AGRICULTURE IN INDIA

GROUP 8 Vishal Sharma(20) Shrema Garg(23) Pawan Jangid(26) Shivam Gautam(32) Vivek Kapoor(45) Atul Pandey(54)

Contents
Introduction History Production Fertilizers Developments Green Revolution Employment in Agriculture sector Investments Subsidies Credits Exports Facts & figures Conclusions
2

Introduction
One of the strong sector of Indian economy(18% of GDP). Around 58 % population of India depends on Agriculture. Average growth rate of agriculture and allied sector in 2006-07 & 2007-08 has been 4% per annum. 140.7 million hectare area is available for sown. Major agricultural products include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea.

History
Indian agriculture began by 9000 BC as a result of early cultivation of plants. Double monsoon leads two harvest in a year. The Grow More Food Campaign (1940s) and the Integrated Production Program (1950s) focused on food and cash crops supply respectively. In 1960s Green revolution took place. Agriculture production rose. Export increased at 10% in 1990s.

Production
India is largest producer of coconuts, mangoes, bananas, cashew nuts, pulses, ginger. Second largest producer of rice, wheat, cotton, fruits and vegetables. A growth of 3.2% is projected during fiscal year 2009. Among cereals production, India is placed third, having second largest production in wheat and rice and the largest production in pulses.

 Bt cotton is the only commercialized Biotech crop in India. 3.8 million hectare of land is under its production. Coffee production is over 293000 metric tonnes and tea production is over 981 million kg. The allied sectors like livestock, fishing and forestry are projected with growth rate 4.8% in fiscal year 2009.

Production (2008)
PRODUCTION IN MILLION TONES
PRODUCTION

340.3 219.3 94.1 74.8 36.1 27.2

Fertilizers
Increase in fertilizers with time Bio fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, urea fertilizers, compost, organic fertilizers, etc.

Development
Domestic production of food grains was not adequate to meet domestic demand. Programs like The Grow More Food Program, the Community Development Program and Intensive Area development Programs To regenerate Indian agriculture. Green Revolution came as a breakthrough for India There was a constant improvisation in the technology in agriculture for better yield of crops and better profit.
9

Green Revolution
The introduction of high yielding varieties of seeds after 1965 and increased used of fertilizers and irrigation is collectively known as green revolution. Dr Norman Borlaug - Father of Green Revolution Many famines in India before it and in 1961 was on a brink of a mass famine and were considered inevitable Indian agriculture - Low growth rate of 0.3% per annum. So massive expansion of HYV production started with use of fertilizers.

10

Outcome of Green Revolution

Food grain production grew from 50.8 million tonnes in 1950/51 to 500 million tonnes in 2001/02. Food imports were almost eliminated. In 1970s cost of rice was $550 a ton and it reduced to under $200 a ton. Extension of irrigation facilities, better agricultural techniques, water management, plant protection etc improved.

Contd
In 1980s despite of three years of meager rainfall and a draught in the middle of decade, India managed to get along with very few food imports. India became self-sufficient in early 1990s in food grain production and later it also started exporting food grains in other parts of the world.

Employment in Agriculture
60% Indian population employed in Agriculture In 2008, Indian agro-based companies attracted a host of private equity players The Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M) groups agribusiness initiative, Mahindra ShubhLaabh Services (MSLS), has tied-up with the Netherlands-based HZPC, the worlds largest seed potato supplier. Blackstone invested US$ 50 million in Hyderabad-based Nuziveedu seeds. Morgan Stanley picked up a minority stake for US$ 36.51 million in castor oil maker, Biotor Industries, through its Asia fund.

13

Investment

14

Investment
Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 GDP from agriculture 407176 433475 398206 441360 441183 468013 485939 GCF in agri. (Public sec.) 7155 8746 7962 9376 12273 15006 17749 GCF in agri. (Private sec.) 31872 39468 38861 35457 36835 39899 43013 Total 39027 48215 46823 44833 49108 54905 60762

15

Subsidies
In 2007 govt. has waived loans of worth Rs. 75000 crore Fertilizers 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 4562 5769 6735 7578 9918 11596 13244 13800 12595 11015 11847 16127 Electricity 2400 2338 1977 8356 4937 3819 4276 6056 9342 7354 Na Na Irrigation 5872 6772 7931 9221 10318 11827 11193 13456 13164 15012 11142 12990 Others 1235 1246 1034 896 983 1182 3085 2686 3041 3133 4018 Na
16

Exports
Indias overseas shipments of coffee rose by 9.6 per cent to 300,000 bags even as global coffee exports decreased by 1 per cent. India's natural rubber exports have increased by 38 per cent in the April-July 200809. Spice exports registered a 17 per cent increase in revenue in rupee value and five per cent in quantity this year compared to last year. India exported 1.40 million tones of oil meal in the first three months of the current financial year, up 70 per cent from the corresponding period last year. Cashew exports touched US$ 413.21 million, an increase of 40.2 per cent during the AprilNovember period of 200809.
17

Export

18

Credit
Total credit to agriculture is increased from Rs. 62045 crore in 2001-02 to Rs. 200000 crore in 2007-08 RRBs NABARD Priority sector lending Kisan credit card Co-operative societies In 2006-07 co-operatives given Rs. 42480 crore

19

Facts & Figures

Contributes to 18% of GDP Provides food to 1Billion people Sustains 65% of the population : helps alleviate poverty Produces 51 major Crops Provides Raw Material to Industries Contributes to 1/6th of the export earnings

One of the 12 Bio-diversity centers in the world with over 46,000 species of plants and 86,000 species of animals recorded

20

Conclusion
Agriculture is set to play a more dynamic role in the economy. A progressively larger number of states have been amending their Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) Act, to allow farmers to directly sell their produce to the buyers. Agriculture credit is likely to touch US$ 49.05 billion in 2008 Total investment is up from 10.2 per cent in 200304 to 16 per cent for the 11th Plan. Significantly, services related to agro and allied sectors have been thrown open to 100 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) through the automatic route.

21

Thank you for your kind attention.

22

Facts & Figures

Total Geographical Area - 328 million hectares Net Area sown - 142 million hectares Gross Cropped Area 190.8 million hectares Major Crop Production (1999-2000)
Rice Wheat Coarse Cereals Pulses Oilseeds Sugarcane 89.5 million 75.6 million 30.5 million 13.4 million 20.9 million 29.9 million tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes tonnes

23