NETWORK TOPOLOGY

NETWORKS


A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications.

TYPES OF NETWORKING
    

LAN - Local Area Network WAN - Wide Area Network WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network MAN - Metropolitan Area Network CAN - Campus Area Network, Controller Area Network, or sometimes Cluster Area Network

Contd


SAN - Storage Area Network, System Area Network, Server Area Network, or sometimes Small Area Network

PAN - Personal Area Network

LAN - Local Area Network



A Local Area Network (LAN) is a combination of programs and equipment that connect a number of personal computers.

WAN - Wide Area Network



A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a collection of LANs.

WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network



A LAN based on WiFi wireless network technology .

MAN - Metropolitan Area Network



A network spanning a physical area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as a city.

CAN - Campus Area Network



A campus area network (CAN) is a computer network made up of an interconnection of local area networks (LANs) within a limited geographical area.

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SAN - Storage Area Network



A storage area network (SAN) is a high-performance subnet, probably (but not necessarily) based on fibre channel, whose primary purpose is the transfer of data between computer systems and storage elements and among multiple storage elements.

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PAN - Personal Area Network



A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer devices (including telephones and personal digital assistant) close to one person.

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ADVANTAGES OF NETWORK
    

Program Security More Secure Personal Work Files Reduced Need for Floppy Disks Shared Files Shared Printers Shared Resources Easy Maintenance
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DISADVANTAGES OF NETWORK
      

Server faults stop applications being available . Network faults can cause loss of data. Network fault could lead to loss of resources . User work dependent upon network . System open to hackers . Decisions tend to become centralised . Could become inefficient .
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Contd..
  

Could degrade in performance . Resources could be located too far from users. Network management can become dif .

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Network Topologies


Network topology is the study of the arrangement or mapping of the elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a network.

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Types of Network Topologies

Bus (Linear, Linear Bus) Star Ring Mesh

   

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Contd..
  

Tree Hybrid Point to Point

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BUS Topology


A linear bus topology consists of a main run of cable with a terminator at each end .All nodes (file server, workstations, and peripherals) are connected to the linear cable.

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Star Topology


A star topology is designed with each node (file server, workstations, and peripherals) connected directly to a central network hub or concentrator

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Ring Topology


A star-wired ring topology may appear (externally) to be the same as a star topology. Internally, the MAU (multistation access unit) of a star-wired ring contains wiring that allows information to pass from one device to another in a circle or ring.
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Tree Topology


A tree topology combines characteristics of linear bus and star topologies. It consists of groups of starconfigured workstations connected to a linear bus backbone cable.

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Mesh Topology


Mesh Network is a network where all the nodes are connected to each other and is a complete network.

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Hybrid Topology
The topology that combines more than one topology is called hybrid topology. This topology is used to connect a network that is divided into smaller sections also known as segments.

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Point-to-Point Topology


The connects two participants (points).

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Considerations When Choosing a Topology:

   

Money. Length of cable needed. Future growth. Cable type

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Selecting a Topology
Topology Bus
Use

Advantages

Disadvantages

of cable is economical. Network can slow down in Media is inexpensive and easy heavy traffic. to work with. Problems are difficult to isolate. System is simple and reliable. Cable break can affect many Bus is easy to extend. users.

Ring

provides equal access for all computers. Performance is even despite many users.
System

Failure

of one computer can impact the rest of the network. Problems are hard to isolate. Network reconfiguration disrupts operation.

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Contd..
Topology Star Advantages
Modifying

Disadvantages

system and adding If the centralized point new computers is easy. fails, the network fails. Centralized monitoring and management are possible. Failure of one computer does not affect the rest of the network.

Mesh

provides increased redundancy and reliability as well as ease of troubleshooting.

System

System

is expensive to install because it uses a lot of cabling.

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Contd..
Topology Tree Advantages
Point-to-point wiring

Disadvantages
for length of each segment is limited by the type of cabling used. If the backbone line breaks, the entire segment goes down.
Overall

individual segments. Supported by several hardware and software venders.

Hybrid

systems can be changed or expanded as needed. Different ports can be used to accommodate a variety of cabling types.

Wiring

yVery

expensive.

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Conclusion
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