ME6230-Two Phase Flow (Part-A)

Dr. Sarit Kumar Das

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Curriculum

a) General features
b) Nucleation and bubble dynamics
c) Pool boiling heat transfer
d) Critical heat flux in pool boiling
e) Features of two-phase flow
f) Pressure drop in two-phase flow
g) Heat transfer in flow boiling
h) Critical heat flux in flow boiling
1. Boiling
2. Condensation
a) Nusselts theory of condensation
b) Deviations from Nusselts theory
c) Condensation on horizontal tubes and tube banks
d) Condensation inside tubes
e) Turbulent intube condensation
f) Flooding of condensers
g) Condensation in horizontal tubes gravity and
shear dominated regimes
Books
Process Heat Transfer - Sarit K. das

Heat transfer in condensation and boiling K. Stephan

Boiling heat transfer and two-phase flow Tong and Tang

Two-phase flow and Heat Transfer P.B. Whally

Handbook of Multiphase Systems G. Hetsroni

Process Heat Transfer Hewitt, Shires and Bott

Convective Boiling and Condensation J.G. Collier
Existing notions about two-phase heat transfer
1. It is empirical.

2. It is difficult.

3. Prediction is poor.

4. It is less important.
All the above notions are incorrect, but one can say
1. The physics is still being discovered, to that extent
empirical.
2. Definitely more complex than single phase flow, but it
is possible to visualize and develop understanding.
3. Predictions and influencing parameters are becoming
improved.
4. It is more important for applications (Ex: power,
process, space, nuclear etc.).
In this course we will stress on understanding of
the process and not mugging up empirical formulae
Pool Boiling
Evaporation:

From practical (measurement) convenience the driving temperature difference is
taken as



The heat transfer co-efficient depends on flow regime









L W S W
T T not and T T T = A
T h q
T C h
T C h
A =
A =
A =
3 / 1
2
4 / 1
1
For laminar flow
For turbulent flow
Now
h
q
T = A
4 / 1 1
2
5 / 1 1
1
4 / 1
1
4 / 5
4 / 1
1
q C h
q C h q C h
h
q
C h
=
= =
|
.
|

\
|
=
For laminar flow
For turbulent flow
For single-phase flow
Nucleate Boiling
4 / 3 1
3
3
3
q C h
T C h
A =
A =
The famous Nukiyama curve gives the different regimes of pool boiling
The point A called burn out (it need not really burn out)
The point C called Leidenfrost point
Flow boiling
1. The pressure changes and hence the T
sat also.


2. The flow condition influence the boiling process which in turn is
influenced by pressure.

3. The quality continuously vary from 0 to 1.

4. There is no uniform pattern.
) (
.
n f m Cq h
s
n
=
C depends on fluid propertier
0 ~ n
For convective (3/4 for nucleate)
S = 0.6 to 0.8 (0.1 to o.3 nucleate)