Professional Documents
Culture Documents
30th January,2012
Kyung Hee University- Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory 1
Contents
1. Introduction 2. Mechanical performance tests for Unbounded Granular Materials(UGM) 3. Cyclic Behavior of unbound granular materials
1. Introduction:
Unbound granular materials (UGMs) are continuously graded granular materials, consisting in general of crushed rocks or crushed natural gravels. They usually contain a certain amount of fines (typically 4% to 10 %) and water. In Pavements, the behavior of unbound granular materials is characterized by the accumulation of permanent deformations, leading to rutting of the pavement.
View of the instrumented specimen View of the LCPC cyclic load triaxial apparatus for unbound granular materials Hall effect local stain transducer were used to measure axial and Kyung Hee University- Geotechnical strains radial
Engineering Laboratory
View of the LCPC cyclic load triaxial apparatus for unbound granular materials
Specimens were compacted to corresponding site Dry Unit weight value of 2130 kg/m3
10
11
The cyclic behaviour of unbound granular materials, and the modelling of this behaviour, are based essentially on cyclic triaxial testing . The response of the material is elasto-plastic,
12
13
Range A, called the plastic shakedown range, where a complete stabilisation of permanent strains is observed after a finite number of load cycles, and the behaviour becomes entirely resilient (plastic shakedown)
Kyung Hee University- Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory 14
Usually, for stress levels found in granular pavement layers, the permanent deformations increase rapidly during the first few thousand load cycles, and then tend to stabilise (shakedown). Kyung Hee University- Geotechnical
Engineering Laboratory
15
16
17
18
19
5.1.1.Study of Long term Behavior- Plastic Deformation (Cont.) Program of permanent deformation testsI
Test Loading Sequence Number of Cycle N 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 P max (Kpa) 75 150 225 300 Q max q/p (Kpa) 150 300 450 300 2 2 2 2
p 1
MA 0407 1 2 3 4
20
Program of permanent deformation tests Testing No MA 0419 Test Permanent ( Plastic)- 4% Path q/p 1 2 2.5 1 2 2.5 1 2 3 1 2 3
21
MA 0407 Permanent ( Plastic)- 4% MA 0416 Permanent ( Plastic)- 4% MA 0412 Permanent ( Plastic)- 5% MA 0420 Permanent ( Plastic)- 5% MA 0411 Permanent ( Plastic)- 5% MA 0733 Permanent ( Plastic)- 6% MA 0732 Permanent ( Plastic)- 6% MA 0734 Permanent ( Plastic)- 6% MA 0801 Permanent ( Plastic)- 7% MA 0739 Permanent ( Plastic)- 7% MA 0802 Permanent ( Plastic)- 7%
Different samples for different water content and applied stress Kyung Hee University- Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory paths
24
Observations
The figures above show the results of Triaxial tests- cyclic loading on unbound granular material at water content of 4 % and 5%. The evolution of axial plastic strain, for each step is characterized by a rapid increase during the first loading cycles, followed by a gradual stabilization. The stabilization is attained for low stress levels (in the first two steps of loading). This stabilization is more important for water content of 4% and 5%.
25
5.1.4. Results obtained for prediction of the experimental results- Gidel Model
These rests have been analyzed and used with a plastic behavior model, developed to describe the permanent deformation behavior of unbound granular material. The model is known as empirical model developed by Gidel in 2001
26
Gidel Model
Empirical permanent deformation relationships selected for evaluation, and parameters obtained for the two materials, by Gidel 2001
27
28
5.1.5. Predictions obtained with the function of variation with the number of load cycles f(N) proposed by Gidel,2001
Calibration of the empirical model on axial plastic deformation
w=5%
w=6%
29
5.1.5. Predictions obtained with the function of variation with the number of load cycles f(N) proposed by Gidel,2001 (Cont)
w=7%
30
Tests
Correlation Index
31
5.1.7. Remarks
The parameter B is set be cause there is a problem of convergence of the model. These convergence problems are related to the non- uniqueness of the pair values of A and B proposed by Hornysh. Other parameters are in no way influenced by the value of the parameter B. But the Value of A is a direct function of B.
The permanent deformation is growing up until a limit value A as N increases toward infinity. B controls the shape of the plastic strains curve evolution
32
Thank you!
33