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Telcordia Contact:
Haim Kobrinski (732) 758-5388 hkob@research.telcordia.com
Release 5/17/02
An SAIC Company Copyright Telcordia Technologies, 2002
Telcordia Technologies Proprietary Internal Use Only This document contains proprietary information that shall be distributed, routed or made available only within Telcordia Technologies, except with written permission of Telcordia Technologies.
Outline
Introduction - Purpose, Scope
Part I: Optical Networking Taxonomy
Network Topologies - Backbone, Metro, Access Matching solutions to network segments System characteristics and functionality
Glossary
Taxonomy_v0430 2
Scope
starting at systems level (i.e., does not include components, subsystems, or device technologies) focus on optical layer with Layer 2/3 aspects where relevant does not cover: non-optical local networks, non-optical residential access, RF wireless systems focus on the technology not the financials of the market does not provide comprehensive coverage of all start-up vendors but points out relevant examples where applicable
Please consult the slide notes found on most viewgraphs for additional explanation and details
Taxonomy_v0430 3
Taxonomy_v0430 4
VIP
ISP
VIP = Video Information Provider ISP = Internet Service Provider ONU = Optical Network Unit ONT = Optical Network Termination POS = Passive Optical Splitter PON = Passive Optical Network
O N U
DSLAM
ISP
Access
DLC
xDSL
DLC
ADM
POS
IP, GbE LAN ONT ONT PON
xDSL
Taxonomy_v0430 5
Traffic Characteristics: highly aggregated circuit traffic (IXCs) and packet/cell traffic (ISPs) Signal Rates/Formats: few including 2.5G, 10G, 40G and carried in SONET/SDH, PDH
Emerging formats: Digital Wrapper, Ethernet formats
QoS: highest performance levels - BER, packet loss, delay, protection/restoration Critical choices: minimize cost per bit - ULH vs LH, transparency vs opaque, core switching vs core hybrid routing/switching Emerging Technologies: ULH, Ultra Dense WDM, L and S-band transport, intelligent OXCs, transparent photonic cross connects
Taxonomy_v0430 6
Traffic Characteristics: aggregated traffic from access networks and large customers (enterprises) Signal Rates/Formats: numerous rates from 0.1 to 10 Gb/s carried in SONET/SDH, GbE, RPR, ATM, and proprietary formats QoS: varies widely from highly reliable to best effort
Critical Choices: challenged to build a scalable, convergent network infrastructure to satisfy the needs of disparate services and choosing among multiple architectures and products
Currently dominated by SONET ring technologies optimized for TDM services (voice, private lines)
See Restrictions on Title Page Taxonomy_v0430 7
Traffic Characteristics: huge number of sources/destinations with low capacities per channel (DS0 to GbE)
Economic Sensitivities: fiber/cable build out (last mile) and the cost of high port density terminal equipment Critical Choices: Enterprise Access:
communications has become mission critical for enterprises substantial shift to IP services (VPN, MPLS) telecom and computing equipment is churned and upgraded frequently bandwidth management, security are important functions
Access Layer 3
Edge/Aggregation Routers
Metro
Core
Core Routers
Layer 2
MSPP/ RPR
Metro/Regional OADM
Grooming OXC
Physical
Metro WDM
Aggregation/Distribution Networks
Regional Networks
Graphical Framework also used by: Light Reading and Tenor Networks
Taxonomy_v0430 9
Access Layer 3
Metro
Core
Integrated Router/OXC
Layer 2
Residential Optical Access MSPP with Integrated WDM
OXC + DWDM
Hybrid OXC (Grooming & Wavelength)
Physical
Most products in these areas are still in development and have not been deployed
See Restrictions on Title Page Taxonomy_v0430 10
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 11
Current financial climate has slowed deployment of LH DWDM systems and has resulted in a temporary fiber glut Regenerators dominate the cost of LH DWDM systems (see figure) ULH systems allow increased regeneration spacing to 1000-4000 km with a significant reduction in regeneration cost ULH systems can also be used to support all-optical transparency in backbone and metro networks
