Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION
States fight with each other In 21st century; after World War-II states are working together like never before. . Nations are working together for:
Money Security/ safety Common culture
HISTORY
IGOs only began to be established in the 19th century Among the first were the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine, initiated in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars Of notable significance was the emergence of the League of Nations following World War One, designed as an institution to foster collective security in order to sustain peace. League of Nation was not successful UN was established after WW-II for the purpose to provide a place for countries to talk about conflicts before they turn into war
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
DEFINITION
An international organization (or organization) is an organization with an international membership, scope, or presence. There are two main types:
International nongovernmental organizationS Intergovernmental organizationS
INTERNATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (INGOS) International nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) include non-governmental organizations(NGOs) that operate internationally. These may be either:
International non-profit organizations. Examples include the International Olympic Committee, World Organization of the Scout Movement, International corporations, referred to as multinational corporations. Examples include The Coca-Cola Company, Sony, McDonalds, and Toyota.
UNITED NATIONS
The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development,social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace. The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue.
MISSION OF UN
To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples
MISSION OF UN
To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends
CURRENT DEPLOYEMENT
Start of operation 1999 Name of Operation United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) Location Democratic Republic of Congo Conflict Second Congo War Contribution 3556 Troops
2003
United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) United Nations Operation in Burundi ONUB United Nations Operation in Cte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)
Liberia
2741 Troops
2004
Burundi
1185 Troops
2004
Cte d'Ivoire
1145 Troops
2005
Sudan
1542 Troops
191 Observers
The total amount of troops serving currently in peacekeeping missions is 10,173 (as of March, 2010).
WORLD BANK
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programmes. The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty. By law, all of its decisions must be guided by a commitment to promote foreign investment, international trade and facilitate capital investment
SAARC
Its seven founding members are: Sri Lanka Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh.
SAARC
The 16 stated areas
of cooperation are:
Agriculture and rural, Biotechnology, Culture, Energy, Environment, Economy and trade, Finance, Funding mechanism, Human resource development, Poverty alleviation, People to people contact, Security aspects, Social development, Science and technology; Communications, Tourism .
SAARC
SAARC has intentionally laid more stress on "core issues" mentioned above rather than more decisive political issues like the Kashmir dispute and the Sri Lankan civil war. . During the 12th and 13th SAARC summits, extreme emphasis was laid upon greater cooperation between the SAARC members to fight terrorism.
Functions
Among the various functions of the WTO, these are regarded by analysts as the most important:
It oversees the implementation, administration and operation of the covered agreements. It provides a forum for negotiations and for settling disputes
GROUP OF EIGHT
The Group of Eight (G8, and formerly the G6 or Group of Six then G7) is a forum, created by France in 1975, for the governments of seven major economies: Canada,France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In 1997, the group added Russia, thus becoming the G8.
Strengths of IGOs
They hold state authority. Their institutions are permanent. They provide a forum for discussion. They are issue specific. They provide information. They allow multilateral cooperation.
Weaknesses of IGOs
Membership is limited. Prohibits the membership of private citizens. This makes IGOs undemocratic. In addition, not all IGOs allow universal membership. IGOs often overlap resulting in a complex network. States have to give up part of their sovereignty, which weakens the state's ability to assert its authority. Inequality among state members creates biases and can lead powerful states to misuse these organizations.