PAINT AND DECORATING

Aishah Shahira Muhamad Naser Nur Afiqah Mohd Bashir Anim Amira Md Tohid

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS PAINT ?
Paints are surface coatings generally suitable for site use, marketed in liquid form. They help in adding different shades and characters to the wall of indoors and outdoors of a building. Painting constitutes a small faction of the initial cost of a building and much higher proportion of the maintenance cost.

They may be used for one or more of the following purposes :

To

protect the underlaying surface by exclusion of the atmosphere, moisture, chemicals, fungi and insects. To provide a decorative, easily maintained surface. To provide light and heat reflecting properties. To give special effects , for example , inhibitive paints of protection of metals , electrically conductive paints as a source of heat , condentsation resistant paints.

PROPERTIES

 Stain

resistance : measures how easily material of paint can withstand stain and can be removed from the paint. If the stain penetrates into the paint, it can be very hard to remove. resistance : measures how the type of paint can withstand the corrode from destroying the appearance of the paint. The material used in paint decides if the paint can withstand the corrosion.

Corrosion

 Scrub

resistance : measures how tough a paint is and how much washing it can withstand. : measure of how shiny a paint is. A glossy paint is very smooth and light reflects off it as it would off a piece of clear glass. And it really makes a good appearance of wall.

Gloss

and viscosity : y is the internal resistance to flow exhibited by a fluid. A liquid with a high viscosity (like maple syrup) flows slowly. It have the same characteristics with flow of the paint. Weatherability : y is the resistance of the paint to the damaging effects of weather, such as sun (light), rain, heat, cold, and dirt. Sometimes if the paint is not strong enough to resist these effects, it may cause cracking on the surface of the paint.
Flow

COMPONENTS

PIGMENTS :
The use of pigments in the paints is to provide color opacity and flow. It is found out that titanium oxide as a pigment in most of the color paints as it is white. The properties of the paint maybe modified to a large extend by the pigment. Pigments are find in soluble crystalline particles which give colourhiding ability and body to the paint. They maybe organic, inorganic, natural or synthetic.

BINDERS :

Binders are used there as a film forming component. It has adhesive properties and great influence over the other properties like gloss, exterior durability, flexibility and toughness. Binders can be split in two categories, one is drying and other one are curing. It binds the ingredients (holds everything together), forms the film and also known as the non-volatile vehicle.

SOLVENTS :

The purpose of using solvents in paint is to control the viscosity. Solvents are not the main component of the paint film, they are just volatiles. Mostly, water is used as a solvent disposal in the water based paints. Oils, alcohols are the other liquids which are generally used in them as solvents. There are many other components which are used widely apart from these three main components. The other ingredients are used to improve qualities like antifreeze, foam control, wet edge and pigment stability.

EXTENDERS :

Extenders are used to improve some of the properties of the paint, although they have little or no pigmentary value. They can, for instant, be used to control the amount of gloss. Materials used as extenders do not affect the colour because their refractive index is very closed to that of the medium. Extender particles are much larger than pigment particle.

DRIERS :

Driers are added to oil-bound paints. These are usually oxides which will give out oxygen and thereby increased the rate of oxidation of the binder and thus the rate of drying. The rate of drying can also be increased by using blown linseed-oil which has had air blown through it.

Latex/ Water Based TYPES OF PAINT

Alkyd/Oil Based

Primer

flat paint

as undercoat paint provide the surface for the finish coats of paint or clear finishes seal the surface off and provide a "tooth" for the finish paint also used block out stains like water stains, crayon and smoke insure longer lasting paint to stay on the surface creating the "wear layer"
Known

 Applies

smoothly and wears well in both interior and exterior use Versatility and easy to clean up Does not require thinners or solvents Faster drying time Has less of an odour than other paints, such as oil-based paint Non-flammable More environmentally friendly than other paint types

 Also

known as oil-based paint Suitable used at the high traffic area and outdoor which very expose to weather Looking better when dry Strong odour noticeable in buildings that have been freshly painted. A harder material and holds to the surface better Requires thinners and solvents to clean up

 Also

known as matte paint Paint which dries to a minimally reflective finish Adheres readily, taking to rough surfaces very easily. Much harder to clean than glossier paints Tends to hide and minimize rough surfaces Definitely needs to be avoided in high traffic areas like kitchens Suitable for indoor work normally used for ceilings and walls that have imperfections

PAINT SYSTEM
Pre-paint Stage
Surface Preparation

Paint Stage
Coating Application

SURFACE PREPARATION
Surface

preparation involves the removal of old paint, oil, scale, or rust before painting or coating application. Methods include:
y y y y y

Abrasive Cleaning Detergent Cleaning Emulsion Cleaning Solvent Cleaning Steam Cleaning

COATING APPLICATION
Preparation of the surface to receive paint and the application of the paint in the proper manner to the specified thickness. This application can be applied with a brush, roller or sprayer.
Firstly, the surface to be painted must be clean, dry, and free of old loose paint.