A M
L3
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 12
L2
L1
$60,000,000
Series1
Series6
system cost
$40,000,000
$30,000,000
$20,000,000
$10,000,000
$0
20 0 40 0 60 0 80 0 10 00 12 00 14 00 16 00 18 00 20 00 22 00 24 00 26 00 28 00 30 00 32 00 34 00 36 00 38 00 40 00
Taxonomy_v0430 14
OTN
New transport networking layer being standardised in ITU (G.709) and driven by the need to manage DWDM transport and map Gb/s non-SONET tributaries
accommodates 2.5 Gb/s, 10 Gb/s, 40 Gb/s signals Service transparency for SDH/SONET, ETHERNET, ATM, IP, MPLS Enhanced OAM & networking functionality for all services
Requires digital processing for OCh and OSC, but only at locations where O/E/O is already performed
Fault and degradation detection Service Level Agreement (SLA) verification Signal Fail & Signal Degrade condition determination for protection and restoration (e.g. if high accuracy is required)
See Restrictions on Title Page Taxonomy_v0430 15
A L3 M C
L2
L1
OPUk OH
1 Alignm
OTUk OH
2
3 4
ODUk
3824
OTUk FEC
Client Signal OPUk - Optical Channel Payload Unit ODUk - Optical Channel Data Unit OTUk - Optical Channel Transport Unit
k indicates the order: 1 2.5G 2 10G 3 40G
Alignment
Taxonomy_v0430 16
4080
14 15 16 17
7 8
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 17
Reconfigurable OADMs:
An optical analog of the SONET ADM Currently used to provide a simple mapping of tributary interfaces with different types, formats, and rates to a common WDM transport (see figure) OADMs with remote reconfigurability initially supported via electronic switch fabric; may continue due to ever improving electronic integration Current efforts on OADM products with optical fabric (e.g., MEMS, liquid crystal) and optical protection architectures (e.g., UPSR-like, BLSR-like)
A M C L3 L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 18
C.O.
OADM
C.O. C.O.
ESCON
OADM
Goal is to have a single unified transport infrastructure Tributary interfaces are mapped to wavelengths Some NEs use an integrated aggregation method to combine traffic onto individual wavelengths - GbE, RPR, POS, etc.
See Restrictions on Title Page Taxonomy_v0430 19
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 20
OXC Characteristics
Cornerstone of optical networking Core and Grooming OXCs Core OXCs (electronic or optical switch fabrics) :
OEO: STS-48 switch fabric and granularity; may provide core grooming of OC48 into OC-192; leverages OEO for wavelength interchange, regeneration, and performance monitoring; scalable to 1000s ports; currently optimized for managing traffic among IP routers with OC-48 interfaces All-Optical: l-level granularity; (potentially) lower cost optical switch fabric (e.g., MEMS, PLC); engineering and provisioning limitation due to lack of wavelength interchange and regeneration All-Optical: fiber/waveband granularity; these switches allow entire fibers or bands of wavelengths to be cross-connected together
Grooming OXCs:
Only OEO; STS-1 switch fabric; 150Mb/s-10Gb/s interfaces; leverages OEO for wavelength interchange, regeneration, and performance monitoring; scalable to 1000s ports; currently addresses traffic composition of legacy carriers
Metro OXCs:
small to medium sized switch fabric which may include integrated WDM transport capability
L3 L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 21
OXCs
O/E/O O/E/O O/E/O O/E/O O/E O/E O/E O/E E/O E/O E/O E/O O/E/O O/E/O O/E/O O/E/O
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 22
Some MSPPs support also L2 processing, e.g., rate limiting and flow control - ATM, Ethernet
Statistical multiplexing (a deficiency of legacy SONET) may be supported by MSPPs, but only over link bandwidth (e.g. virtual concatenated channel), not over entire ring bandwidth)
A M L3
Most MSPPs, as well as other emerging metro NEs, provide distributed control plane capabilities to streamline operations
See Restrictions on Title Page Taxonomy_v0430 23
L2
L1
2 DS3 26 DS 1 64 DS0
500 ATM UNI
20 Mb/s FR 25 Mb/s
HUB
