-1 PR-2 R

52b 52a

TC -1

(-)

Direct Trip - 1 CB - Trip Diode

(+ ) TSI G 01 T 52b 52a 2 Z2
2 Z2

TSI SI PR -2

86 BF

SI

PR -1

TC -1

62X

(-)

Dual Trip Coils - Single CB

01 T

86 BF

62 Y

PR-1

86 BF R

62X

SR -1

52 b 52 a TC-1

52a
52a
62 X

TC-2

62 Y

Multiple Breaker Tripping

 Diodes

versus Auxiliary Relays of Diodes in Control Circuits of Auxiliary Relays

 Application  Application  Targeting  Trip

with Auxiliary Relays

Testing and Trip Test Switches

Trip two CBs with Diodes

SWITCHBOARD (+ ) BREAKER 52-2 (+ )

SI PR SI RDS

BREAKER 52-1 (+ )

01 T

01 T

TTS 52a
TC
BREAKER 52-2 (-)

TTS 52a
TC
BREAKER 52-1 (-)

Trip two CBs with Aux. Relay

SWITCHBOA RD (+ ) BREAKER 52-2 (+ )

SI PR SI RDS

BREA KER 52-1 (+ )

01 T R

94 TTS

94 TTS

01 T R

52-2 a

94

52-1 a

TC
BREAKER 52-2 (-)

52-2 a
SWITCHBOA RD (-)

52-1 a

TC

BREAKER 52-1 (-)

Breaker Failure Relay Initiation

 Separation

of Relay Circuits and Breaker Trip Circuits Breaker Failure Initiation

 Maintaining  BFI

Auxiliary Relays Auxiliary Switches

 Breaker

Transfer Tripping
 Transmitter  Receiver  Direct

Keying

Output Circuits

Transfer Tripping Overreach Transfer Tripping

 Permissive  52b

Switch Keying

Direct Transfer Trip

Permissive Overreaching TT

Pole Disagreement Tripping

 Independent

pole tripping detection

 Disagreement  Redundant

dc supplies

Pole Disagreement Tripping

Trip Circuit Monitoring

 Trip  Red

circuit failure areas light monitoring relays

 Monitoring  Auxiliary  Sneak

relay circuit monitoring

circuits caused by monitoring

Red Light Trip Circuit Monitor

G 94 R

52b

52a

TRIP COIL

Reclose Initiation and Cancellation

 Function  Means  Pulse

of RI and RC signals

of deriving RI and RC from trips

duration considerations

Reclose Initiation - Shunt

79X

Reclose Initiation - Series

Trip Circuit Apparatus

 Characteristics

of trip circuit devices

Auxiliary Relays Target and Seal-in Devices Breaker Trip Coils

Coil Current Interruption

(+ ) VDC 0 TIME VOLTAGE ACROSS COIL

CONTACTS BREAK DOWN CONTACT WITHSTANDS Vs M AX

CONTACT BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE

Trip Circuit Apparatus, cont.

 Surge

protection devices

avoiding false trips caused by dc grounds and surge suppression capacitors coil surge suppression devices

Inadvertant Dc Ground Tripping

(+ )

GROUND LIGHT 18 V 3 .2 k5 Cp 1 0 0 F TYPICA L Cn 1 0 0 F TYPICA L 65 v

F4 PROTECTIV E RELA YS TRIP BUS 65 v F1 52 a 52 TC 52 a 52 CC A UX RELA Y F2 F3

3 .2 k5 (5 ) GROUND LIGHT 18 V

F5

Trip Circuit Apparatus, cont.

 Switches

in trip circuits

purposes pros and cons trip testing

Summary
 Documents

a large body of knowledge about dc trip circuit design that is not available elsewhere  Useful in explaining the reasons behind practices to new engineers and in avoiding problems discovered by others  Pertains primarily to the pre-microprocessor era, but has useful lessons for the future