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Thomas J.

Boyle, DMD, MAGD, ABGD Diplomate of the American Board of General Dentistry

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Smear Layer
(produced by diamond on dentin)

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Smear Layer
Dentinal surface and

tubules are obstructed.

Shattered and crushed

hydroxyapatite, fragmented and denatured collagen, bacteria? And saliva.

Some degree of

etching is required to overcome this obstacle

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Dealing with the Smear Layer

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Classification of Adhesives
Etch

HEMA
hydrophylic

Bis-GMA hydrophobic

4th
th

5th

6th

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Brand Names of Adhesive Systems


3-E&R 2-SEA

2-E&R

1-SEA

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step

-E&R Systems

4th gen
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step

-E&R Systems

5th gen
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2-SEA systems

6th gen

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1-SEA Systems

7th gen

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Hybridization

Hybridization is the common

adhesion mechanism of all systems (E&R and SEA).

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Hybrid Layer Achieved by:

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Etch and Rinse Technique vs. Self Etch


enamel/resin interface

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Dentin Bond
Phosphoric Acid 35%
Removes Smear Layer Demineralizes dentin to depth

of 3.0 m to 5.0 m.
Exposes a scaffold of collagen

fibrils nearly depleted of hydroxyapatite.

Monomers diffuse into the

network of collagen fibrils and set to form hybrid layer. and MMA is unlikely

Chemical rxn between collagen

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Note that collagen fibrils

must not be allowed to collapse.


retention.

Loose the micromechanical

Collagen fibrils are inert

(s HAp) and monomers have low affinity to them.


Therefore nanometer-sized

gaps are left that leak and gradually deteriorate the bond. Water Trees
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Primer Solvents

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New Three Step Technique

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Self Etch Systems

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Variable/Unpredictable Bond Strengths with SEAs vs. E&Rs

Despite the thin hybrid layer and lack of

resin tags- some Mild SEAs can achieve a satisfactory bond strength.
Probably due to additional chemical rxn

between monomers and residual HAp.

(Mild SEAs leave HAp)


However : {Tooth- SEA } chemical

interactions are highly variable.

They depend on the kind of acidic functional

monomer and on the overall composition of the monomer.

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The carboxylic and phosphate groups that render

these monomers hydrophilic and that function as proton donors (acid etchants) have been proven to bond ionically with the calcium in hydroxyapatite. So the mild SEAs get some bond strength (not as much as E&Rs) because they leave some HAp The chemical bond is monomer specific and depends on the hydrolytic stability of the calcium-monomer bond. So why use SEAs?

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SEA Bond Strength

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Advantages of SEA
Reduced chair time
Etch, rinse and drying steps are

eliminated
a whole 80 seconds can be saved!

Collapse of the collagen network is

prevented
This is possible in the E&R techniques if

care not exercised.

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Concerns about SEA

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Concerns about SEA

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Concerns about SEA


Phase Separation Adhesive dispensed

droplets appear rise to surface and disappear Explanation


Complex mix of

hydrophylic and phobic components dissolved in an organic solvent whose evaporation sets off this event.
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Phase Separation

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Concerns about SEA

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In the bottle degradation

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Loss of Dentinal Bond

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SEA or E&R ?

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