5 DS 3 ADM OC-48 3 DS1 SONET 1 OC-3c UPSR ADM ADM
DSLAM
60 Mb/s
ADM
OC-12c
DSLAM
105 Mb/s NG NG ADM ADM Aggregate ADM OC-12c ADM Load NG SONET Ring NG ADM ADM NG ADM
60 Mb/s
Taxonomy_v0430 24
Rapid provisioning of capacity in small increments (e.g., 1 Mbps) Traffic policing, shaping and monitoring at edge Protection/restoration times are on the order of 1 second compared to SONET 50 ms capability QoS is in the same state as IP QoS Performance monitoring and fault management are not as good as SONET and ATM Accommodation of legacy TDM services remains to be solved
L2
L1
LAN n
GbE
GbE
Taxonomy_v0430 26
GFP provides a generic GFP Client Specific Aspects mechanism to adapt traffic from (Payload Dependent) higher-layer client signals over an GFP Common Aspects octet synchronous transport (Payload Independent) network (e.g., SONET, OTN) Other octetSONET/SDH OTN ODUk Path synchronous Client signals may be PDU-oriented VC-n Path paths (such as IP/PPP or Ethernet MAC), block-code oriented (such as Fibre Channel or ESCON), or a constant bit rate stream Gaining momentum and being standardized in T1X1, ITU Variable-length payload - different from ATM Maintain layer 2 (e.g., Ethernet) header information - different from Packet over SONET (POS) - and allows transparent mapping of line codes (e.g., 8B/10B GbE, FC)
May be combined with SONET virtual concatenation to remove SONET data deficiencies - granularity and burstiness Enables support of GbE networking over SONET transport, an appealing proposition for ILECs
A L3 M C
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 27
RPR introduces a MAC protocol for bandwidth sharing and acts as a new Layer 2 protocol (can use SONET or Ethernet as Layer 1) Spatial Reuse (Similar to SONET BLSR) Focused on data traffic - TDM traffic later
L3 A M C
Ring interconnection?
L2 L1
Taxonomy_v0430 28
Proprietary Framing
Goal is to Maximize Data Packing into ls
Native-mode, multi-protocol wavelengths Increases bandwidth efficiency over the alternative of GFP mapping onto virtual SONET concatenated channels
L3
L2
l
A
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 29
Emerging Proprietary
RPR GbE
POS
Bandwidth Efficiency
A M C
L3
L2
L1
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 31
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 32
Allow traffic engineering and support of differentiated QoS in the core networks (similar to ATM); these features are essential for service categories beyond best-effort
MPLS is also envisioned for restoration purposes, either via backup LSPs or via fast re-route of LSPs
target restoration times approaching order of 100 ms (similar to SONET) restoration in the MPLS layer enables finer granularity of QoS differentiation (than circuit-based protection/restoration)
A L3
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 33
Edge Routers
WDM DMUX
WDM MUX
OXC
Metro
Core
Layer 2
Residential Optical Access MSPP with Integrated WDM
Physical
Taxonomy_v0430 35
Hybrid OXCs
Several types of hybrid OXC are being developed
An OXC combining optical switch fabric (e.g., MEMS) with OEO interfaces (transponders) to WDM transport
minimizes (but does not eliminate) electronics electronics is leveraged for wavelength interchange, signal regeneration and performance monitoring; however it does not support sub-l grooming
An OXC combining both optical and electronic switch fabrics with OEO interfaces between the two fabrics
leverages electronics for sub-l grooming, regeneration, and wavelength interchange of a selected signal set; other signals are cross-connected in the optical domain entirely through the OXC node
A L3 M C
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 36
Hybrid OXC
O/E/O O/E/O O/E/O O/E/O
l interchange and regeneration via oeo transponders, optical fabric Selective l interchange and regeneration via tunable oeo transponders, optical fabric
Elec. Switch
See Restrictions on Title Page Taxonomy_v0430 37
Optical and electrical switch fabrics, selective l interchange, regeneration, and grooming via electronic fabric
A L3
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 38
