Study and Development of Software Tool for Dimensional Characterization of Abnormality in Human from Medical Thermograms

N.Selvarasu (Reg. No. 2008192151)

Asst. Prof., Dept. of ECE M.N.M Jain Engineering College, Chennai.

Research Supervisor

Dr. Alamelu Nachiappan

Asst. prof., Dept. of EEE, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry

WORK DONE SO FAR (Jan. 2008 to July 2010)

First Six Months (Jan. 2008 to June 2008)  Literature survey on feature Extraction algorithms  Completed 2 subjects in course work Second Six Months (July 2008 to Dec. 2008)  Wavelet based feature extraction algorithm  Completed one subject in course work  Published a paper in Photonics 2008 Third Six months (Jan.2009 to July 2009)  Collected Breast cancer and Fibroadenoma images  Performed an initial analysis on the images  Publication: 1 ( short paper in International Journal) Fourth Six Month (July 2009 to Jan.2010)  Wavelet based feature extraction on thermographs  Published work in NSI 34, National Symposium on Instrumentation  Selected for presentation in ICSAP 2010, Feb.9-10, 2010 Fifth Six Month (Jan. 2010 to July 2010)  Direct study paper completed (Wavelet transforms and Clinical Thermography)  Wavelet transforms is applied on the thermographs and statistical parameters are calculated to analyze thermographs  Research paper selected for presentation in ICCCN 2010 and QIRT 2010.

WORK DONE SO FAR

Sixth Six Month (Aug. 2010 to Dec. 2010)  Acquisition of real time thermographs depicting normal conditions, fibrocysts and breast cancer  Manual interpretation of thermographs is done.  An effective wavelet based feature extraction technique is developed.  Features are described using statistical parameters. Publications: 2 (International Journals) Future Work:  Features that strikingly distinguish Fibroadenoma from Breast cancer has to be determined and results are to be compared with that obtained by mathematical modeling.

ACQUISITION OF THERMOGRAPHS


Real time thermographs depicting normal conditions, fibrocysts and cancer are acquired.
S.No. 1 2 3 Type of the abnormality Normal Fibrocysts/ fibroadenoma Cancer No. of thermographs 2 7 5

TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION ALONG AFFECTED REGIONS IN CANCER THERMOGRAPHS

Te m p e ra t u re va ria t io n a lo n g th e a ffe c t e d re g io n (8 0 t h ro w ) 250 200

150 f(x,y) 100 50

50 y c o -o rd in a t e o f f(x , y )

100

150

The arrow mark points to the high temperature region corresponding to abnormality

TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION ALONG AFFECTED REGIONS IN CANCER THERMOGRAPHS

Te m p e ra t u re va ria t io n a lo n g t h e a ffe c t e d re g io n (7 3 rd ro w ) 300 250

200

f(x,y)

150

100

50

50 y c o -o rd in a t e o f f(x , y )

100

150

The arrow mark points to the high temperature region corresponding to abnormality

TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION ALONG AFFECTED REGIONS IN CANCER THERMOGRAPHS

Te m p e ra t u re va ria tio n a lo n g th e a ffe c t e d re g io n (1 3 5 th ro w ) 250 200

150 f(x,y) 100 50

50

100 150 y c o -o rd in a te o f f(x , y )

200

250

The arrow mark points to the high temperature region corresponding to abnormality

MANUAL INTERPRETATION OF THERMOGRAPHS



From subjective analysis, the following inferences are made



In a normal thermograph, thermal distributions are normal and symmetrical on both sides. In fibrocysts and breast cancer thermographs, there is non-uniform temperature distribution (intensity) in the affected side and asymmetrical temperature (intensity) variation in both sides. The variation in intensity is the measure of abnormality. Hence this variation has to be quantified using significant features.

Existing techniques for Breast cancer detection from Thermographs



Spatial domain analysis based on segmentation is used for breast cancer analysis. However it can not differentiate tumor from other abnormalities. Literatures cite the possibility of wavelet transform based techniques for breast cancer detection with less false alarm rate.

