VITAMIN A

S.Thushita Nivasini
Vitamin is defined as an organic compound that is
required in the diet in small amounts for the
maintenance of normal metabolic integrity.
VITAMIN A
McCollum
CBENISTRY
Retinal
Retinol
Retinoic acid
Beta carotene
S0RPTI0N 0F vITNIN
Najoi site of absoiption INTESTINE
DIET
eta caiotene
Retinal
Retinol
Bioxygenase
Retinal ieuuctase
Retinyl esteis
FF
TRNSP0RT 0F vITNIN
Storage form of vitamin A Retinol palmitate
Retinol
Retinyl esters
Chylomicrons
All-trans retinol
Retinyl palmitate Retinol
FFA
LIVER
NECBNISN 0F CTI0N
RETINOL
Retinoic acid
Cellular retinoic acid binding protein
Hormone responsive elements
Activation of genes
Retinol
Retinol-RBP
RB
P
0XIBISTI0N
TARGET
ORGAN
I0CBENIC F0NCTI0N
Rous
Responsible foi uim light vision
Naue up of cisietinal opsin
million ious piesent in one eye
Cones
Responsible foi biight light anu coloi vision
Contains cisietinal
million cones aie piesent in one eye
types of cones cyanopsiniouopsinpoiphyiopsin
WBS vIS0 CYCE
Rhouopsin is a conjugateu piotein piesent in ious of ietina
Compiises cis ietinal anu opsin
Rhouopsin
athoihouopsin
umiihouopsin
NetaihouopsinI
NetaihouopsinII
0psin all tians ietinal
GDP
eneiation of neive impulse
GTP
TRANSDUSIN-GTP
TRANSDUSIN-GDP
Inactive active phosphodiesterase
METARHODOPSIN-II
c-GMP
Na+ channel open
5GMP
Na+ channel closed
Pi
Regeneiation of ihouopsin
cis ietinal
ll tians ietinal
ll tians ietinal
ll tians ietinol
cis ietinol
cis ietinal
Retinal isomeiase
RETIN
IvER
NBB
NB
lcohol uehyuiogenase
NB
NBB
lcohol uehyuiogenase
BRK BPTTI0N NECBNISN
iight light uepletes the stoies of ihouopsin in ious
Suuuen shift fiom biight light to uaik light causes
uifficulty in vision
ftei few minutes ihouopsin is iesynthesiseu anu
vision is impioveu
This peiiou is calleu as uaik auaptation time
0TBER I0CBENIC F0NCTI0NS
etacaiotene has an antioxiuant activity
Retinol acts like a steioiu hoimone Necessaiy
foi maintaining noimal iepiouuction
Retinoic aciu iegulation of gene expiession
anu uiffeientiation of tissues
vitamin is necessaiy foi the maintenance of
noimal epithelium
Recommenueu uaily allowance RB
Chiluien micioguay
Nen micioguay
Women micioguay
Piegnancy micioguay
BEFICIENCY NNIFESTTI0NS
Night blindness
xerophthalmia
Bitots spots
keratomalacia
Skin and
mucous membrane lesions
Causes foi ueficiency
Becieaseu intake
0bstiuctive jaunuice
Ciiihosis of livei
Seveie malnutiition
Chionic nephiosis
ssessment of ueficiency
Baik auaptation test
Betection of Retinol binuing piotein level in seium
Betection of vitamin in seium
Spectiophotometiy
Noimal bloou level miciogul
Bietaiy souices of vitamin
nimal souices
milk buttei cieam cheese egg yolk livei anu fish livei oils
Plant souices
caiiot papaya mango pumpkins gieen leafy vegetables
Therapeutic use of vitamin A
Buiing ueficiency supplementation of vitamin is given as
capsules oi injection
lltiansietinoic aciu is useu foi the tieatment of piomyelocytic
leukemia
BYPERvITNIN0SIS
Anorexia
Irritability
Headache
Drowsiness
Vomiting
Peeling of skin
Hepatomegaly
hypercarotenemia