Integrated MSPP/OADM
Integrates MSPP (or Next Generation SONET) functions of circuit/packet signal management and aggregation into a wavelength with OADM functions of wavelength management and aggregating wavelengths into fibers
+ data aware
+ mini DCS
SONET ADM
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 39
Main premise:
saving of interfaces between stand-alone routers and OXCs operations and management savings via consolidation of management platforms
Not very established yet, primarily since established router (e.g., Cisco, Juniper) and OXC (e.g., Ciena) vendors focus on their own space
A L3 M C
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 40
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 41
Core
IXC POP
IXC POP
HUB CO
IXC POP
HUB CO
Core
IXC POP
IXC POP
HUB CO
Metro
HUB CO
Metro
HUB CO
Pre-2000
CO Distribution CO CO
DLC DLC ADM
'00-'03 CO Distribution CO
CO
DLC DLC ADM
Access
IXC POP
HUB CO
Access
IXC POP
HUB CO
Core
IXC POP
DWDM Transport Legacy SONET Next Gen. SONET Gigabit Ethernet Intelligent OXC/OADM New Optical Switching Technology
Metro
HUB CO
'03-'07
CO Distribution CO CO
DLC DLC ADM
Access
See Restrictions on Title Page
Taxonomy_v0430 42
Taxonomy_v0430 43
Other start-ups with components and subsystems for possible use in this space
Essex, Hyperwave: Ultradense channel spacing
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 44
Supported interfaces
Interface transponders support SONET rates: OC-12, -48, -192 OC-48 interface supports short and intermediate reach OC-192 interface supports SR-2 for up to 2km
Network Management
EMS can be integrated into the Ciena LightWorks NMS for end-to-end optical channel provisioning and connection management Integrated performance monitoring for troubleshooting and SLA verification
Network Architecture
Two types of OADMs may be installed at any amplifier site: band add/drop and single wavelength add/drop
Taxonomy_v0430 45
Supported interfaces
Interface transponders support SONET rates: OC-48, and OC-192
Network Architecture
Flexible configuration enables the unit to be configured as a point-to-point DWDM terminal, part of an optical add/drop multiplexer, or as an optical switch
Taxonomy_v0430 46
Applications include:
Festoon submarine networks along coastal regions to avoid hostile terrain and right-of-way issues on land Spur link or backhaul to remote locations Island hopping and interconnection Inaccessible terrestrial links: desert crossings
Coastal Festoon
See Restrictions on Title Page Taxonomy_v0430 47
Unique approaches
Kestrel Solutions: TalonMX, SCM-based transport Lumentis: Mentis 3000, unamplified metro DWDM
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 48
Supported interfaces
Interface transponders support SONET rates: OC-12, OC-48, and OC-192 Multi-protocol, multi-bit rate interface supports any rate up to 2.5 Gb/s (i.e. GbE) Tunable laser interfaces are used to reduce sparing, increase flexibility Colored interface supports add/drop of any ITU grid DWDM wavelength at client
Element Management
Remote management capability for dynamic network reconfiguration Digital wrapper monitors optical layer performance
Network Architecture
Optical rings with 1+1 and OChSpring 2-fiber linear architecture for point-to-point
See Restrictions on Title Page Taxonomy_v0430 49
L2
L1
Supported interfaces
GbE, Fibre Channel, OC-3, OC-12 supported on a single wavelength (rates up to 1.25 Gb/s) CWDM channels are allocated in 20nm spacing from 1470 to 1610nm outside of the C-band (1530-1560nm); an additional 1310nm wavelength is also available Pay as you grow approach enables 4 CWDM channels and 16 C-band ITU channels to be simultaneously carried on the same infrastructure
Network Architecture
Supports point-to-point or logical star architecture
Taxonomy_v0430 51
Taxonomy_v0430 52
Passive Splitters
curb/homeGEAR
1310nm Upstream
1550nm CATV
15xx DWDM
bizGEAR
WDM Overlay or CATV Distribution network can also be multiplexed into the PON infrastructure
See Restrictions on Title Page Taxonomy_v0430 54
Taxonomy_v0430 55
Taxonomy_v0430 56
Supported interfaces