The paint should be stirred before it is used

Painting should proceed from top to bottom and from large areas to trim.

BRUSH
Brush painting method is applied for small textured painting works. Brush painting is mostly used for whitewash or common painting.
Clean the surface, brush and container, used for keeping the paint during application. Apply paint only after contents of paint in drum are mixed thoroughly. Apply the paint with brush first by using vertical strokes until the surface is fully covered.

Lay off with vertical strokes finally.

Apply brush painting across with light strokes to smooth laps and brush marks for complete coverage.

ROLLER

After surface preparation Roller Painting should be done by skilled painter. If unskilled painter is deputed on job, painting work may result in patchy and inconsistent work. Its done as follows:
Mix contents of the paint thoroughly before application. Dip roller in mixed paint and run it from top to bottom.

Clean surface, roller and container before starting the painting work.

Run roller without dipping it in paint horizontally and vertically on applied paint coat to spread it uniformly.

Again dip roller and run it adjacent to the above applied area from bottom to top.

SPRAYER
Clean the surface, spray machine and container before starting painting work. Mix contents of paint before applying the paint.

Spray painting is specially done in textured painting of ceiling. Spray painting is easy method and takes less time than rolling painting do. This painting is done through spray machine as follows.
Try different air pressure and fan adjustment to achieve best application. Hold spray gun perpendicular to the surface and move the gun over surface in a uniform sweeping motion while spraying. Do spray painting only when dry condition prevails. Dont keep air pressure high otherwise the paint will fog up and be wasted. Take care if adequate ventilation is provided to disperse spray fume.

Add contents of paint before application of paint.

Protect floors from spray fumes.

SELECTION OF PAINT
There are some various factors in selecting paint which are:
y y y y y

Project Conditions Considering the Material Final Finish Oil-Base vs. Water-Base Adhesion

PROJECT CONDITIONS

Understand the components of paint, consider the conditions in which the project or painted item will exist. Example: wheather (cold or hot, damp or dry, windy or calm)

Considering the Material

If the surface is very porous, more paint will be needed. Sometimes special primers can be used to reduce the amount of paint necessary to provide complete coverage. Example: very soft woods and concrete vs. hardwoods or metals

FINAL FINISH

Determine the kind of finish you want on the final product. Finishes range from flat to high gloss, with additional finish levels in between. As result, its look beautiful and glossy surface.

Adhesion
Paint is no good if it doesn't stick and maintain a uniform appearance. The binder gives paint its sticking power. It also dries into a protective finish. In water-based paints, the binder is usually a plastic, either acrylic, vinyl or a combination of both. The binder in oil-base paints is either a natural oil or a synthetic resin (alkyd).

OIL-BASE VS. WATERBASE

An oil-base coat takes longer to dry than latex, but some painters prefer it for this very reason. The longer the drying time, the better the paint will flatten out to hide brush marks. The odor is strong, but for durability oil base is hard to beat. Use it on primed walls or woodwork and alreadypainted surfaces. Cleanup is trickier than for water base, and must be done with mineral spirits or turpentine.

NOT DESTROY THE EXTERNAL WALL OF THE BULDING

PROTECTIVE AGENT

DECREASE THE POSSIBILYTY OF METAL COMPONENT TO GET CORRODE

GIVE MORE PROTECTION AND STRENGTH TO THE MATERIAL(TI MBER)

Paint give an attractive appearance to the wall

BUILDING AND DECORATIVE PAINT Primer paint give a undercoat paint to give surface for the finishes Oil based paint suitable to apply in outdoor and high traffic area

Contribute more types of paint which suitable for the environment and types of the material

As a QS, we need to choose the best quality of paint while choosing it for a building or houses. A better paint will effect the appearance and the longer lasting paint from peeling and premature failure. Each of the component in a paint is actually give strength and protection although in a lower percentage. Otherwise, painting also can be a protection to some of the material used such as metal and timber.