Lesson 6

Visual Symbols

 Objectives: Identify different symbols and give the strengths and weaknesses of each. Construct sample of each and be able to use them in a mock demonstration teaching. Visual symbols are representation of direct reality, which comes in a form of signs and symbols.

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Different kinds of Visual Symbols

Drawing Sketches Cartoons Comics or Strip drawing Diagrams Charts and Graphs Maps and Posters
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1. Visuals must be directly relevant to the audio content. 2. Redundancy between visuals and audio must be avoided. If words are displayed, viewers must be given a time to read it. 3. Visual displays should be big enough to be seen by the farthest pupil. 4. Visual displays must be attractive. 5. Visual display must be aesthetically presented to maintain good taste.
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Rules of Thumbs in Using Visuals

Kinds of Visual Symbols

1. Cartoons - tells stories metaphorically through pictures, which needs no caption. - it is a pictorial representation or caricature of a person, idea, situation or issue that is designed to influence public opinion.

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Suggestions for the use of cartoons

1. Appropriateness to experience level. 2. Simplicity contains only the essential features. 3. Brevity of captions if ever but they may not be given any. 4. Use of clear symbols. 5. Adequateness of size.

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2. Posters - is a combination of bold designs and color primarily intended to catch attention on a significant fact, idea or message. Characteristics of a good poster 1. It must be bold and simple but dramatizes features 2. It must be appropriate to the grade level and to the subject and purpose or purposes.
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Characteristics of a good poster 3. It must have only limited text, few words generally used, and key words are made to standout by means of type size or position. 4. It must be attractive, pleasing to the eyes. 5. Design and color must be given consideration. 6. It must have elements of dynamism and shock.

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3. Drawing and Sketches These are crude and simple lines, which are effective in showing what needs to be shown with sufficient clarity, to make the meaning vivid to learners or students. 4. Diagrams are simplified drawings designed to show interrelationship primarily by means of lines and symbols.

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Sketch of a Butterfly

Diagram of an Eye

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5. Charts are graphic or pictorial representations of a large mass of information or show progression thru time and space of people or events, ideas and objects. Kinds of charts and examples 1. Data chart contains items of information of all sorts especially quantitative data. 2. Pictorial chart use relevant pictures to present data or information on quantifiable data over specific period or condition.
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3. Schematic chart shows a principle or a law as applied like that of refrigeration 4. Diagrammatic chart verb chart is a popular example 5. Multiple leaf chart internal working parts of a machine 6. Phantom view chart - shows hidden parts of a machine without obliterating the outer parts 7. Development or progress chart profile of a place or a person
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8. Table chart bus trips 9. Time and tabular chart presidents and their term of office 10. Stream or tree chart- family tree 11. Flow or organizational chart school personnel chart, life cycle of a frog or a water cycle

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Data chart

Pictorial chart

Schematic chart
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Diagrammatic chart
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Multiple leaf chart

Stream or tree chart

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Thank you!
Prepared by: Joy Laarni de Veyra DTE 1

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6. Graphs presents quantitative data for easier analysis and interpretation. It shows comparative relationship of data involved in size, trends and growth.

Kinds of graphs
1. Line graph is the most accurate of all graphs used in plotting trends of relationships between two series of data. 2. Bar graphs simplest of all graphs to read. They are represented either by vertical or vertical bars.
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3. Circle or pie graph the sections of which are used to represent components parts of a whole. They always present total amounts, their parts or segments are calculated in percentage or fractional parts of a whole. 4. Area or solid graphs used for the simplest quantitative comparison thru the use of geometric shapes. 5. Pictorial Statistics or pictograph it make use of related pictures in showing quantitative data.
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Principle in Pictographing
1. Simplicity pictures used must be simple 2. Comparison of relationship must be strikingly seen 3. Approximates rather than precise amounts are represented 4. Pictorial symbols used must be self explanatory 5. Quantities are usually shown by number of symbols rather than by the size
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7. Strip Drawings or Comics Strip - Strip drawings are recommended for their story value in adaptation of the classics. - Comics is a form of cartooning in which the same cast of characters form a story in sequence of closely related drawings designed to entertain the readers.

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Values derived from the strip drawings

1. Increases interest in the subject 2. Individualizes and personalizes instruction for certain types of pupils 3. Serves as a valuable practice in reading 4. Widens reading interest

Reasons for using comic strip

1. It is easy to read so it encourages reading 2. It builds vocabulary
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3. It satisfies the collectors interest in acquiring copies 4. It provides excitement 5. It is inexpensive 6. It satisfies childrens idea of art 8. Maps are usually shown on the flat surface of the earth or some parts of it, showing the relative side and position according to scale or projection and positioned represented.
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Maps according to content

a. Physical map also called relief maps, they are the best because of their three dimensional representation; which includes geographical outline of land and water. b. Political map shows national boundaries down to the smallest division

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Maps according to form

a) b) c) d) e) f) g) Chalkboard outline map Student outline maps Projected maps Wall maps (decorative maps) Atlas collection of maps Sand table maps Pictorial maps

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Standards in judging maps

1. Visibility details are clearly seen and read 2. Detail less detailed maps are better 3. Scale marks are clear, dependable and easily interpreted 4. Symbols not too many to be remembered 5. Color should be used as an aid to reading it
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Purposes for which maps are being used

1. To enable students to understand both relative and exact position of political units, land masses and political areas. 2. To furnish information concerning areas, distances, directions, shapes, size and relationship. 3. To provide orientation and means of visualizing large and remote areas 4. To clarify materials
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5. To provide a visual basis for comparison and contrast 6. To provide means of regional synthesis 7. To provide interest and stimulation to learn more about people, geographical influences and places 8. To enable students to trace movements, migration and distribution of people, vegetation, animal life and culture 9. To serve as one method of study recording purposes
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10. To provide an object test means for certain types of measurement 11. To furnish means of self expression in unit and project study

Points to remember in utilizing maps for teaching

1. Make sure that the pupils or students comprehend the purpose of the map 2. Promote or develop positive emotional attitude
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3. Allow ample time for pupils first look 4. Make sure they understand map symbolism

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