OC-3, OC-12, GbE
Network Architecture
Redundant Link Controller (RLC) switches to available redundant link when interference occurs on the primary link
Taxonomy_v0430 57
A L3
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 58
A L3
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 59
Protection
software-defined Virtual Line-Switched Rings (VLSR), linear 1:N and 1:1 APS and FastMesh connection-level protection schemes Auto-grooming optimizes network utilization with given protection constraints
Taxonomy_v0430 60
Deployment of CoreDirector
National Network WDM Physical Topology
Taxonomy_v0430 61
Optical Interfaces
OXI modules are fully transparent, passive interfaces that enable redundant access to the switch fabric for protection events and fail-overs. Each module contains a passive splitter and a 1x2 output selector Simple monitoring functions including optical power Each OXI pack contains 4 bi-directional ports so that 28 OXI packs populates a total capacity of 112x112
Switching capacity
3-Bay base configuration includes a 128x128/256x256 3D MEMS fabric scalable to 1024x1024 in 5 bays Up to 112 ports can be used per 128 port fabric
Taxonomy_v0430 62
Taxonomy_v0430 63
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 64
Architectures supported:
Point-to-Point, Linear Add/Drop, Ring, and Mesh
Interfaces supported
TDM interfaces: DS1, DS3, DS3 transmux, EC1/STS-1 Ethernet: 10/100/1000 Mb/s (supports 2.5 Gb/s of maximum throughput per slot) SONET: OC-3/OC-3c, OC-12/OC-12c, OC-48/OC-48c, OC-192c (ITU Compliant wavelengths available)
See Restrictions on Title Page Taxonomy_v0430 65
Protection/Restoration Support
UPSR and BLSR (2 and 4 fiber); unidirectional and bidirectional linear APS path protected mesh networking (PPMN) and spanning tree
Performance Monitoring
SONET errors: LOS, LOF, LOP, AIS-L, RDI-L count SONET section and line errors
Taxonomy_v0430 66
Taxonomy_v0430 67
Taxonomy_v0430 68
Products that provide proprietary framing for metro core DWDM rings
Alidian: OSN 4400 PacketLight Coriolis
Products that focus on using proprietary multiplexing and optical transport for distribution and metro-edge networks
Native Networks: EMX3500 (proprietary APT-Asynchronous Packet Transport)
Other framing techniques only used by a few vendors: Dynamic Transfer Mode (DTM)
Net Insight Dynarc
L3 A M C
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 69
Capacity
40 Gb/s of total trunk capacity per shelf with up to 80 Gb/s capacity for two shelves using 32 OC-48 wavelengths 80 Gb/s switch capacity per shelf
Interfaces supported
ATM/POS: DS-3, OC-3, OC-12 Ethernet:10/100/1000 Mb/s supported (rate provisionable) SAN: future interfaces will support FC and other SAN protocols TDM: DS-3, OC-3, OC-12, OC-48 with optional Sonet ADM card and STS-1 grooming capability
Taxonomy_v0430 70
Routers with optical switch fabrics Emerging suppliers with new architectures
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 71
Interfaces supported
Unique modular interface design allows up to 4 different hardware interfaces (PICs) per slot Up to 8 OC-192c per chassis or up to 32 OC-48c SONET: OC-3c, -12c, -48c, -192c (concatenated & channelized modes) ATM: DS-3/E3, OC-3, OC-12 Ethernet: 100/1000 Mb/s Dedicated Access: DS-3, E1, E3, T1 Channelized: n x DS0, DS-3, E1, STM-1, OC-12
Interfaces supported
Up to 40 module slots per bay SONET: OC-3c, -12c, -48c, -192c (concatenated & channelized modes) Ethernet: 1000 Mb/s Composite links logically bundle up to 64 connections to form pipes with capacities beyond OC-768
Optical interface options include: Ethernet: SX, short reach SONET: MM, SR, and SMIR
Emerging Vendors
Maple Optical Systems Tenor Networks Vivace Networks Crescent Networks Equipe Communications Mahi Networks
L3 L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 74
Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet is the dominant Layer 2 protocol used Many vendors compete in this space and offer products that cover the entire edge/access market. A sampling of them include:
3Com Cabletron Cisco Redback Force10 Networks World Wide Packet Unisphere (Juniper) Jedai Broadband Lucent Alcatel Nortel Extreme Foundry Riverstone Allegro Networks Laurel Networks
A L3 M C
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 75
Interfaces supported
Up to 8 OC-192c per chassis or up to 32 OC-48c Ethernet: 10/100/1000 Mb/s 4Gb/s CWDM interface Channelized T3/E3 ATM: DS-3, E-3, OC-3c POS: OC-3c, OC-12c, OC-48c (under development) SONET: OC192c (under development)
Optical Ethernet: Combining DWDM, OADMs and Ethernet switching into a single platform for metro networks
Atrica Xebeo
Taxonomy_v0430 77
Interfaces supported
Ethernet: 10/100/1000 and 10GbE all supported Up to 1,152 ports at 10/100 or 192 ports for GbE POS: OC-3 and OC-12 ATM: OC-3
Taxonomy_v0430 78
Client Interfaces
Ethernet: 10/100/1000 and 10GbE interfaces A unique 100 Gb/s parallel Ethernet module has also been developed for high bandwidth trunks
Optical Interfaces
Supports 32 wavelengths DWDM each at 10 Gb/s for a total transport capacity of 320 Gb/s OADM cards allow individual wavelengths to be dropped at each node
Taxonomy_v0430 79
RPR/SRP Players
IEEE 802.17 standard for transporting data services over a flexible framing structure with SONET-like protection mechanisms RPR Alliance, an industry forum, includes incumbent and emerging vendors
Alcatel Ciena Corrigent Lantern Communications Riverstone Force10 NEC Cisco Dynarc Nortel
Larger vendors are focusing on making RPR an optional line card for existing systems
Cisco (proprietary RPR called DPT) Crescent Redback Riverstone
A L3 M C
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 80
Interfaces
MPS-AX supports 8 access interfaces slots for 10/100 Mb/s Ethernet, GbE, T1/E1 TDM and T3 RPR ring is served by dual 10 Gb/s optical packet rings
Switching capacity
Systems uses an 80 Gb/s switch fabric 16 slot chassis (Ex: up to 120 GbE ports supported per chassis)
Network Management
Distributed network of RPR switches on the same ring appear as a single logical switch
See Restrictions on Title Page Taxonomy_v0430 81
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 82
Emerging vendors that offer a metro packet node solution. Some have already shut-down
Atoga: OAR 30 Tropic Networks: TRX24000 Village Networks (Closed) IP Optical (Closed)
A L3
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 83
System Capacity
80 Gb/s integrated packet switching capacity 768x768 STS-1 cross-connect capability unspecified DWDM channel plan
Interfaces
DS3, OC-3, -12, -48 10/100/1000BaseT Ethernet Fibre Channel Tunable OADM
Taxonomy_v0430 84
Accelight claims to have combined the features of router and OXC into a single platform using a novel Optical Burst Switched core
OXC-style Interfaces include: Sonet and wavelegth based interfaces for circuit switching Packet processing interfaces for POS and other IP based services
A L3
L2
L1
Taxonomy_v0430 85
Taxonomy_v0430 86
The fraction of lit wavelengths on installed DWDM systems (average around 35% - RHK) and lit fibers on installed cables represent conditions of fiber glut that can slow down deployment of new DWDM systems, and to a lesser extent, of new line cards
Emerging IXCs are primarily focused on growing IP traffic with a large fraction of l-level granularity - ULH DWDM, Core (mainly) and grooming OXCs, Core IP/MPLS routers
Qwest, Level3, Broadwing, Williams, (Global Crossing), CW, Frontier
Taxonomy_v0430 87
Worldcom:
Initial build out based on single channel OC-192, followed by DWDM, both SONET and DWDM provided by Nortel Supporting UUNET IP/DWDM transport based on 10 Gb/s per wavelength and 1+1 point-to-point APS First trial of 40 Gb/s, initially in a single channel and later with 32 DWDM channels based on Lucent equipment
Taxonomy_v0430 88
ILECs
Required to support broad service offering, mostly legacy TDM voice trunks and private lines Dominated by legacy SONET ADM (Fujitsu, Nortel, Lucent) and WDCS (Tellabs) equipment Interoperability with legacy OSSs (via Telcordias OSMINE) and standard-based equipment are of utmost concern