RELATED LITERATURE REVIEW

M. Wiecek, R. Strakowski, T. Jakubowska, B. Wiecek, Chosen aspects of thermal image processing a new software for medical applications , 9th International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography, 2008 OBJECTIVE: Possibility of using Discrete Wavelet Transform for abnormality extraction in thermographs is explored. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY: Discrete Wavelet Transform is applied on the acquired thermographs. The approximation coefficients are then considered. Statistical parameters are then used to describe these coefficients. These statistical parameters are then fed to Artificial Neural networks to determine the abnormality CONCLUSION ANN based classification system that uses statistical parameters of approximation sub images is developed

PROPOSED METHODOLOGY FOR AUTOMATED BREAST CANCER DETECTION



Acquisition of breast thermographs depicting normal conditions, breast cancer, fibroadenoma, inflammation etc Extracting the abnormality features using Discrete Wavelet Transforms Describing the abnormality features with suitable statistical parameters Developing a decision making technique that identifies breast cancer with less false alarm rate

CHOICE OF WAVELET TANSFORMS



If piecewise linear approximation can be done then these waveforms can be related to rectangular waveforms. These graphs are similar to approximated Gaussian waveforms with flat peak. The related wavelet transforms are Haar wavelet, Bi orthogonal wavelets and reverse bi orthogonal wavelets.

CHOICE OF STATISTICAL PARAMETERS



After determining the coefficients, these coefficients are to described properly. The size, shape and symmetry properties are to be described effectively. Area, Standard Deviation, Skewness and Kurtosis are chosen as the statistical parameters to describe the co-efficients.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (Haar Wavelet)

Type of the image

Mean
0.0223 0.0156 0.0034 0.0053 0.0022

Standard deviation
0.0004 0.0684 0.0000 0.0673 0.0003 0.0278 0.0012 0.0797 0.0016 0.0908 0.0106 0.0088 0.0013 0.0047 0.0011 0.0007 0.0027 0.0125 0.0018 0.0017 0.0014 0.0162 0.0002 0.0110 0.0006

Cancer 0.4569 0.0031 1.bmp Cancer 0.0941 0.0025 2.bmp Cancer 0.2191 0.0008 4.bmp Cancer 0.1101 5.bmp 0.0014

Cancer 0.0739 0.0005 6.bmp

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (Bi-Orthogonal wavelet)

Type of the image Cancer 0.4476 0.0001 1.bmp Cancer 0.0933 0.0000 2.bmp Cancer 0.2159 0.0002 4.bmp Cancer 0.0995 0.0008 5.bmp Cancer 0.0872 0.0003 6.bmp

Mean
0.0025 0.0020 0.0004 0.0011 0.0019

Standard deviation
0.0003 0.0632 0.0001 0.0647 0.0003 0.0199 0.0008 0.0531 0.0005 0.0850 0.0047 0.0038 0.0004 0.0002 0.0007 0.0047 0.0014 0.0016 0.0019 0.0026 0.0001 0.0125 0.0029 0.0024 0.0015

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (Reverse Bi Orthogonal Wavelet)

Type of the image Cancer 0.4291 0.0001 1.bmp Cancer 0.1006 0.0000 2.bmp Cancer 0.2191 0.0003 4.bmp Cancer 0.0990 -0.0008 5.bmp Cancer 0.0812 0.0003 6.bmp

Mean
0.0015

Standard deviation
0.0002 0.0651 0.0051 0.0036 0.0001 0.0014 0.0018 0.0059 0.0021 0.0068 0.0031 0.0013 0.0004 0.0194 0.0014 0.0019 0.0018

-0.0019 0.0001 0.0649 0.0006 0.0011 0.0020 0.0002 0.0192 0.0007 0.0595 0.0005 0.0865

CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK

Abnormality is successfully extracted using Discrete Wavelet transforms  Statistical moments such as mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis are calculated for the approximation and detailed wavelet coefficients  The choice of wavelet transform is analyzed for abnormality extraction Future Work However this work has to be extended for an extensive thermograph database and the mathematical modelling.


PUBLICATIONS
1.

2.

N.Selvarasu, Alamelu Nachiappan and N.M.Nandhitha, Euclidean Distance Based Color Image Segmentation of Abnormality Detection from Pseudo Color Thermographs , International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 4, August, 2010, ISSN: 1793-8201, pp.514-516. N.Selvarasu, Alamelu Nachiappan, N.M.Nandhitha, Extraction And Quantification Techniques For Abnormality Detection From Medical Thermographs In Human , International Journal of Technology And Engineering System(IJTES), Vol1. No.2 July Sep 2010, pp. 120-124

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