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Contents

Introduction structure of an Organic LED Operation of OLED Commercial uses Modern technologies in oleds

OLED Versus LED Organic LED display and liquid crystal display Advantages Disadvantages Applications conclusion

INTRODUCTION

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are optoelectronic devices based on small molecules or polymers that emit light when an electric current flows through them. OLED consists of a fluorescent organic layer sandwiched between two metal electrodes Under application of an electric field, electrons and holes are injected from the two electrodes into the organic layer, where they meet and recombine to produce light.

OLEDs are light weight, durable, power efficient and ideal for portable applications

Typical structure of an Organic LED and the Molecular Structure of Alq3 & TPd

Energy band

What the Organic Light Emitting Diode Consist of :

The Top Layer is the Cathode layer made of tungsten releases electrons when current is run through it.

Emissive Layer removes electrons from the cathode layer to make light.
Conductive layer is made from a type of organic plastic that removes the electron wholes Then the Anode Layer that consist of removing and adding electron holes while the current is running through it and is made from graphite particles Followed by the Substrate layer is used to support the Organic LED and is made up of glass, clear plastic

Operation of OLED

The organic light emitting diode (OLED) is a p-n diode, in which charge-carriers(e-h pairs) recombine to emit photons in an organic layer. The thickness of this layer is approximately 100 nm (experiments have shown that 70 nm is an optimal thickness). When an electron and a hole recombines, an excited state called an exciton is formed

Commercial Uses of the Organic LED

Some Advantages of Using Organic LEDs

The Organic LED is easily mass produced because of its unique ability to be printed out on Ink Jet printers and sometimes Screen Printing Technologies. The enable people to see a wide ranged of colors and sit from almost any angle without degrading the picture quality even at 90 degree angles. It also has the unique ability to use less energy because of how its made up and has better response time than other LEDs. The problem of the longevity of the Organic LED has been over come by adding a thin sheet of metal in with it.

MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN OLEDs

OLED Versus LED

OLEDs are made from polymers, plastics or other carbon containing compounds.

Light-emitting diodes, based upon semiconductors such as Gallium Arsenide, Gallium P hosphide.

OLEDs consume low power

LEDs consume high power

Organic LED display and liquid crystal display

The most sophisticated O.L.E.D. operate much like the color L.C.D. displays found on current laptops. L.C.D. screen, each pixel is divided into three subpixels, each filtered to display red, green or blue light. OLED displays replace the lamp, the subpixels and the color filters with rows and rows of red, green and blue O.L.E.D. units. OLEDs consume low power(1mW) when compared with LCDs(144mW).

Advantages
Very thin panel. Low power consumption. High brightness/ High contrast. Wide visibility. Quick response time. Takes less power to run (2 to 10 volts). Self luminous. Thinner than LCD. No power intake when turned off. Can be viewed up to 160 degrees

Disadvantages

Engineering Hurdles The reliability of the OLED is still not up to par Overcoming LCDs

APPLICATIONS

Conclusion

Organic Light Emitting Diodes are evolving as the next generation of light sources. Presently researchers have been gong on to develop a 1.5 emitting device. This wavelength is of special interest for telecommunications as it is the low-loss wavelength for optical fibre communications. Organic full-color displays may eventually replace liquid crystal displays for use with lap top and even desktop computers. Researches are going on this subject and it is sure that OLED will emerge as future solid state light source.