Metro DWDM deployment, point-to-point and fixed OADMs, primarily for fiber relief, is growing nicely, but from a very small base; it is substantially less than IXC DWDM deployment (<7% in 2000), several are in the process of RFI/RFP
BellSouth - Ciena 1600 for point-to-point Qwest - ONI SBC - Nortel OPTera 5200 metro DWDM Verizon - Lucent OLS40G for point-to-point and EON OADMs, Ciena
Limited deployment of OXCs as of yet - Qwest with Tellium and Ciena, BellSouth with Sycamore
Taxonomy_v0430 89
ILECs
ILECs are increasingly supporting new data services, including Ethernet services, to remain competitive with new carriers Data traffic - legacy ATM/FR, DSLAMs to ISPs, Ethernet PL and LAN extension - is mostly pre-provisioned via SONET; however, it may also be overlay on different fibers or wavelengths Regulatory and union issues deploying hybrid data/transport NEs, e.g. MSPPs and GbE ILECs are in the process of RFI/RFP and trial of several NG SONET/MSPP, participate in RPR specification, and also starting to plan for IP routers and GbE switches
SBC: Nortel Optera 3500 MSPP Qwest: Cisco 15454 MSPP
Taxonomy_v0430 90
CLECs
Initially thought to be most promising for optical networking deployment (greenfield) Quite shaky market currently Wide availability of dark fiber (e.g., MFN) limits DWDM deployment in metro networks, especially in tier-1 cities Ethernet LECs - focus on GbE/fiber connectivity to business at prices that are 30-50% less than TDM private lines
Cogent: Mapping Ethernet to SONET using Ciscos 454 MSPP over leased fibers in the metro; Core IP routers (Cisco GSR) in POPs; OC192/DWDM (Cisco 15800) in national backbone Telseon: focused on metro transport between carrier collocation facilities (ISPs and ASPs are their target customers); 1 Mbps -1 Gbps service; Equipment from 3Com, Cabletron, Extreme, and Foundry Yipes: Fiber-based, gigabit Ethernet service; direct enterprise focus; high-speed LAN-to-LAN and LAN-to-Internet connectivity; 1 Mbps to 1 Gbps in 1 Mbps increments; Extreme GbE switches and Juniper routers
Taxonomy_v0430 91
Part IV: Summary of Network Management and Control Plane Taxonomy and Solutions
Taxonomy_v0430 92
Management Paradigms
Management Plane: enables operators to provide services in a centralized fashion
includes network and capacity planning, configure networks, device and performance monitoring, root cause analysis, service definition, SLA verification dominates legacy telecom carrier networks
Control Plane: enables network devices and (possibly) end-users to rapidly create/maintain/restore/delete connections
based on distributed control dominates enterprises networks; prominent protocols include OIF UNI, GMPLS, LMP GMPLS: an automated control plane for the physical layer which will allow routers to initiate automated bandwidth requests from OXCs and other optical transport equipment
New developments combining these two planes and increasing automation in both planes are expected to reduce carrier operation expenditures, provide traffic engineering, and turn up service quickly
See Restrictions on Title Page Taxonomy_v0430 93
HTTP SOAP
Management System
NMS
EMS
TL1
HTTP
NE
OIF UNI/NNI
GMPLS
Telecom
See Restrictions on Title Page Taxonomy_v0430 94
Datacom
OIF
Public UNI, Private UNI, Public NNI, Private NNI
Control Plane
PUB-NNI
ED
DSI PRI-UNI
PUB-UNI
ED
PRI-UNI
CED
Optical Subnet
PRI-NNI
Optical Subnet
Optical Subnet
PRI-NNI
CED
GMPLS
DSI
PUB-UNI PUB-UNI
ED
PUB-UNI
ED
PUB-NNI
:User Edge Device :Carrier Edge Device :Public UNI/NNI :Private UNI/NNI :Data Service Interface (ATM, SONET, etc)
Taxonomy_v0430 96
EMS/NMS/OSS
EMS Vendors
Typically manages a network of one type of network element from a single vendor System vendors may modify a code base purchased from a third party and brand it as their own EMS
NMS Vendors
Large system vendors often extend their EMS to include other network elements from their product lines. In practice, these are not typically used to manage other vendor equipment. Large vendor neutral platforms are offered by many companies including Telcordia to provide NMS functions. Carriers may also use an umbrella NMS as a manager of other EMS/NMS systems.
