Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FOUR
What is Personality?
Personality The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others; measurable traits a person exhibits. Personality Personality Traits Enduring characteristics that describe an individual s behavior. Determinants
Heredity Environment Situation
Sensitif intuitif
Sensitif adalah individu yang praktis, lebih menyukai rutinitas dan urutan, dan berfokus pada detail. Sebaliknya intuitif mengandalkan proses-proses tidak sadar dan melihat gambaran umum
Pemikir Perasa
Pemikir menggunakan alasan dan logika untuk menangani berbagai masalah individu dengan karakteristik perasa dan mengandalkan nilai-nilai dan emosi pribadi
2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Meyers-Briggs, Continued
A Meyers-Briggs score
Can be a valuable too for self-awareness and career guidance
BUT
Should not be used as a selection tool because it has not been related to job performance!!!
Emotional Stability
Calm, self-confident, secure under stress (positive), versus nervous, depressed, and insecure under stress (negative).
Openness to Experience
Curious, imaginative, artistic, and sensitive
2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Measuring Personality
Personality is Measured By
Self-report surveys Observer-rating surveys Projective measures
Rorschach Inkblot Test Thematic Apperception Test
Machiavellianism Narcissism Self-monitoring Risk taking Type A vs. Type B personality Proactive Personality
2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Machiavellianism
Machiavellianism (Mach) Degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means.
Conditions Favoring High Machs Direct interaction with others Minimal rules and regulations Emotions distract for others
Machiavellianisme (M-ach), sejauhmana seorang individu bersifat pragmatis, menjaga jarak emosional, dan meyakini bahwa tujuan dapat menghalalkan cara M-ach tinggi memanipulasi lebih banyak, memenangkan lebih banyak, dan membujuk orang lebih banyak Penghargaan Diri (Self-Esteem), derajat suka atau tidak suka dari individu terhadap diri mereka sendiri Individu dengan SE tinggi yakin bahwa mereka memiliki kemampuan yang lebih daripada yang mereka perlukan agar berhasil dalam pekerjaan. Individu dengan SE tinggi akan mengambil lebih banyak resiko dalam seleksi pekerjaan dan lebih besar kemungkinannya untuk memilih pekerjaan yang tdk konvensional
Narcissism
A Narcissistic Person Has grandiose sense of self-importance Requires excessive admiration Has a sense of entitlement Is arrogant Tends to be rated as less effective
Self-Monitoring
Self-Monitoring A personality trait that measures an individual s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors. High Self-Monitors Receive better performance ratings Likely to emerge as leaders Show less commitment to their organizations
2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Pemamtauan Diri (Self-monitoring), kemampuan individu untuk menyesuaikan perilakunya pada faktor-faktor situasional luar
Individu dengan SM tinggi mampu menjadikan kontradiksi yang mengejutkan antara sosok publik dengan diri pribadi mereka (mampu menyembunyikan sifat asli mereka untuk menyesuaikan dengan lingkungannya yang sedang dihadapi)
Risk-Taking
High Risk-taking Managers
Make quicker decisions Use less information to make decisions Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial organizations
Risk Propensity
Aligning managers risk-taking propensity to job requirements should be beneficial to organizations.
2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Personality Types
Type As 1. are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly; 2. feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place; 3. strive to think or do two or more things at once; 4. cannot cope with leisure time; 5. are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire. Type Bs 1. never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience; 2. feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments; 3. play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their superiority at any cost; 4. can relax without guilt.
2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Personality Types
Proactive Personality Identifies opportunities, shows initiative, takes action, and perseveres until meaningful change occurs. Creates positive change in the environment, regardless or even in spite of constraints or obstacles.
2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Alison has a high external locus of control. Alison believes that things outside of her control determine what happens.
If Alison works on a team with you, and you have a very high internal locus of control, what kinds of discussions do you think the two of you might have? Discuss with a
2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
friend.
In general, Type As are rarely creative because they generally dont allocate the necessary time for new solution development; they usually rely on past experiences to solve problems in order to be speedy.
2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Values
Definition: Mode of conduct or end state is personally or socially preferable (i.e., what is right & good)
Terminal Values
Desirable End States
Instrumental Values
The ways/means for achieving ones terminal values
Value System: A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual s values in terms of their intensity.
Importance of Values
Provide understanding of the attitudes, motivation, and behaviors of individuals and cultures. Influence our perception of the world around us. Represent interpretations of right and wrong. Imply that some behaviors or outcomes are preferred over others.
Instrumental Values Preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one s terminal values.
2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Source: M. Rokeach, The Nature of Human Values (New York: The Free Press, 1973).
Source: M. Rokeach, The Nature of Human Values (New York: The Free Press, 1973).
Source: Based on W. C. Frederick and J. Weber, The Values of Corporate Managers and Their Critics: An Empirical Description and Normative Implications, in W. C. Frederick and L. E. Preston (eds.) Business Ethics: Research Issues and Empirical Studies (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1990), pp. 12344.
Collectivism A tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them.
Femininity The extent to which there is little differentiation between roles for men and women.
Low Uncertainty Avoidance: Society does not mind ambiguous situations & embraces them.
2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.
Short-term Orientation A national culture attribute that emphasizes the present and the here and now.
Source: Reprinted by special permission of the publisher, Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc., from Making Vocational Choices, copyright 1973, 1985, 1992 by Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc. All rights reserved.
E X H I B I T 49
How would a College or University in Country J differ from your College or University? Identify 3 differences and discuss with a neighbor.
2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.