OSS Systems
Include operational management functions of network such as trouble ticketing, billing, staffing, resource management, etc. OSS is a broad categorization which include NMS and other operational aspects of a network
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IETF
SNMP, RMON, Policy based management (COPS), GMPLS, GSMP
OIF
UNI, NNI, LMP
ITU
Seven layers, TMN, CMISE,
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Hybrid Management and Control Planes for Dynamic Optical Networking State aggregation and interoperability across multivendor domain (fault management, service assurance, inventory management)
NMS/Network Management Subnet Management and GMPLS Control Plane dynamic optical network
vendor B vendor A vendor C
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EMS/NMS Suppliers
Element Management System (EMS) development
Vendor-based EMS supplied by equipment vendors tend to be based upon a code kit available from a third party software vendor System vendors can modify the code to meet their system requirements and re-brand it as their own Other system vendors develop the EMS in-house
NMS systems are typically a component of larger OSS systems that are available from a variety of suppliers
Vendor neutral NMS platforms are typically used for managing systems with multiple vendors and technologies. This is the way the majority of networks are managed. NMS from system vendors can also be used to manage multiple networks and elements from that vendor in a large network
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TMN Layers
Customer Manager ServiceGateTM / Billing ExchangeLink System Advanced Service Mgmt. System
Customer Inter- Service Connection Rep. Customer Number Manager Customer Access & Location Manager
NML NML
Service Provisioning & Activation Suite Network Engineer Inventory Manager Network Design & Inventory Suite Force WFA Tech Access System Fleet Optimizer
EML
Router Mgmt
DSL Mgmt
NEL
IP Local Transport / Signaling Call Routers Frame Satellite Wireless Local Relay & Digital Access / Network Gateways Agent & Servers Loop ATM Switches DSL Switches
Company
Infovista Opnet Kenan Riversoft Arkipelago Cross Keys
Provisioning
a aa a
a a a a
Performance Management Assurance Fault Management Security Management Monitor utilization of ntwk. resources Billing Market driven billing Cost driven billing
a a a a
a a
a
a
Acronym Glossary
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Acronyms A-Z
ADM AIS APON APS ASE ATM BER BLSR CATV CLEC CORBA CWDM DCS DPT DSLAM DSn DWDM EDFA EML EMS EPON ESCON add/drop multiplexer alarm indication signal (SONET error) ATM-based passive optical network automatic protection switching amplified spontaneous emission asynchronous transfer mode bit error rate bi-directional line switched ring cable television competitive local exchange carrier common object request broker architecture coarse wavelength division mutliplexing digital cross-connect system dynamic packet transport (Cisco) digital subscriber line access multiplexer digital signal level (for n=0, 64kb/s, n=1 1.544Mb/s (T1), n=44.736 Mb/s (T3) dense wavelength division multiplexing erbium doped fiber amplifier element management layer element management system Ethernet-based passive optical network enterprise system connection (IBM)
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Acronyms (cont.)
FBG FC FEC FR FWM G GbE GFP GMPLS HFC ILEC IP IS-IS ISP ITU IXC LDP LEC LH LMP LOF LOP fiber bragg gratings fiber channel forward error correction frame relay four wave mixing gigabits per second (Gb/s) gigabit Ethernet generic framing procedure generalized multiprotocol label switching hybrid fiber-coax incumbent local exchange carrier internet protocol intermediate system-intermediate system internet service provider international telecommunications union interexchange carrier label distribution protocol local exchange carrier long haul label management protocol loss of frame (SONET error) loss of path (SONET error)
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Acronyms
LOS LSP MAC MAN MEMS MM MPLS MSPP NC&M NEL NF NG NMA NML NMS NNI OADM OAM OAM&P OC-n OEO OIF loss of signal label switched path media access control metropolitan area network micro-electro-mechanical system multimode (fiber) multiprotocol label switching multi-service provisioning platform network control and management network element layer noise figure next generation network management and analysis (Telcordia OSS) network management layer network management system network to network interface optical add/drop multiplexer operations, administration, and maintenance operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning optical carrier, base unit (n=1) is 51.84 Mb/s optical-to-electronic-to-optical optical internetworking forum
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Acronyms
OSC OSNR OSS OTDM OTN OXC PDH PDU PL PLC PMD PON POP POS POTS PPP PTT QoS RDI RFI RFP RPR optical supervisory channel optical signal to noise ratio operations support system optical time division multiplexing optical transport network optical cross-connect plesio-synchronous digital hierarchy (pre-SONET) protocol data unit private line planar lightwave circuit polarization mode dispersion passive optical network point of presence packet over SONET plain old telephone system point to point protocol post, telephone, and telegraph (non-US based local and long distance carrier) quality of service remote defect indication (ATM) request for information request for proposal resilient packet ring
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Acronyms
RSVP RZ SAN SDH SLA SM SMIR SMLR SMSR SNMP SR STM-n STS-n TDM TIRKS TL-1 TMN ULH UNI UPSR VLAN VOD resource reservation protocol return to zero modulation format storage area network synchronous digital hierarchy service level agreement single mode (fiber) single mode intermediate reach single mode long reach single mode short reach simple network management protocol short reach synchronous transport model (STM-1 = OC-3) synchronous transport signal level (n = 1 corresponds to 51.84 Mb/s) time division multiplexing trunk information record keeping system (Telcordia) transaction language tele-management network ultra long haul user-network interface unidirectional path switched ring virtual local area network video on demandVoIP
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Acronyms
VPN VT XPM virtual private network virtual tributary (VT-1.5 maps a DS-1 into SONET) cross-phase modulation
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